Die Creol taal

250 years of Negerhollands texts

[p. 308]

4 Studies after 1945.

Adams Graves, Anne V. 1977. The present state of Dutch creole of the Virgin Islands. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms.

Arends, Jacques, & Pieter Muysken. 1992. ‘Demografische Modellen in de Creolistiek’, in: Gramma/TTT, tijdschrift voor taalkunde 1, 1. pp. 41-55.

>	EN: Demographic models in creole studies.

Bakker, Peter, Marike Post and Hein van der Voort. 1994. ‘TMA particles and auxiliaries’, in: Jaqcues Arends, Pieter Muysken, Norval Smith (eds.), Pidgins and Creoles: an introduction, Creole Language Library (CLL) Volume 15, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Ch.20, pp.247-258.

Besten, Hans den (ed). 1986. Papers on Negerhollands, the Dutch Creole of the Virgin Islands. Amsterdam Creole Studies IX, Publikaties van het Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap 51.

Besten, Hans den. 1989. ‘A plea for a more thorough use of West-Germanic Studies in Creole Studies (by way of an appendix to Peter Bakker's review of Glenn G. Gilbert (ed) (1987) Pidgin and Creole Languages. Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke.)’, in: Peter Bakker and Norval Smith (eds), Amsterdam Creole Studies X, Publikaties van het Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap no.56. pp. 82-102.

Besten, Hans den. 1992. ‘De makke van de etymologie van koloniale woorden in het Nederlands’, in: Jaarboek van de Stichting Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie, overzicht van het jaar 1991, Leiden: Secretariaat van de Stichting, pp. 52-82.

>	EN: The snag of the etymology of colonial words in Dutch.
>	Sections 1.1 and 1.2 deal with the historical phonology of NH ‘epithetic’ vowels and the etymology of the Dutch and NH words for ‘cockroach’ and ‘soursop’.

Besten, Hans den, & Pieter Muysken. 1992. ‘De sociolinguistische geschiedenis van het Negerhollands: een eerste overzicht’, in: Thema's en trends in de sociolinguistiek, toegepaste taalwetenschap in artikelen 42, 1. pp. 67-80, summary on p. 131.

>	EN: Sociolinguistic history of Negerhollands.

Besten, Hans den, & Peter Stein. 1986. ‘Prospective Editions of the Negerhollands Records at Herrnhut’, in: The Carrier Pidgin, December, pp. 5-6.

[p. 309]

Bowen, L. 1979. Reconstructing language use: Some examples from Virgin Islands Creole Dutch. Paper presented at the International Conference on Theoretical Orientations in Creole Studies. St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. 7 pp. {*}

Bradford, William Penn. 1982. Virgin Islands Dutch Creole: Its Principal Phrase, Clause and Sentence Structures. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of the West Indies, Jamaica. {*}

Bradford, William Penn. 1986. ‘Virgin Islands Dutch Creole: A Morphological Description’, in: Hans den Besten (ed), pp. 73-99.

Bradford, William Penn. (s.a.) Virgin Islands Dutch Creole: A Phonological Description. Typoscript. pp. i-v, 1-38, 103-108. {*}

Brøndsted, Johannes (ed). 1953. Vore Gamle Tropekolonier, II Dansk Vestindien. Copenhagen: Westermanns Forlag. (2nd ed. unkn. pl.: Fremad, 1966).

>	EN: Our old tropical colonies.
>	See Vibaek.

Bruyn, Adriënne, and Tonjes Veenstra. 1993. ‘The Creolization of Dutch’, in: Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 8, 1. pp. 29-80.

Capelleveen, Jan J. van. 1991. ‘Nieuwe Testament in het Negerhollands’, in: Met andere woorden, kwartaalblad over bijbelwerk 10, nr. 1. pp. 11-16.

>	EN: New Testament in Negerhollands.

Cooper, Vincent. 1989. ‘Christian Georg Andreas OLDENDORP. Geschichte der Mission der evangelischen Brueder auf den Caribischen Inseln, S. Thomas, S. Croix und S. Jan. Edited by Johann Jakob BASSARD (Barby: Christian Friedrich Laur, 1777) and further edited and translated into English by Arnold HIGHFIELD and Vladimir BARAC (Karoma Publishers, 1987) [review]’, in: The Carrier Pidgin, March-June. pp. 5-6.

Deddens, K. 1967. ‘Kerkboeken in de “Creols-tael” van de voormalige Deense Antillen’ I-IV. In: De Reformatie, weekblad tot ontwikkeling van het Gereformeerde leven 42, nr. 34 (27 mei) - 37 (17 juni); I: pp. 165-166, II: pp. 173-174, III: pp. 281-282, IV: pp. 289-290.

>	EN: Church books in Negerhollands.

Degn, Christian. 1974. Die Schimmelmanns im atlantischen Dreieckshandel. Gewinn und Gewissen. Neumünster: Karl Wachholz Verlag. 583 pp.

>	EN: The Schimmelmanns in the Atlantic triangle trade.
>	A very thorough study of the merchant family Schimmelmann, and how they turned away from the slave trade. It contains a few text fragments of Negerhollands, and a photographic copy of a letter from 1787 in Dutch, that seems to show Negerhollands traces.

[p. 310]

Diggelen, Miep van. 1978. ‘Negro-Dutch’, in: Pieter Muysken (ed), Amsterdam Creole Studies II, Publikaties van het Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap no. 20. pp. 69-100.

Gilbert, Glenn G. 1986. ‘Oldendorp's History ... and other early creole materials in the Moravian archives in Herrnhut, East Germany’, in: The Carrier Pidgin, 10, 1 (April). pp. 5-7.

Goodman, Morris. 1985. ‘The Origin of Virgin Island Creole Dutch’, in: Pieter Muysken & Norval Smith (eds) Amsterdam Creole Studies VIII, Publikaties van het Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap no. 48. pp. 67-106.

Goodman, Morris. 1987. ‘The Portuguese Element in the American Creoles.’, in: Glenn G. Gilbert (ed) Pidgin and Creole Languages. Essays in Memory of John E. Reinecke. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 361-405.

>	NH is discussed on pp. 395-396. For a reaction with some alternative etymologies see den Besten (1989).

Goodman, Morris. 1988. ‘Review of Amsterdam Creole Studies IX, ed. by Hans den Besten’, in: Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 3, 2. pp. 288-291.

Grijzenhout, Janet. 1991. ‘Creoles and Historical Linguistics’. Unpublished paper, OTS Utrecht. 12 pp.

Gritter, Gert. 1993. Van oerklank tot moedertaal, over de ontwikkeling van het Nederlands. Utrecht/Antwerpen: Kosmos/Zomer & Keuning.

>	EN: From primal scream to mother tongue.
>	Contains a chapter called ‘Het Negerhollands van de Deense Antillen’ on pp. 116-118.

Hale, Mark Robert. (translator). J.M. Magens grammar of the Creole language in use on the three Danish Islands, St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. Johns, in America. Unpublished manuscript.

>	A translation of Magens (1770) preceded by an interesting introduction. Unfortunately, the translation of the grammar part and the proverbs section is marred by errors.

Hancock, Ian F. 1969. ‘A Provisional Comparison of the English-Derived Atlantic Creoles’. In: Sierra Leone Language Review, 8, pp. 7-72.

>	Hancock suggests early English influence on the lexicon of Negerhollands.

Hancock, Ian F. 1980. ‘Gullah and Barbadian: Origin and Relationships.’ In: American Speech, 35, 1, pp. 17-35.

>	Hancock suggests a West African origin for Negerhollands.

Hewlett, Jocelyn. ‘Native Virgin Islander is one of a kind - she speaks Dutch Creole fluently’. in: The Daily News, Monday, July 15, 1985. St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands.

[p. 311]

Hinskens, Frans & Cefas van Rossem. Forthcoming. ‘The Negerhollands word sender in 18th century manusripts’, paper from the SPCL conference of june 1993 in Amsterdam to appear in: Jacques Arends (ed), [Creolization: the early stages, papers presented at the workshop held in Amsterdam, 4-5 September 1992], Creole Language Library 13. Amsterdam/Philadephia: John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Holm, John. 1988-1989. Pidgins and creoles. Volume I: Theory and structure, Volume II: Reference survey [Cambridge Language Surveys], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

>	Negerhollands is often touched upon in Volume I, and a section is devoted to Negerhollands in Volume II on pp. 325-328.

Larsen, Jens [P.M.]. 1950. Virgin Islands Story; a History of The Lutheran State Church, Other Churches, Slavery, Education, and Culture in the Danish West Indies, now the Virgin Islands. Philadelphia: Muhlenberg Press. xii, 250 pp.

>	Reinecke (1975:320, nr. 26).
>	This book contains chapters on language called ‘The Negro Dutch Creole Dialect’ on pp. 102-111, and ‘Translations and Publications’ on pp. 112-128.

Lawaetz, Eva. 1980. Black Education in the Danish West Indies from 1732 to 1853, The Pioneering Efforts of the Moravian Brethren, St. Croix: St. Croix Friends of Denmark Society.

>	Here, in appendix E, a translation of the introduction to Magens' (1770) Grammar is given.
>	Information on Negerhollands works by Danes seems to be gleaned from Larsen (1950), as can be inferred from her similar claims about the works of Kingo and Wold.

Makhudu, Dennis P. 1984. Is Afrikaans a creole language. MA thesis, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.

>	A reassessment of Markey's comparison of Afrikaans with Negerhollands and the Atlantic creoles (Markey 1982a). Three variants of Afrikaans with varying degrees of creoleness are distinguished, among which the pidgin variant Flytaal.

Markey, Thomas L. 1982a. ‘Afrikaans: creole or non-creole?’. In: Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik. IL Jahrgang, Heft 2, pp. 169-207.

>	A comparison of Negerhollands and Afrikaans on the basis of a list of creole features.

Markey, Thomas L. 1982b. [Brief citation of Markey on Oldendorp's Mission History and on Moravian Archives in The Carrier Pidgin, 10, 4 (December): 4-5.]

Muysken, Pieter. 1988. The Binding Theory and Creolization: Evidence from 18th Century Negerhollands. A paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Caribbean Linguistics. Nassau, Bahamas.

Muysken, Pieter. 1995. ‘Studying variation in older texts: Negerhollands’, in: Journal of Pidgins and Creole Languages, 10 (1995) 2, pp. 335-347.

[p. 312]

Muysken, Pieter and Hein van der Voort. 1991. ‘The Binding Theory and Creolization: Evidence form 18th Century Negerhollands Reflexives’, in: Development and Structures of Creole Languages, Essays in honor of Derek Bickerton. Edited by Francis Byrne and Thom Huebner. Amsterdam/Philadephia: John Benjamins Publishing Co. pp. 145-159. Published as Vol. 9 of the series Creole Language Library.

Nieuwenhuijzen, Maroesjka van. 1993. De invloed van het Zeeuws op het Negerhollands. Unpublished paper supervised by Norval Smith. Institute for General Linguistics, University of Amsterdam. 19 pp.

>	EN: The influence of Zealandic on Negerhollands.

Nowak, Elke & Peter Stein. 1993. ‘Die Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine [Excurs im Artikel “Christian David”]’ in: Herbert E. Brekle et al., Bio-bibliographisches Handbuch der Grammatiker, Lexicographen und Sprachtheoretiker des 18. Jahrhunderts, Tübingen: Niemeyer, Vol. 2. pp. 206-209.

>	EN: The Herrnhut Brethren.

Ponelis, F.A. 1988. ‘Afrikaans en Taalversteuring’, in: Tydskrif vir Geestenswetenskappe 28, 2. pp. 119-149.

>	EN: Afrikaans and language disturbance.
>	Section 5 is devoted to a comparison of Afrikaans with Negerhollands (p. 132-142). Reference is made to Markey (1982a). In an appendix three Negerhollands stories from de Josselin de Jong (1926) with translations into Afrikaans (p. 145-149).

Reinecke, John E. 1975. ‘58. Negerhollands: Virgin Island Creole Dutch’, in: A Bibliography of Pidgin and Creole Languages [‘Compiled by John E. Reinecke, in collaboration with David DeCamp, Ian F. Hancock, Stanley M. Tsuzaki, Richard E. Wood and with the generous assistance of many more.’], [Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications]. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. pp. 318-321.

Robertson, Ian E. 1989. ‘A comparative wordlist of Berbice Dutch, Skepi Dutch and Negerhollands.’, in: Tijdschrift voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde 105. pp. 3-21.

Rossem, Cefas van. 1996. ‘The particle so in 18th century Negerhollands: typical Dutch or genuine Negerhollands’, to appear in: P. Baker & A. Syea (eds) Grammaticalization in Pidgins and Creoles. London.

Rossem, Cefas van. Forthcoming a. ‘Het Negerhollands, Negerzeeuws of Negervlaams?’, to appear in: Jaap van Marle & Jan B. Berns (eds) Nederlands overzee. Amsterdam: P.J. Meertens-Instituut.

>	EN: Negro-Dutch, Negro-Zealandic or Negro-Flemish?

[p. 313]

Rossem, Cefas van. Forthcoming b. ‘Negerhollands’, in: Stephen Wurm (ed), Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific Hemisphere, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Rossem, Cefas van & Hein van der Voort. 1993. ‘Negerhollands’, in: Frank Drijkoningen & Kees Hengeveld (eds) Linguistics in the Netherlands 1993, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 105-115.

Sabino, Robin. 1979. A Selected Bibliography of Materials on Language Varieties Spoken in the Virgin Islands. Mimeo. {*}

>	At least one copy exists on St. Thomas, Bureau of Libraries and Archives.

Sabino, Robin. 1986. ‘Another Step towards a Characterization of the Negerhollands Tense and Aspect Particles.’, in: Hans den Besten (ed), pp. 47-71.

Sabino, Robin. 1988. ‘The Copula in Vernacular Negerhollands’, in: Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 3. pp. 199-212.

Sabino, Robin. 1990. Towards a Phonology of Negerhollands: An Analysis of Phonological Variation. University of Pennsylvania. Diss.

Sabino, Robin. 1993. ‘On onsets: Explaining Negerhollands initial clusters’, in: Atlantic meets Pacific, A Global View of Pidginization and Creolization. Edited by F. Byrne and John Holm. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. pp. 37-44.

Sabino, Robin. 1994. ‘They just fade away: Language death and the loss of phonological variation’, in: Language in Society 23, pp. 495-526.

Sabino, Robin & D. Graff. 1984. /H/Insertion in Negerhollands: The Pronoun Alternates Ham and Am. Paper presented at the Fifth Biennial conference of the Society for Carribean Linguistics, Mona, Jamaica. {*}

Sprauve, Gilbert A. 1976a. ‘Chronological implications of discontinuity in spoken and written Dutch Creole’, in: New directions in creole studies. G. Cave, ed. Georgetown: Society for Caribbean Linguistics.

Sprauve, Gilbert A. 1976b. ‘Bilingualism and phonological filtration in the Dutch and English Creoles of the Virgin Islands’, in: Journal of the College of the Virgin Islands 2. pp. 5-19.

Sprauve, Gilbert A. 1981. ‘Pre- and post-emancipation language development in the Virgin Islands’, in: Freedom's Flame, St. Thomas: Bureau off Libraries, Museums and Archeological Services.

[p. 314]

Sprauve, Gilbert A. 1985. [Press release announcing a cassette tape containing segments of Negerhollands fieldwork sessions with informant Mrs. Alice Stevens], Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas: College of the Virgin Islands. 3 pp.

Sprauve, Gilbert A. 1985. Maritšimát en Stédifi, the story of Black Witch and Ground Dove as told by Mrs. Alice Stevens [Cassette tape and transcription in Negerhollands and English]. St. Thomas: College of the Virgin Islands.

Sprauve, Gilbert A. 1990. ‘Dutch Creole/English Creole distancing: historical and contemporary data considered’, in: International Journal of Soc. Lang. 85. pp. 41-50.

Sprauve, Gilbert A., Vincent O. Cooper and Karen Villesvik. 1984. From Oldendorp to Koelle; Towards an Analysis of Virgin Islands Historical African Linguistic Data. Paper prepared for Conference of the Society of Caribbean Linguistics, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica, August. 28 pp.

Stein, Peter. 1982a. ‘Quelques dates nouvelles de l' histoire du mot créole’, in: Etudes Créoles 5. pp. 162-165.

>	EN: Some new data on the history of the word creole.

Stein, Peter. 1982b. ‘Die Kreolischen Lieder des Weihnachtsgottesdienstes von 25. Dezember 1754 in St. Thomas’, in: Unitas Fratrum 12. pp. 106-112.

>	EN: Creole hymns of the Christmas service.

Stein, Peter. 1984. ‘Die ersten “Kreolisten”: Die Herrnhuter Missionare im 18. Jahrhundert auf Sankt Thomas’, in: Unitas Fratmm, Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Gegenwartsfragen der Brüdergemeine 15. pp. 53-63.

>	EN: The first creolists.

Stein, Peter. 1985a. ‘Die Anfänge der Verschriftung einer Kreolsprache: das Negerhollands im 18.Jahrhundert’, in: Entstehung von Sprachen und Völkern, Glotto- und ethnogenetische Aspekte enropäischer Sprachen, Akten des 6. Symposions über Sprachkontakt in Europa, Mannheim 1984. Herausgegeben von P. Sture Ureland. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 437-457.

>	EN: The beginning of the writing of a creole language.

Stein, Peter. 1985b. ‘Bemerkungen zur Edition der “Sklavenbriefe” aus St.Thomas, 1737-1768, (Kurzfassung)’, in: Boretzky, Norbert, Werner Enninger & Thomas Stolz (eds). Akten des 1. Essener Kolloquiums über ‘Kreolsprachen und Sprachkontakte’ vom 26. 1. 1985 an der Universität Essen. Essen. pp. 135-142.

>	EN: Remarks on the edition of the ‘Slave Letters’.

Stein, Peter. 1986a. ‘Les premiers créolistes: Les Frères Moraves à St. Thomas au XVIII^e siècle’, in: Hans den Besten (ed), pp. 3-18.

>	EN: The first creolists.

[p. 315]

Stein, Peter. 1986b. ‘The Documents concerning the Negro-Dutch Language of the Danish Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John - Negerhollands -, in the Unitäts-Archiv (Archives of the Moravian Brethren) at Herrnhut. A Commented Bibliography.’, in: Hans den Besten (ed), pp. 19-31.

Stein, Peter. 1986c. ‘An Example from the Dutch Creole of St. Thomas, spoken by the Moravian Missionaries at the end of the 18th century: “Eine Rede an die Kinder” (A speech to the children) from July 11/12, 1796 (UA: NB VII R3, 6D; part of 3.3.1.5). Edited, with an introduction by, Peter Stein’, in: Hans den Besten (ed), pp. 33-42.

Stein, Peter. 1989. ‘When Creole Speakers Write the Standard Language: an Analysis of the Earliest Slave Letters from St. Thomas’, in: Wheels within Wheels: Papers of the Duisburg Symposium on Pidgin and Creole Languages. [Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft 5]. Edited by Martin Pütz and René Dirven. Frankfurt/Bern: Lang. pp. 153-178.

Stein, Peter. 1990. ‘II. Besprechungsaufsatz zu Th. Stolz (1986), Auf der Suche nach einem kreolischen Sprachwandelmodell’, in: Indogermanische Forschungen 95. pp. 208-216.

>	EN: Review of Stolz (1986).

Stein, Peter. 1991 ‘Die Kodifizierung des Negerhollands durch die Herrnhuter Missionare im 18. Jahrhundert’, in: Eijiro Iwasaki (ed) Akten des VIII. Internationalen Germanisten-Kongresses, Tokyo 1990: Begegung mit dem ‘Fremden’, Grenzen - Traditionen - Vergleiche, Band 3 Sprachgeschichte, sprachkontakte im germanischen Sprachraum, München: Iudicium. pp. 186-197.

>	EN: Codification of Negerhollands by the Moravians.

Stein, Peter. 1992a. ‘Johann Böhner’ in: Herbert E. Brekle et al., Bio-bibliographisches Handbuch der Grammatiker, Lexicographen und Sprachtheoretiker des 18. Jahrhunderts, Tübingen: Niemeyer, Vol. 1. pp. 306-308.

Stein, Peter. 1992b. ‘The Beginning of Creole Writing and Teaching in the 18th Century on the (formerly Danish) Virgin Islands, St Thomas, St John and St Croix’, in: Pidgins and Creoles in Education (PACE) Newsletter 3, November. pp. 4-6.

Stein, Peter. Forthcoming a. Oldendorp Manuskript eines Negerholländischen Wörterbuches. Tübingen: Niemeyer Verlag.

>	EN: Oldendorp manuscript of a Negerhollands dictionary.

Stein, Peter. Forthcoming b. ‘... and they only remembered and used it when they succeeded to give it a sense’, in: Jacques Arends (ed.), Creolization: the early Stages, papers presented at the workshop held in Amsterdam, 4-5 September 1992, Creole Language Library 13. Amsterdam/Philadephia: John Benjamins Publishing Co.

[p. 316]

Stein, Peter, & Hartmut Beck. In preparation. [Kommentierte Ausgabe der Sklavenbriefe aus St. Thomas 1737-1768]. {*}

>	EN: Commented edition of the Slave Letters.

Stein, Peter & Hans-Werner Eroms. In preparation. [Synoptische Edition der drei Grammatiken des Negerhollands aus dem 18. Jahrhundert]. {*}

>	EN: Synoptic edition of the three Negerhollands grammars.

Stolz, Thomas. 1983. ‘The Prosodic Properties of Negro-Dutch. On the interrelationship between stress, pitch, vowel quality, and vowel quantity’, in: Norval Smith & Pieter Muysken (eds), Amsterdam Creole Studies V, Publikaties van het Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap no 36. pp. 53-92.

Stolz, Thomas. 1984a. ‘A Short Report on the Actual State of the Computer-Aided Analysis of Negro-Dutch (ND)’, in: Pieter Muysken & Norval Smith (eds), Amsterdam Creole Studies VII, Publikaties van het Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap no. 44. pp. 31-35.

Stolz, Thomas. 1984b. ‘Two Chapters in Negro-Dutch (ND) Etymology. (1) The Danish share in the ND-lexicon (2) Which forms should ND-verbs be derived from?’, in: Amsterdam Creole Studies VII, Publikaties van het Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap no. 44. pp. 35-52.

Stolz, Th[omas]. 1986. Gibt es das kreolische Sprachwandelmodell? Vergleichende Grammatik des Negerhöllandischen. Frankfurt a.M., Bern, New York: Peter Lang.

>	EN: Does the creole model of language change exist?

Stolz, Thomas. 1987a. ‘Kreolistik und Germanistik: Niederländisch-basierte Sprachformen in Übersee’, in: Linguistische Berichte, 110. pp. 283-318.

>	EN: Overseas Dutch-based language forms.

Stolz, Thomas. 1987b. ‘Verbale Morphosyntax im Berbice und Negerhollands: Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Grammatik der niederländisch-basierten Überseesprachen’, in: Varia Creolica, Essener Beiträge zur Sprachwandelforschung Bd.3, ed. by Philippe Maurer & Thomas Stolz. Bochum: Studienverlag Dr. N. Brockmeyer. pp. 167-204.

>	EN: Contribution to comparative grammar of Dutch-based overseas languages.

Stolz, Thomas, & Peter Stein. 1986. ‘Language and History in the Former Danish Antilles: Non-Linguistic Evidence for a Diachronic Description of the Negro-Dutch Language’, in: Hans den Besten (ed), pp. 103-122.

Taylor, Douglas. 1977. Languages of the West Indies, Baltimore/London: The John Hopkins University Press.

>	On pp. 250-252 of this work, a list of 100 Negerhollands words is ‘compiled from diverse unphonemicized sources’.

[p. 317]

Valls. Lito. 1981. What a pistarckle! A dictionary of Virgin Islands English Creole. St. John, U.S.V.I.: unkn.pub.

>	The subtitle on the title page has ‘glossary’, instead of ‘dictionary’.
>	The dictionary contains many Negerhollands words, but sometimes they are not identified as such, for instance pistarckle < DU spektakel ‘excitement’.

Vibaek, Jens. 1953. ‘Dansk Vestindien 1755-1848, Vestindiens Storhedstid’, in: Brøndsted, Johannes (ed). Vore Gamle Tropekolonier. Copenhagen: Westermanns Forlag, II. 2nd ed. Copenhagen: Fremad, 1966, Bind 2.

>	EN: Danish West India.
>	Linguistic information is found on pp. 266-270 and 554 in the 1953 edition and 195-203 and 349-351 in the 1966 edition.

Voort, Hein van der. Forthcoming. ‘Vestindisk Glossarium’, to appear in: Peter Stein, Oldendorp Manuskript eines Negerholländischen Wörterbuches. Niemeyer Verlag.

Voort, Hein van der & Pieter Muysken. Forthcoming. ‘18th century Negerhollands reflexives revisited’, in: Jacques Arends (ed), [Creolization: the early stages, papers presented at the workshop held in Amsterdam, 4-5 September 1992], Creole Language Library 13. Amsterdam/Philadephia: John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Vries, J.W. de, et al. 1993. Het verhaal van een taal, negen eeuwen Nederlands, Amsterdam: Prometheus.

>	EN: Nine centuries of Dutch.
>	In this history of the Dutch language, Berbice Dutch and Negerhollands are also shortly dealt with, on pp. 277-279.

Werkgem, Fienie G. van. 1994. ‘Weg van het Nederlands’, in: Dubbel Nederlands, 23 opstellen voor Simon C. Dik. pp. 75-79.

>	EN: Away from Dutch.
>	This is a diverting presentation of some thoughts concerning the relatedness and distinction between Negerhollands and Dutch, in which material from Auerbach (1774) is contrasted with that from de Josselin de Jong (1926). Non-commercial limited edition.

Williams, Jeffrey. 1983. ‘Dutch and English Creole on the Windward Netherlands Antilles. An Historical Perspective’, in: Norval Smith & Pieter Muysken (eds), Amsterdam Creole Studies V, Publikaties van het Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap no. 36. pp. 93-112.

Williams, Jeffrey P. 1984. ‘Faithfulness of Replication: Eighteenth Century Dutch Creole Dialogues as Artifacts of Discourse’, in: Pieter Muysken & Norval Smith (eds), Amsterdam Creole Studies VII, Publikaties van het Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap no. 44. pp. 53-76.