|
| |
| |
| |
3 Printed work
A B C-boekje voor die Neger-Kinders na St. Thomas, St. Croix en St. Jan. [Barby, 1800.]. Barby: 1800. 12 pp.
| > | EN: ABC booklet for the Negro children. |
| > | Hesseling (1905:45): ‘13. A.B.C. Boekje voor die Negerkinders na St. Thomas, St. Croix en St. Jan, Barby, 1800.’ |
| > | Reinecke (1975:318, nr. o1) gives a partially incorrect title: Instead of ‘Neger-Kinders’, he has ‘negerkinderen’. |
| > | American Philosophical Society library. |
| > | Stein (1986b:25, nr. 2.3.1): ‘[anon.] ABC-boekje voor die Neger-Kinders na St. Thomas, St. Croix en St. Jan. Barby 1800, 10,5 × 17,6 cm, 12 pp.’ |
| > | UA: NBVII R3, 4a. |
ABC-boekje voor die neger-kinders na St. Thomas, St. Croix en St. Jan. Gnadau: 1825. 12 pp. {*}
| > | EN: ABC booklet for the Negro children. |
| > | This title is from Reinecke (1975:318, nr. o2), which is almost identical to the above work from 1800. Considering his rendering of that title, however, the 1800 and 1825 version may have been confused. |
| > | University of California library, Berkeley. |
Adelung, Johann Christoph. 1809. Mithridates oder: allgemeine Sprachenkunde mit dem Vater Unser als Sprachprobe in beynahe fünfhundert Sprachen und Mundarten. II. Berlin: Vossische Buchhandlung. pp. 252-253.
| > | EN: Mithridates: general linguistics. |
| > | This work contains the Lord's Prayer in all languages known to the author, including Negerhollands. Adelung contrasts the version from Magens (1781) with a Moravian translation from 1802. His remark, made in a footnote, that Negerhollands is a corrupted form of Dutch, is criticized by Rask (1932-3:123, see Rask after 1806). |
| > | UB: 477 E 26. |
Andersen, R[asmus]. 1889. Den Evangelisk-Lutherske Kirkes historie i Amerika. Fra dens begyndelse til nutiden. Brooklyn: Forfatterens Forlag [etc.]. xiii, 672 pp. {*}
| > | EN: History of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in America. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:318, nr. 3): ‘Includes history of its activities in V.I.’ |
Bergh, L. Ph. C. van den. 1840. ‘iets over het Neger-Hollandsch’, in: Taalkundig Magazijn of gemengde bijdragen tot de kennis der Nederduitsche taal [bijeenverzameld door A. de Jager], 3, 4th part. pp. 500-501.
| > | EN: Something about Negerhollands. |
| > | This is the first source of the name ‘Negerhollands’. |
| > | van den Bergh cites Adelung (1809) with both of the versions of the Lord's Prayer. |
[Brandt, Andreas Joachim]. 1799. Creol Psalm-Buk of een Vergaedering van Ouwe en nywe Psalmen na Creol-Spraek. [Kopenhagen, 1799. Prented bie Boas Brünnich]. Copenhagen: Boas Brünnich. 94 pp.
| |
| |
| > | EN: Creole hymn book. |
| > | DKB: DA.Box, 4-419, 07268, 12o. 90 pages containing 79 hymns, an appendix with the Litany, 2 1/2 pages register, and 1 1/2 pages Dryk-Vouten ‘printing errors’. |
| > | In view of the correspondence in the RA, Brandt, pastor of the Lutheran church in Christiansted, St. Croix, from 1792-1802, seems to be the author (RA, Koloniernes Centralbestyrelse, Kolonialkontoret, Gruppesager II-922, Salmebogssagen). Also the DKB catalogue mentions him. Deddens (1967, III) has also seen indications of this on the second page in a copy kept on St. Thomas. |
| > | Lose (1891:36) mentions Brandt as the author of this and of following editions, probably meaning 1823 (but see there) and 1827. Although 1823 contains many more hymns, those that it has in common with 1799 are almost perfectly identical. Probably not even the 1799 list of corrections on pages 93-4 was consulted. The contents of 1827 also are identical to 1823, but the spelling is sometimes a bit modernized and applied more consistently. Sometimes, a word is substituted. There are also many resemblances between these three editions and the anonymous 1770 hymnal (see the 1823 hymnal). |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. o11) from Larsen (1950:119): ‘Andreas Yoachim Brandt, Creole hymnal with litany, superseded Wold's 1770 hymnal.’ |
| > | Mentioned by Schuchardt (1914). |
| > | Vibaek (1953:554). |
[Creol altar book.] n.d. {*}
| > | EN: Creole altar book. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. o12): ‘A publication in Negerhollands, ca. 1800’, mentioned by Larsen (1950:120). |
Creol Psalm-Buk of een Vergaedring van Oûwe en nywe Psalmen na Creol-Sprack. [Kopenhagen, 1823. Prented bie C. Groebe]. Copenhagen: C. Graebe, 1823. 140 pp.
| > | EN: Creole hymn book. |
| > | Numbering from pp. 4-134; pp. 3-130 contains 109 hymns (of which no. 17 is incomplete); pp. 131-134 appendix with the Litany; six pages register. |
| > | DKB: DA.Box, 4-419, 07269, 8o. From the handwritten name on the first page it appears that this copy must have been in the possession of Oxholm. The incomplete hymn no. 17 of this copy has a handwritten reference to the end of the book: ‘vid:fin:lib: [see end of book]’. The first empty page at the end of the book contains the rest of hymn 17 in handwriting. |
| > | According to Lund's correspondence with the Danish Missionary Society kept in RA (RA, Privatinstituter. Det Danske Missions Selskab. Privatarkiv nr. 10.162. Pk. 324.), this hymnal is a re-edition of the 1770 one, enlarged with 30 hymns written by him in 1797. Quite remarkably, Lund says in a letter of 12 December 1822 that he does not know of any other hymnal than the 1770 edition (see Wold). Yet the 1823 one corresponds in several ways to the 1799 one by Brandt. In an 1827 edition, hymn 17 is completed in accord, except for minor spelling differences, with the text supplied in a letter by Lund of 3 June 1823. |
| > | The contents are identical to the 1827 edition except for small orthographic differences; the title page is a bit different and the size is smaller, and therefore contains more pages than 1827. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 6): ‘Translator unknown. 111 hymns translated from Danish. Schuchardt gives the 1st ed. as Copenhagen, 1799, with 94 pp.’ Reinecke's rendering of the title is slightly different: ‘creole tael’ instead of ‘Creol-Sprack’, and of the printer: ‘Groebe’ instead of ‘Graebe’. |
| > | In Newberry Library. |
| > | Larsen (150:120) says it replaced Brandt's hymnal. |
| > | In Vibaek mentioned with same title as (Brandt 1799). |
| > | In DKB catalogue mentioned as same book as Brandt (1799) but as written by Praetorius. |
| |
| |
Creol Psalm-Buk, of een Vergaedering van Oûwe en nywe Psalmen na Creol-Tael. [Kopenhagen, 1827. Ka prent bie C. Graebe]. Copenhagen: C. Graebe, 1827. 127 pp.
| > | EN: Creole hymn book. |
| > | Numbering from pp. 4-121; pp. 3-117 contains 109 hymns; pp. 118-121 appendix with the Litany; six pages register. |
| > | The contents are identical to 1823 except for small orthographic differences, the title page is a bit different and the size is larger, allowing for fewer pages than 1823. Hymn 17 is completed (except for minor spelling differences) in accordance with the text supplied in a letter by Lund of 3 June 1823. |
| > | DKB: DA.Box, 4-419, 07270, 8o. |
| > | According to Vibaek (1953:554) same title as 1799, but with J.J. Praetorius as author. There is nothing that points to this author, however. |
| > | In DKB catalogue this one is mentioned as same book as Brandt (1799) and written by Praetorius. |
Creol Psalm-Buk, of een Vergaedring van Oûwe en nywe Psalmen na Creol-Tael. [Kopenhagen, 1834. Ka prent bie P.T. Brünnich]. Copenhagen: P.T. Brünnich, 1834. 121 + 6 pp.
| > | EN: Creole hymn book. |
| > | Schuchardt (1914:124) also mentions this edition. This must then be the fourth edition or the fifth (when Brandt 1799 is included) of 1770. This is an exact copy of 1827. Note that likewise, Praetorius' catechism-and-textbook of 1834 is identical to the one from 1827. Furthermore, both works from 1827, then printed at C. Graebe, were reprinted in 1834 at P.T. Brünnich, and each in an issue of 1000 copies (as appears from an account of 10 November 1834 in RA, Koloniernes Centralbestyrelse, Kolonialkontoret, Gruppesager II. 922 Salmebogssagen). |
| > | According to Vibaek the third edition of 1799 must be from 1827 but no reference is made to a 1834 edition. [also Deddens III, p. 281]. |
| > | According to Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 7), this is a second edition but he does not indicate which one is the first (probably 1827). |
| > | DKB: DA.Box, 4-419, 07271, 8o. |
| > | In Newberry Library. |
Creool Psalm-buk voor die Deen Missioon na Westindien. 1770. 1770. unkn. aut.
| > | EN: Creole hymn book. |
| > | DKB: DA.Box, 4-419, 07264, 8o, is also found as the third part of Wold. |
| > | Numbering from pp. 4-68: pp. 3-5 is the Litany; pp. 6-68 contain hymns; two pages register. |
| > | The orthography sometimes looks old-fashioned in comparison to that of the other hymnals, and the size is much smaller. Still there are so many resemblances between this hymnal and the 1799, 1823 and 1827/34 ones that one should probably speak of a sequence of re-editions that is ultimately based on the 1770 hymnal. See under Wold for further details about authorship. |
Dewitz, A[ugust Karl Ludwig] von. 1882. In Dänisch-Westindien. Hundert und fünfzig Jahre der Brüdermission in St. Thomas, St. Croix und St. Jan. Niesky: Direction der Brüdergemeinde. viii, 374 pp. {*}
| > | EN: 150 years of Brethren Mission. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. o15). |
Dewitz, A[ugust Karl Ludwig] von. 1889, 1907. In Dänisch-Westindien. Anfänge der Brüdermission in St. Thomas, St. Croix und St. Jan, von 1732-1760. Herrnhut: Missionanstalt der Ev. Brüderunität. 2 Volumes. 322 and 372 pp. {*}
| > | EN: Beginnings of the Brethren Mission. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 16). |
| |
| |
D[octor]. Martin Luther sie klein Catechismus na veif part. [1770.] unkn. aut., unkn. pl., unkn. publ., 1770. 32 pp.
| > | EN: Luther's Smaller Catechism. |
| > | This work was only encountered as the second part of Wold (1770, see there). |
[Evangelienharmonie. This is Samuel Lieberkühn's (Stein 1991) Die Geschichte unsers Herrn und Heilandes Jesu Christi aus den vier Evangelien zusammen gezogen. (The history of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, drawn together from the four gospels.) Gnadau: Buchhandlung der Evangelischen Brüder-Unität, Chr. Ernst Genft, 1820 (preface is dated 1768).
| > | This is the Moravian Harmony of Gospels, a compilation of everything written by the four evangelists on the life of Christ combined into one story. This entry as such has nothing to do with Negerhollands, but it was the basis for many translations into Negerhollands, notably Johann Böhner's. |
Fortryk af Matthaeus Evangeliums første Ark. Copenhagen. {*}
| > | EN: Preprint of the first sheet of Matthew. |
| > | Vibaek (1953:554): ‘Med følgende paategning i det kgl. bibl.s eksemplar: “de første ark af det nye testamentes oversaettelse i det creolske for de kgl. danske øer i Vestindien; men da den befandtes at vaere mere hollandsk, blev ej videre deraf trykt”. [With the following note on the DKB copy: “the first sheet(s) of the translation of the New Testament; but because it was considered too Dutch, no more of it was printed”].’ |
| > | From Hesseling (1905:38) it appears that this preprint, and the one from 1779, may be located under no. 4626 in the Thottean Collection (Bibliothecae Tottianae/Thottske Samling) of the DKB. |
Fortryk af Matthaeus Evangeliums første Ark. Copenhagen: 1779. {*}
| > | EN: Preprint of the first sheet of Matthew. |
| > | Vibaek (1953:554): ‘de første ark af det creolske nye testamente, trykt 1779, hvoraf intet videre udkom, siden oversaettelsen var mest hollandsk [the first sheet(s) of the New Testament, printed 1779, of which nothing more was issued, as the translation was too Dutch].’ |
Gebeden en Liederen voor die swart Broeder-Gemeenten na S. Thomas, S. Croix en S. Jan. 1765. unkn. pl., unkn. pub.
| > | EN: Prayers and Hymns. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. o17), as in Hesseling. |
| > | Hesseling 1905:43): ‘8. Gebeden en Liederen voor die swart Broedergemeenten van St. Thomas, unkn.pl. 1765.’ |
| > | Stein (1986b:27, nr. 3.1.3). |
| > | UA: NBVII R3, 5a. is an incomplete copy of 40 pages. |
| > | DKB, Copenhagen: DA Box, 4-419, 07262, 8o. Contains Danish handwritten remarks about the melodies to be used. Page numbering from pp. 4-71. This is a complete copy containing 71 pages. |
Die Geskiednis van ons Heere en Heiland Jesus Christus, soo as die vier Evangelist sender ka skriev die op. New York: Printed by the American Tract Society for the United Brethren's Mission in the Danish West-India Islands, 1333 [1833]. 348 pp.
| > | EN: History of our Lord. |
| > | Stein (1986b:28, nr. 3.1.10): ‘[Böhner, Johann]’. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 18): ‘“1333” must be “1833”’. |
| > | In Library of Congress. |
| > | UA: R3, 6c. |
| |
| |
Ginneken, Jac[obus] van. 1913. Handboek der Nederlandsche taal, Deel I. De sociologische structuur der Nederlandsche taal I. Nijmegen: L.C.G. Malmberg. vii, 552 pp.
| > | EN: Handbook of Dutch, Sociological structure. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:321, nr. 40): ‘p. 238-260 on Negerhollands.’ |
| > | 2nd edition. Nijmegen: L.C.G. Malmberg, 1928. viii, 357 pp. Reinecke (1975:321, nr. 41): ‘p. 238-258 on Negerhollands.’ |
Hesseling, D[irk] C[hristiaan]. 1905. ‘Het Negerhollands der Deense Antillen’, in: De Gids 69, I. pp. 283-306.
| > | EN: Negerhollands of the Danish Antilles. |
Hesseling, D[irk] C[hristiaan]. 1905. Het Negerhollands der Deense Antillen. Bijdrage tot de geschiedenis der Nederlandse taal in Amerika. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff. x, 290 pp.
| > | EN: Negerhollands of the Danish Antilles. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 20). |
Hesseling, D[irk] C[hristiaan]. 1914. ‘Naschrift’, in: Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde 33. pp. 135-140.
| > | EN: Postscript. |
| > | This appendix to Schuchardt's (1914) article contains the Dutch translation of the Negerhollands letter A. Magens wrote to Schuchardt. |
Hesseling, D[irk] C[hristiaan]. 1914. ‘Aantekeningen’, in: Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde 33. pp. 140-142.
| > | EN: Notes. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 21): ‘Comments on Schuchardt (1914).’ |
Hesseling, D[irk] C[hristiaan]. 1933. ‘Papiaments en Negerhollands’, in: Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde 52. pp. 265-288.
| > | EN: Papiamentu and Negerhollands. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. 22). |
Hesseling, Dirk Christiaan. 1979. ‘Papiamentu and Negerhollands’. Translated by Thomas L. Markey and Paul T. Roberge. In: On the Origin and Formation of Creoles: A Miscellany of Articles Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers Inc., 1979. pp. 47-87.
| > | Translation of Hesseling, D[irk] C[hristiaan]. ‘Papiaments en Negerhollands’, in: Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde 52 (1933). pp. 265-288. |
Die Hoofd-inhoud van die leering van Jesus Christus, tot gebruk voor die neger-gemeenten, van die Evangelische Broeder-Kerk. Barby: 1785. 78 pp. {*}
| > | EN: Main contents of the teachings of Jesus Christ. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. 23). |
| > | In Newberry Library. |
| > | Hesseling (1905:45): ‘12. Die Hoofd-Inhoud van die Leering van Jesus Christus voor die Negergemeente van die Broeerkerk, Barby, 1785.’ |
| > | Stein (1986:28, nr. 3.1.7): ‘[anon.] die Hoofd-Inhoud van die Leering van Jesus Christus tot gebruk voor die NegerGemeenten van die Evangelische Broeer-Kerk. Barby: 1785, 78 pp.’ |
| |
| |
Josselin de Jong, J[an] P[etrus] B[enjamin] de. 1924. ‘Het Negerhollandsch van St. Thomas en St. Jan’, in: Mededelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen Afdeeling Letterkunde, Deel 57, Serie A, no. 3. pp. 55-71.
| > | EN: Negerhollands. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 13): ‘Contains much sociolinguistic material.’ |
Josselin de Jong, J[an] P[etrus] B[enjamin] de. 1926. Het huidige Negerhollandsch (teksten en woordenlijst). Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Academie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Nieuwe Reeks, Deel 26, no. 1. 124 pp.
| > | EN: Present-day Negerhollands. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 14): ‘Material gathered 1922-23. Texts in phonetic spelling; word list with English and Spanish loanwords indicated. The best firsthand source.’ |
Kingo, Johan Christopher Kørbitz Thomsen 1770. Kreool A, B, buk. Door J.C. Kingo. St. Thomas na Amerika d. 7. Julii 1770. [Di ka druk na Mester Daniel Thibou na St. Croix, 1770.] St. Croix: Daniel Thibou. 16 pp.
| > | EN: Creole AB book. |
| > | A language primer, containing also fragments from Luther's Smaller Cathechism, and two small fragments from the New Testament. |
| > | Hesseling (1905:34) never saw this work and doubts its existence: ‘... en verder een, mij onbekend gebleven, A.B.boekje dat in 1770 op S. Croix(!) verschenen zou zijn. [... and furthermore an A.B.booklet that is supposed to have been issued in 1770 on St. Croix (!), with which I have remained unacquainted.]’ |
| > | Vibaek suggests Christianssted as place of issue, as in 1769 Daniel Thibou founded the first print-shop on the Virgin Islands there. In his richly illustrated work Vibaek has also reprinted the title page and page 15. He has clearly used the copy from the royal library in Copenhagen. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. o24). |
| > | DKB: København: Hj.2244a DA Box. |
Koch, L. 1905. ‘Den danske mission i Vestindien’, in: Kirkehistoriske samlinger, 5.raekke, 3.bind, [Selskabet for Danmarks Kirkehistorie ved Holger Fr. Rørdam] Kjøbenhavn: G.E.C. Gad. pp. 144-180.
| > | EN: The Danish Mission in West India. |
| > | History of the Danish Lutheran Mission on the Virgin Islands, draws on information from Lose (1891), Lawaetz (1902) and archival documents. Gives bibliographic information on Negerhollands sources. Mentions the Orphanage fire in Copenhagen of 1795, that destroyed a great number of unpublished documents of the ‘Missionskollegium’ and the ‘Kirkeinspektion’. |
Lawaetz, H. 1902. Brødremenighedens Mission i Dansk-Vestindien 1769-1848, Bidrag til en charakteristik af Brødrekirken og dens gerning og af den farvede races stilling tol Christendommen [disp.], København: Otto B. Wroblewski.
| > | EN: The Moravian Mission in Danish West India. |
| > | Lawaetz was minister in Christianssted in the 1890s. Chapter 5 and 16 deal with the issue English (creole) against (Dutch) creole. |
Liturgie, de formulieren van doop en avondmaal en sommige liederen. 1761. {*}
| > | EN: Liturgy, formulary of baptism and communion and some hymns. |
| > | Hesseling (1905:43): ‘7. Een in 1761 gedrukt boekje, bevattende de liturgie, de formulieren van doop en avondmaal en sommige liederen.’ |
| |
| |
| > | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. o27): ‘Translated by the Moravians; the first book printed in Negerhollands. Several times revised.’ |
| > | Stein (1986b:26, nr. *3.1.2): ‘[anon.] Liturgie, die formulieren van doop en avondmaal en sommige liederen. unkn.pl., 1761.’ |
| > | We originally know this work only from Oldendorp (1777:914). Vibaek (1953:554) and Hesseling (1905:43) claim that the works ‘Liturgie’ (1761) and ‘Gebeden’ (1765) are sometimes confused by Oldendorp. In Stein (1986b) you can find two arguments against the possibility of a confusion: first, Oldendorp elsewhere (1777:971) gives the correct title of the work from 1765, which is different from the 1761 work; second, in Oldendorp's ‘Critical remarks’ on the edition by Bossart of his ‘Missionsgeschichte’ the passage mentioning the 1761 work is not criticized. The 1761 publication was never found, however. |
Lose, Emil Valdemar. 1891. ‘Kort Udsigt over den dansk-lutherske Missions Historie paa St. Croix, St. Thomas og St. Jan.’, in: Nordisk Missionstidsskrift, udgivet af J. Vahl, 1ste aargang. Kjøbenhavn: Hoffensberg & Trap's Etabl. I kommission hos Fr. Bertelsen, Bethesda]. pp. 1-37.
| > | EN: Short view of the Danish Lutheran mission history. |
| > | Overview of the history of the Danish Lutheran Mission on the Virgin Islands, draws mainly on archival documents, and gives bibliographic information on Negerhollands sources. |
Ludewig, Hermann E. 1858. ‘III. Negro-Dutch’ in: The Literature of American Aboriginal Languages [by Hermann E. Ludewig, with additions and corrections by professor WM. W. Turner, edited by Nicolas Trübner], London: Trübner and co. pp. 56-57.
| > | This is a bibliography containing references to: (Adelung) (1809), Kingo (1770), (Magens) (1770), (Magens) (1781) and Oldendorp (1777). It also mentions the hypothetical first printed work in Negerhollands from 1761 (see ‘Liturgie’). |
[Lund, T(h)orkild]. 1798. Leerboek na die Evangelis-kristelik Relisie tot Gebryk voor die Kooninglik Deen Mission-Kerk sender na Amerika. [Kopenhagen, 1798. Ka prent van Boekprenter K.H. Seidelin]. Copenhagen: K.H. Seidelin.
| > | EN: Textbook in the Evangelical Christian religion. |
| > | DKB: 3-443, 06095, 8o. No indication of author, but on the title page in this copy is handwritten: ‘Nb: Forfatteren er Torkild Lund, Provst og Missionair paa St. Thomas og St. Jan. [Nb. the writer is T.L., pastor and missionary on St.Thomas]’. On the inside of front cover is handwritten: ‘Johannes Lund 1862’, inside the back cover: ‘JH:D:Lund’. |
| > | From the correspondence kept in the RA (RA, Koloniernes Central-bestyrelse, Kolonialkontoret, Gruppesager II-922, Salmebogssagen), Lund clearly emerges as the author. Apparently 1970 copies were printed. Lose (1891:36) mentions Lund as the author in a footnote. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. o28), probably from Larsen (1950:119): Leerboch na die Evangeliskristelig relisie tot betryk yoor die Kooninglik Deen Missionskirk sender na Amerika. |
| > | Larsen translates the title as: ‘Reader of the Evangelical Christian Religion printed for the Royal Danish Missions in America’. |
Magens, A. [Letter from 23 February 1883 to Hugo Schuchardt, published by Schuchardt, with a translation into Dutch by Hesseling, in: ‘Zum Negerholländischen von St. Thomas.’, ‘Naschrift’ and ‘Aantekeningen’, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde 33 (1914). pp. 123-142.]
| > | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. 29). |
Magens, J[ochum] M[elchior]. 1770. Grammatica over det Creolske sprog, som bruges paa de trende Danske Eilande, St. Croix, St. Thomas og St. Jans i
| |
| |
Amerika. Sammenskrevet of opsat af en paa St. Thomas indföd Mand. [Kiøbenhavn, 1770. Trykt udi det Kongelige Wäysenhusets Bogtrykkerie, af Gerhard Giese Salikath]. Copenhagen: Gerhard Giese Salikath. 80 pp.
| > | EN: Grammar of the Creole language. |
| > | Hesseling (1905:36): ‘2. G.D.’. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. 30): ‘Grammar on Latin model, pp. 9-33; proverbs and sayings with Danish translation, 34-36; dialog with translation, 37-80.’ |
| > | Stein (1986b:24, nr. 2.1.1). |
| > | UA: K 94. |
| > | DKB: 47,-540,-8o. This copy also contains a handwritten proverb in Negerhollands on p. 36. The preface by Magens is from St. John, 24 April 1769. |
| > | The copy present in the Leyden University Library, 1483 D 47, is a handwritten copy, possibly by D.C. Hesseling himself. Printing errors are also copied and annotated by ‘sic’ in faint dotted characters. |
[Magens, Jochum Melchior]. 1781. Die Nywe Testament van ons Heer Jesus Christus ka set over in die Creols tael en ka giev na die ligt tot dienst van Die Deen Mission in America [Gedrykt in Copenhagen, 1781. Bie Die Erfgenamen van Godiche]. Copenhagen: Godiche. 10,9 × 18,7 cm, 1166 pp. numbered + 38 pp.
| > | EN: New Testament. |
| > | Translated by J.M. Magens. With a dedication to the king and a preface of 1 March 1781 by Bishop L. Harboe, E.J. Jessen-S., J. Hvid & A.P. Bartholin representing the General Church Inspection College, both in Danish and Negerhollands, and a foreword in Negerhollands by the translator. Divided into two parts: the four Gospels and Acts of the Apostles on pp. 1-672, Letters and Revelation of John on pp. 673-1166. The last page of the book contains a list of ten Dryk-Vouten ‘printing errors’. |
| > | According to Koch (1905:161) Wold and Alling helped with the translation. According to Lose (1891:24) Alling made an effort to get the ms. printed soon, and supervised the printing process while on sick leave in Denmark by making a fair copy of the ms. and providing corrections. |
| > | Hesseling (1905:37-39): ‘3.die Nywe Testament van ons Heer Jesus Christus ka set over in die Creolse Tael en ka giev na die Ligt tot dienst van die Deen Mission in America, gedrykt in Copenhagen 1781, bei die Erfgenamen van Godiche.’ |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 8). |
| > | In Newberry Library. |
| > | Stein (1986b:27, nr. 3.1.5). |
| > | In Stolz (1986) by mistake attributed to L. Harboe and assumed to have been published in St. Thomas. |
| > | UA: NBVII R3, 1a. |
| > | UBL: 727 E 33. |
[Magens Jochum Melchior]. 1818. Die Nywe Testament van ons Heer Jesus Christus ka set over in die Creols tael en ka giev na die ligt tot dienst van Die Deen Mission in America [Die tweede edition. Gedrykt in Copenhagen, 1818. Bie Die Erfgenamen van Schultz]. Copenhagen: Schultz. 1166 pp. numbered + 20pp.
| > | EN: New Testament, second edition. |
| > | No Negerhollands translations of the dedication and the preface. Hesseling points out that the ten printing errors are restored in the second edition, but that a multitude of new errors was added. |
| > | From the correspondence kept in the State Archive in Copenhagen this edition appears to comprise 1200 copies (RA, Koloniernes Centralbestyrelse, Kolonialkontoret, Gruppesager II-922, Salmebogssagen). |
| |
| |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 9): ‘A cheaper edition. For history of the translation see the summary in Larsen (1950), pp. 115-119.’ Note, however, that Larsen confuses missionary Hans Salling with missionary Niels Alling on page 116. |
| > | In Newberry Library. |
| > | Stein (1986b:28, nr. 3.1.9): ‘die Nywe Testament .... Copenhagen (Godiche) 21818.’ |
| > | UA: NBVII R3, 6a. |
| > | UB: 1059 C 18. |
| > | UBL: 2545 E 45 or 97 E 21, copy that has belonged to D.C. Hesseling. |
Meer, Marten Jan van der. 1927. Historische Grammatik der niederländischen Sprache. 1. Band: Einleitung und Lautlehre. Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung. pp. xxxiv-xl: ‘Das Negerhöllandische’.
| > | EN: Historical grammar of Dutch. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:316, nr. 2). |
Die Nieuwe Testament van ons Heere en Heiland Jesus Christus, na Creol-Taal. Barby: 1802. [4], 812, [8] pp.
| > | EN: New Testament. |
| > | The last eight pages (not numbered) contain corrections of errors and misprintings, very interesting for the researcher of early orthography and the liturgical variety of Negerhollands. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. 10): ‘Translation by Johan Bøhmer, revised by Gov. Thomas de Malleville.’ |
| > | In Newberry Library. |
| > | Hesseling (1905:44-45): ‘11. Die Nieuwe Testament na Creol Taal, Barby, 1802. 8o. 812 blz.’ |
| > | Stein (1986b:28, nr. 3.1.8): ‘largely based on Böhner's translation of the Evangelienharmonie’ (see his mss. 3.1.10, 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3 and 3.2.4). |
| > | UA: NBVII R3, 6a. |
| > | UBL: 2725 G 11. |
Oldendorp, C[hristian] G[eorg] A[ndreas]. 1777. C.G.A. Oldendorps Geschichte der Mission der evangelischen Brueder auf den caraibischen Inseln S. Thomas, S. Croix und S. Jan. Herausgegeben durch Johannes Jakob Bossart. Barby: Christian Friedrich Laur. 2 volumes in one. 1068, [44] pp.
| > | EN: History of the Moravian Mission. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. 32). |
| > | In Newberry Library. |
| > | UBA: 2452 F 5 and 1206 D 6 |
| > | Hesseling (1905:44): ‘10. Taalproeven (spreekwoorden en de apostoliese geloofsbelijdenis met de verklaring van Luther) meegedeeld door Oldendorp (pp. 432, 434-436). [Language samples (proverbs and the apostolian article of faith with the explanation of Luther) mentioned by Oldendorp]’. |
Oldendorp, C.G.A. 1987. C.G.A. Oldendorp's History of the Mission of the Evangelical Brethren on the Caribbean Islands of St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John, edited by Johann Jakob Bossard, English Edition and Translation: A Caribbean Mission by Arnold R. Highfield and Vladimir Barac. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers Inc.
| > | The publication year of the German original mentioned overleaf the title page, 1770, is incorrect. |
Oxholm, J.N. 1822. Bibel voor Kinders of Bibels Spreek met kort opmuntringen voor opmerksame Kinders set over na die Creols Tael van J.N. Oxholm Deen
| |
| |
Dominie en Missionarius in St. Crux en Inspector over die Deen Westindis Eilanden. [Kopenhamn]. Copenhagen. 60 pp.
| > | EN: Bible for children. |
| > | This is a collection of short quotations from the Testaments, each one provided with an explanation of about one page by the author. |
| > | Mentioned in Schuchardt (1914:124) as quite entbehrlich ‘dispensable’ for the study of Negerhollands as it would not give a dependable picture. |
| > | DKB: 1-460-8o. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. 33) mentions the size as 12o. |
| > | In Newberry Library. |
| > | Mentioned also in Lose (1891:37) and Larsen (1950:119). |
Pontoppidan, E[rik]. 1881. ‘Einige Notizen über die Kreolensprache der dänisch-westindischen Inseln’, in: Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 13. pp. 130-138. Berlin.
| > | EN: Some notes on Virgin Islands Creole. |
| > | Hesseling (1905:40-41): ‘6. Taalproeven meegedeeld door Dr. E. Pontoppidan (Zeitschrift für Ethnologie XIII (1881), blz. 135-138.)’ Note that Hesseling does not give number 135 as the first page; page numbers refer to those pages he cites in his appendix. Number 135 is interpreted as a first page number, however, in Vibaek. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. 34). |
| > | Pontoppidan includes three sources of Negerhollands; one is a copy of the 14th chapter of Matthew taken from Magens (1781), and the other two, proverbs (that were copied in Adams Graves 1977) and an informal conversation, are of great value because they were recorded from late 19th-century Negerhollands speakers of St. Thomas by Pontoppidan himself. |
Praetorius, Johannes Jacob. 1827. Dr. Marten Luther sie klein Katechismus ka set ower na die Creol Tael van J.J. Praetorius, Miss: ord: na St. Thomas en St. Jan in Amerika. [Kopenhagen, 1827. Ka prent bie C. Graebe]. Copenhagen: C. Graebe. 16 pp.
| > | EN: Small Catechism. |
| > | DKB: 3-408-8o, 05338 (1827 edition). |
| > | BUH: TH bis 29970. (1827 edition), 16 pages, in one volume with Evangelis Kristelik Leering-buk, 72 pages, total of 88 pages. |
| > | DKB: 3-408-8o, 05339 (1834 edition, same author and same place, but ‘Ka prent bie P.T. Brünnich’). |
| > | Hesseling (1905:39, nr. 4) presumes that the reference to this book in Gaidoz contains a wrong year (1829): ‘dit boekje wordt geciteerd door H. Gaidoz in de Revue Critique 1881, II, blz. 167, als verschenen in 1829; ik vermoed dat het jaartal een drukfout bevat, van een tweede druk gewaagt Gaidoz niet.’ |
| > | Reinecke (1975:321, nr. 35). |
| > | Newberry Library. |
| > | Vibaek (1953:554) writes that the first edition by Praetorius is printed in Copenhagen in 1770, but he must be mistaken here, as Praetorius was not born then. Even though certain works were propagated as necessary revisions of older works, it does not mean that the revising author was also the author of the earlier work that he was expected to supply an alternative or renewed version of. Such mistakes are repeatedly found in bibliographies of Negerhollands. Often, it seems that even totally new books took the place (in liturgic use) of other ones, being independent from their predecessors with respect to translation and authorship. |
| |
| |
Praetorius, Johannes Jacob. 1827. Evangelis Kristelik Leering-Buk tot Gebryk na die Onderwies van die Katechesan sender na die Deen Mission in Amerika. Ka skriev van JJ Praetorius. [Kopenhagen, 1827. Ka prent bie C. Graebe]. Copenhagen: C. Graebe. 72 pp.
| > | EN: Evangelical Christian textbook. |
| > | Published together with Praetorius' Katechismus in one volume of 88 pp. Also reprinted with Katechismus in one volume in 1834. |
| > | This is an extended version of Luther's annotations with the Ten Commandments, the Articles of Faith, the Lord's Prayer and Sacraments. |
| > | BUH: TH bis 29970. (the 1827 edition together with Katechismus). |
| > | Hesseling (1905:39-40, nr. 5). |
| > | Reinecke (1975:321, nr. o36). |
| > | Larsen (1950:120) translates the title as: ‘Evangelical-Christian reader for the use of the catechists of the Danish Mission in America’ and remarks that this replaced Thorkild Lund's (1798) reader. |
| > | In Vibaek (1953), also a Creol Psalm-Buk edition of 1827 is said to be from Praetorius, but there is no indication for this. |
Praetorius, Johannes Jacob. 1834. Dr. Marten Luther sie klein Katechismus ka set ower na die Creol Tael van J.J. Praetorius, Miss: ord: na St. Thomas en St. Jan in Amerika. [Kopenhagen, 1834. Ka prent bie P.T. Brünnich]. Copenhagen: P.T. Brünnich. 16 pp.
| > | DKB: 3-408-8o, 05339. |
| > | This work is identical to the 1827 edition, which has the same author, same title and same place, but ‘Ka prent bie C. Graebe’. |
| > | Note that, likewise, the anonymous Creol Psalm-Buk of 1834 is identical to the one from 1827. Furthermore, both works from 1827, then printed at C. Graebe, were reprinted in 1834 at P.T. Brünnich, and each in an issue of 1000 copies (as appears from an account of 10 November 1834 in RA, Koloniernes Centralbestyrelse, Kolonialkontoret, Gruppesager II. 922 Salmebogssagen). |
Praetorius, Johannes Jacob. 1834. Evangelis Kristelik Leering-Buk tot Gebryk na die Onderwies van die Katechesan sender na die Deen Mission in Amerika. Ka skriev van JJ Praetorius. [Kopenhagen, 1834. Ka prent bie P.T. Brünnich]. Copenhagen: P.T.Brünnich. 72 pp.
| > | DKB: 3-408-8o, 05339. |
| > | This work is identical to the 1827 edition, which has the same author, same title and same place, but ‘Ka prent bie C. Graebe’. |
| > | Published together with Praetorius' Katechismus in one volume of 88 pp., like it was printed with Katechismus in 1 vol. in 1827. |
PSALM-BOEK voor die NEGER-GEMEENTEN na S. THOMAS, S. CROIX en S. JEAN. [Barby, gedrukt im Jahr 1774] Barby: 1774. 264 pp.
| > | EN: Hymnal for the Negro communities. |
| > | DKB: DA.Box, 4-419, 07266, 8o. Introduction, hymns, index. Page numbering only from pp. 12-244. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:318, nr. 4): ‘Based on Johan Auerbach, Gebeden en liederen.’ |
| > | In Library of Congress. |
| > | Hesseling (1905:43-44, nr. 9): ‘Psalmboek voor die Negergemeenten van St. Thomas, St. Croix en St. Jan, Barby, 1774.’ |
| > | Stein (1986b:27, nr. 3.1.4): ‘[anon.] Psalm-Boek voor die Neger-Gemeenten na S. Thomas, S. Croix en S. Jean. Barby: 1774. 10,7 × 17, 6 cm, 256 pp. |
| > | UA: NBVII R3, 5b. |
| |
| |
Psalm-boek voor die tot die Evangelische broeder-Kerk behoorende neger-gemeenten na S. Croix, S. Thomas en S. Jan. Barby: 1784. 322, [46] pp.
| > | EN: Hymnal. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:318, nr. 5): ‘2nd edition of the 1774 Psalm-boek: 349 psalms, and liturgies. The high point of “high,” Hollandized Creole.’ |
| > | In Newberry Library. |
| > | Stein (1986b:27, nr. 3.1.6): ‘[anon.] Psalm-Boek voor die tot die evangelische Broeer-Kerk behoorende Neger-Gemeenten na S. Croix, S. Thomas en S. Jan. Barby: 1784. 284 pp. |
| > | UA: NBVII R3, 5c/5d. |
Rademeyer, J.H. 1938. Kleurling-Afrikaans, die taal van die Griekwas en Rehoboth-Basters, Amsterdam: N.V. Swets & Zeitlinger.
| > | EN: Coloured Afrikaans, language of the Griekwas and Rehoboths. |
| > | Contains a chapter on Creole Languages (chapter 2:29-38), illustrated with a passage in Negerhollands on p. 37, taken from de Josselin de Jong (1926). |
Rask, Rasmus K. Perhaps 1806 ‘Betragtninger i anlednig af det kreolske sprog’, in: Diderichsen, Paul. Rasmus Rask og den grammatiske tradition, studier over vendepunktet i sprogvidenskabens historie. København: Ejnar Munksgaard, 1960. pp. 155-166. [In: Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser, udgivet af Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Bind 38, nr. 2.].
| > | EN: Contemplations in connection with the Creole language. |
| > | This is an annotated publication of Add. 4o nr. 627 k., possibly from 1806, one of the many manuscripts by the great Danish general linguist that can be found in the Royal Library in Copenhagen. |
Rask, Rasmus K. After 1806. Udvalgte Afhandlinger, udgivet paa Bekostning af Rask-Ørsted Fondet i Hundredaaret for Rasks Død paa Foranledning af Vilhelm Thomsen af Det danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab ved Louis Hjelmslev med Indledning af Holger Pedersen. København: Levin & Munksgaards Forlag, 1932-33. Bind II. pp. 122-123.
| > | EN: Selected papers. |
| > | The author contradicts Adelung's (1809) remark that Negerhollands would be a corrupted sort of Dutch, by saying ‘dass es eine eigene, neue Sprache ist, die bloss vom Holländischen abstammt, aber eine ganz verschiedene Einrichtung hat. [that it is a new language of its own, which just derives from Dutch, but which has a totally different structure]’ The same essay containing this passage is also found in R.K. Rask, Samlede tildels forhen utrykte Afhandlinger, III, København: H.K. Rask, 1838. pp. 445-466. |
Reinecke, John E. 1937. ‘Negerhollands’, in: Marginal languages: a sociological survey of the creole languages and trade jargons. Yale University, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. x, 880 pp. pp. 394-425.
| > | Reinecke (1975:321, nr. 37). |
Schmidt, J.C. 1788. ‘Blandede Anmaerkninger, samlede paa og over Ejlandet St. Kroix i Amerika.’, in: ‘Anmerkninger over Ejlandet St. Kroix i Vestindien af Herr J.C. Schmidt’, in: Samleren, et Ugeskrivt, [Andet Bind, udgivet af Laurits Hvid Bøgh. Kjøbenhavn 1788. Trykt paa Boghandel Lønstrups Forlag, hos F W Thiele] Volume 2, Copenhagen: Laurits Hvid Bøgh. No.39 pp. 198-206; No.40 pp. 214-224; No.41 pp. 225-240; No.42 pp. 241-250; No.43 pp. 259-263.
| |
| |
| > | EN: Mixed remarks. |
| > | DKB, Copenhagen: 60-26, 8o. |
| > | This article contains a rebellious slave song in Negerhollands on pp. 233-234, which is mentioned in Vibaek as ‘Brudstykke af en oprørssang [fragments of a rebel song]’. |
| > | The rebel song on pp. 233-234 was (on some points incorrectly) reprinted in: Thorkild Hansen, Slavernes Øer, København: Gyldendal, 1971, and also in Degn (1974:83). |
Schuchardt, Hugo. 1914. ‘Zum Negerhöllandischen von St. Thomas’, in: Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde 33. pp. 123-135.
| > | EN: On the Negerhollands of St. Thomas. |
| > | In this article, a letter written in 1883 by A. Magens to the author is printed. The same letter is translated in the appended ‘Naschrift’ and ‘Aantekeningen’ by Hesseling (1914:135-142). |
| > | Reinecke (1975:321, nr. 38). |
Schuchardt, H. 1979. ‘On Virgin Islands Creole Dutch’, in: Thomas L. Markey (ed./transl.), Ethnography of Variation: Selected Writings on Pidgins and Creoles. Ann Arbor: Karoma Press Inc. pp. 48-58.
| > | Translation of Schuchardt (1914). |
Spangenberg, August Gottlieb. 1773-1775. Leben des Herrn Nikolaus Ludwig Grafen und Herrn von Zinzendorff und Pottendorf Barby. [Reprint: Hildesheim-New York: Georg Olms, 1971].
Taylor, Charles Edwin. 1888. Leaflets from the Danish West Indies: descriptive of the social, political, and commercial condition of these islands. London: the author. {*}
| > | Reinecke (1975:321, nr. 39). |
Toit, Pieter Jacobus du. 1905. Afrikaansche studies [Uitgaven der Koninklijke Vlaamsche Academie voor Taal- en Letterkunde, Ve reeks: Uitgaven der Commissie voor Nieuwere Taal- en Letterkunde 14]. Gent: A. Siffer.
| > | EN: Studies in Afrikaans. |
| > | Chapter 5 (p. 74-108) is devoted to a comparison of NH and various types of Afrikaans, among which Bantu-based Pidgin Afrikaans. It is the first comparison of this type. |
Van Name, Addison. 1871. ‘Contributions to Creole Grammar’, in: Transactions of the American Philological Association 1869-70, 1. Hartford. pp. 132-167.
| > | Reinecke (1975:321, nr. 42): ‘p. 159-163 on Negerhollands.’ |
Vercoullie, J. 1919. ‘Negerhollands molee, Afrikaans boetie, kartjipiering, bibies, bottel, ousanna, ewwa-trewwa, foolstruis.’, in: Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal- en Letterkunde, 38. pp. 302-306.
Wold, Erich Röring. 1770. Creool A B Buk voor die Deen Missioon na Westindien. [ka shrief door Erich Röring Wold, Catechet na St. Jans. 1770.]; unkn. pl.: unkn. publ. 16 pp.
D[octor]. Martin Luther sie klein Catechismus na veif part. [1770.]; unkn. aut., unkn. pl.: unkn. publ., 1770. 32 pp.
| |
| |
Creool Psalm-buk voor die Deen Missioon na Westindien. [1770.]; unkn. aut., unkn. pl.: unkn. publ. 70 pp.
| > | EN: Creole AB book. Small catechism. Creole hymnal. |
| > | BUH: Pdg.11510. |
| > | In the introduction to Magens (1781) these three works are mentioned: ‘Die begin a ka maek mit een A.B.Buk, en die klein Catechismus van Lutherus, en eenig Kirk-Psalmen ookal, die ha wordt gedrykt hiesoo in die Jaer 1770, ... [a beginning was made with an AB book, the small catechism of Luther, and some hymns too, which were printed here in 1770]’. |
| > | Hesseling (1905:36) refers to this and adds he has not seen them himself, although he implies that they are bound together. ‘1.’ |
| > | Vibaek (1953:554) mentions only the first and the third part, and so does Larsen (1950:114). Larsen, who based his inferences on Lose (1891:18), furthermore mentions a catechism published in 1770 by Kingo, probably meaning the second part. Lose mentions a 1764 draft catechism by Kingo that was sent to Magens on which he worked together with Wold. He nowhere explicitly claims, however, that it was ever printed. A 1770 edition of the catechism is ascribed wrongfully to Praetorius by Vibaek. |
| > | Reinecke (1975:321) probably used Larsen as source as he mentions the same two parts only: Reinecke (1975:321, nr. 43): ‘Wold, Rev. -. on.d. [A B C book in Creol]’; Reinecke (1975:321, nr. o44): ‘-. on.d. [Hymnal in Creol]’. |
| > | DKB: DA.Box, 4-419, 07264, 8o is an identical copy of the third part of the above: Creool Psalm-buk voor die Deen Missioon na Westindien. 1770, with no indication of author. Apparently this has gone unnoticed so far. |
| > | It is possible that both Lose and Larsen are correct; then parts one and three are both by Wold, while the second part of this entry is ultimately by Kingo, even though it is bound together with Wold in one booklet. As no author of the second and third parts is mentioned, however, only linguistic and textual analysis may yield more conclusive information. |
Zinzendorf, Nikolaus Ludwig von. 1742. Büdingische Sammlung einiger in die Kirchenhistorie einschlagender, sonderlich neuerer Schrifften. Erster Band. Büdingen: Stöhr. Reprint: Hildesheim: Olms, 1965.
p. 453-457: Des Hrn. Grafen Zinzendorff Abschied-Schreiben an die Negers in St. Thomas, in Cariolischer Sprache.
p. 483-485: Der erweckten Negros in St. Thomas Schreiben an Jhro Majest. den König in Dännemarck. An. 1739.
p. 485-487: Der Ältestin der Gemeine der Negros in St. Thomas Schreiben an die Königin von Dännemarck. An. 1739.
| > | EN: Zinzendorfs farewell letter. Letter of the Black converts. Letter of the oldest woman of the Black community. |
| > | Stein (1986b:20, nr. 1.1.1, 3.1.1). |
|
|
Auteursrechtelijk beschermd