Die Creol taal

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Dit bestand is, met een aantal hierna te noemen aanpassingen, een diplomatische weergave van Die Creol Taal. 250 years of Negerhollands texts van Cefas van Rossem en Hein van der Voort uit 1996.

 

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Die Creol Taal

 

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Die Creol Taal

250 years of Negerhollands texts

 

Edited by: Cefas van Rossem & Hein van der Voort

 

Amsterdam University Press

 

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The editors and the publisher gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.

 

ISBN 90 5356 134 X

 

© Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 1996

Lay out: Nieuwland & Nirk Publishing, Eindhoven

 

All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the authors of this book.

 

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Table of contents

Preface		VII
Abbreviations		XI
List of illustrations		XIX
I	Negerhollands: An Introduction
1	Negerhollands	1
2	Early history and demography of the Virgin Islands	6
3	Creole studies	10
4	Negerhollands: a brief sketch	12
5	The origin of Negerhollands	19
	5.1 West African influence	19
	5.2 The genesis of Negerhollands and second language acquisition	19
	5.3 The Zealandic and Hollandic lexifier language	20
	5.4 A Portuguese pidgin?	22
	5.5 The epithetical vowels: substrate or superstrate influence?	22
6	The further development of the language	24
	6.1 The Moravian mission in the Virgin Islands	25
	6.2 The Lutheran (Danish) mission in the Virgin Islands	28
	6.3 Interpreting the 18th-century materials	30
	6.4 Sociolinguistic development of the Virgin Islands society and the fate of Negerhollands	31
7	Variation in Negerhollands texts	34
	7.1 The diachronic dimension	34
	7.2 The stylistic dimension	34
	7.3 The geographical dimension	36
	7.4 The social dimension	37
	7.5 The focussing of the language	42
8	The study of Negerhollands	44
References		45
II	Negerhollands Texts
1	The first texts: Letters	49
	1.1 Three letters from the Büdingische Sammlung (1742)	49
	1.1.1 Des Hrn. Grafen Zinzendorff Abschied-Schreiben an die Negers in St. Thomas, in Cariolischer Sprache.	49
	1.1.2 Der erweckten Negros in St. Thomas Schreiben an Jhro Majest. den König in Dännemarck.	64
	1.1.3 Der Ältestin der Gemeine der Negros in St. Thomas Schreiben an die Königin von Dännemarck.	70
	1.2 The slave letters (1737-1767).	74

 

	1.2.1 The first letter in Negerhollands	74
	1.2.2 The early 1740s	77
	1.2.3 Letters to Bethlehem (Pennsylvania, U.S.A.)	80
	1.2.4 A letter from Cornelius	83
	1.2.5 The copies of Oldendorp	86
	1.2.6 Letters from St. Croix	88
2	Religions Material: translations and transliterations.	93
	2.1 The first religious manuscripts	93
	2.1.1 Several creole hymns	93
	2.2 Printed works (1765-1834) 110	108
	2.2.1 The Herrnhuter hymnal of 1765	108
	2.2.2 A Danish hymnal (1823)	114
3	Bible texts.	119
	3.1 Translations of the Old Testament	120
	3.1.1 Joseph and the pharaoh's dreams [Genesis 40] (±1780-1785)	120
	3.1.2 Genesis 1-4 (±1795)	135
	3.2 Fragments from the New Testament	143
	3.2.1 Contrasting Moravian variants of Jesus' first miracle	144
	3.2.2 The Sermon of the Mount [Matth 5; 6; 7; Mark, 3:13-19; Luke 6:12-17; 20-49]	153
4	Lay material.	177
	4.1 ABC booklets (1770, 1770 and 1800)	177
	4.2 Dialogues and proverbs	201
	4.2.1 Dialogue from Oldendorp's Missionsgeschichte	202
	4.2.2 Proverbs and dialogues in Magens' grammar	209
	4.3 Short secular texts.	224
5	The late 19th century.	231
	5.1 Pontoppidan (1881).	231
	5.2 The Magens letter	238
	5.3 The sentences of Greider	251
6	The 20th Century.	253
	6.1 De Josselin de Jong's texts.	253
	6.2 Nelson's field notes.	262
	6.3 The last stage of Negerhollands	265
	6.3.1 Active translations	266
	6.3.2 Short stories	273
III	Negerhollands Bibliography
1	Introduction.	283
2	Manuscripts.	286
3	Printed work.	294
4	Studies after 1945.	308
Index		319