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2 Manuscripts
[Alling, Niels Olufsen. Psalms of David].
> | According to Lose (1891:23), Alling, teacher-missionary on St. Thomas, had translated 100 of David's psalms into Negerhollands by 1777. They were finished and sent to Denmark. The General Church Inspection College received them in 1778, but they were never printed, and the manuscript has since disappeared. |
Auerbach, Joh. Christoph. [Letter from Niesky in St. Thomas, 10 March 1774 to Friedrich Neisser, Barby, Germany.] 3 pp.
> | UA: R15 Ba 21a. 70 |
> | The letter contains a passage in Negerhollands that was cited in the introduction to the present work. The 18th-century correspondence, which has not yet been fully examined, between the Virgin Islands and Moravian Brethren in Germany often contains pieces in Negerhollands, or remarks about the language. |
Beylage zum Diario von St. Thomas vom Monat August 1755 -a) Etliche Cariolische Lieder. 1755. 6 pp.
> | EN: Annex to a diary part A. Creole hymns. |
> | Part B of this ms. is a list in German of 48 ‘widows in St Thomas who have enrolled at our sister Benigna, to be with her in a special choir-community, and who for this reason were [together] today the 31st of August 1755’. |
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.4). |
> | UA: R15 Bb Nr.6-2m. |
[Böhner, Johann] Die Geschichte users HEERN und Heilandes Jesu Christi, aus den Vier Evangelisten zusammengezogen, Un aus dem Deutsch in die Creolsprache übersetzt zum Gebrauch in dem Versammelung Haus der Neeger Gemeine. Mit einem Rgister zur anweisung der Stäglichten Evangelium. Before 1780. 15,0 × 19,0 cm, 406 pp.
> | EN: History of our Lord. |
> | p. 1-297: Evangelienharmonie; pp. 297-404: The Acts of the Apostles. |
> | Stein (1986b:29, nr. 3.2.1). |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6g. |
[Böhner, Johann] Die Handelingen of Geskiedenisen van ons HEER en Heiland JEsus Christus ut die Vier Evangelisten na een tesammenhang gefoegt. Before 1780. 16,1 × 20,1 cm, 4 + 528 pp.
> | EN: History of our Lord. |
> | p. 1-418: Evangelienharmonie; pp. 419-526: The Acts of the Apostles. |
> | Stein (1986b:29, nr. 3.2.2). |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6f. |
Böhner, Johann. [Letter from Neuherrnhut in St. Thomas, 10 March 1780 to Bruder Joseph [Spangenberg], Barby, Germany]. 2 pp.
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> | The letter reports on his translation activities into Negerhollands, through which several manuscripts can be located in time, and in which he mentions other Negerhollands translations, e.g. the Psalms of David, certain Apocrypha, etc. of which we do not know the current whereabouts. |
Böhner, Johann. Korte Begrieb van die Christlike Leer, nabin die evangelische Broedergemeenten daer geleegt van August Gottlieb Spangenberg. 1780. 2 volumes, 15,5 × 19,3 cm, 650 pp.
> | EN: Short summary of the Christian doctrine. |
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.2.6). |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6i1/6i2. |
> | Negerhollands translation of the Idea Fidei Fratrum. The German original of this doctrine of the Moravian Brethren was written by August Gottlieb Spangenberg (Bruder Joseph) in 1778 and printed in 1779. |
Böhner, Johann. [Letter from Neuherrnhut in St. Thomas, 2 August 1781 to Bruder Joseph [Spangenberg], Barby, *Germany]. 2 pp.
> | UA: R15 Bb 26 b 218. |
> | The letter reports on his translation activities into Negerhollands, remarks on the prerequisites for the acquisition of Negerhollands and on the quality of Magens' translation of the New Testament. |
[Böhner, J.] Die Briefen van die Apostel sender. [and the revelation of John]. 15,6 × 20,1 cm, 259 pp.
> | EN: The New Testament Epistles. |
> | Stein (1986b:29, nr. 3.2.4). |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6h. |
[Böhner, J.] Ein abermaliger Versuch, Etwas aus den Büchern der heiligen Schrift Alten Testaments in die Creol (oder Neger) Sprache zu übersetzen, und in eine harmonische Zeitordnung gebracht, und in den dunkeln Stellen aus dem deutlichen Vortrag und Zusammenhang Des Grundtextes erlaeutert .... End 18th century. 3 volumes, 15,4 × 20,0 cm, 1038 pp.
> | EN: Old Testament in Creole. |
> | vol.I: pp. 1-259, 1-129; vol.II: pp. 131-524; vol.III: pp. 1-123, 1-132. |
> | Stein (1986b:29-30, nr. 3.2.5). |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6e1/6e2/6e3. |
Catalogus unserer Neger-Geschwister in S. Thomas, Crux, Jan, von 1736-1753. {*}
> | EN: Catalogue of our Negro brethren and sisters. |
> | Stein (1986b:23, nr. 1.2.8). |
> | UA: R15Bb, 24. |
[Diaries, Reports, Letters, quite regularly written by the missionaries]. 18th century. {*}
> | Stein (1986b:22, nr. 1.2.3). |
> | UA. |
> | Some texts from this entry have been published in the Büdingische Sammlung (see Zinzendorf). |
[Four Creole sermons from 1796/97]. In: [A number of diverse texts, partially dated]. 46 pp.
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.1.5). One of these sermons, called ‘Eine Rede an die Kinder’ has been published in Stein (1986c). |
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[A free translation of Genesis 1,16 - 4,26]. Some commentaries added. In: [A number of diverse texts, partially dated]. 32 pp.
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.1.3). |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6d. |
Geskiednis na die Martel=Week en tee na die Hemelvaart van ons Heere en Heiland Jesus Christus. 132 pp. {*}
> | EN: History of the Passion week to the Ascension. |
> | In Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in box: ‘Ms. Translations into Danish (Creolan). 2.) The Passion Week-Ascension’. |
Die Geskiedenis van ons Heere en Heiland Jesus Christus, opgeskreeven van die vier Evangelisten Mattheus, Marcus, Lucas en Johannes;
Die Geskiednis van ons Heere en Heiland Jesus Christus, soo as die vier Evangelist sender ka skriev die op. In: [A number of diverse texts, partially dated]. Late 18th or early 19th century. 15,5 × 19,8 cm., respectively 107 pp. and 97 pp.
> | EN: History of our Lord. |
> | Two Negerhollands translations of respectively § 1-43 and § 1-36 of the Evangelienharmonie. |
> | Stein (1986b:29, nr 3.2.3., also 3.3.1.2) (We have referred to the two parts respectively as 3.2.3.1 and 3.2.3.2.). |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6d. |
Gomez, John B. Kerk Buch for Die Mission Gemeente hier op St Thomas 5 van November 1813 John B Gomez Voorleezer en scoolmester voor die Mission Gemeente.
> | EN: Church book of the St. Thomas community. |
> | The ‘provisional’ archive signature from the catalogue ‘Københavnske Kirkebøger II, med et tillaeg omfattende modtagne kirkebøger, herunder kirkebøger fra Grønland og Dansk-Vestindien, København, 1974.’, of the Landsarkiv in Copenhagen is: 776, Ministerialbog for Dansk-Vestindien, Skt.Thomas og Skt.Jan, Kulørte Missionsmenighed, 1813-1822. |
> | The first 68 pages of this ‘church-book’ are in Negerhollands. This is a Danish mission parish register of ‘the coloured community’ on St Thomas, containing a kind of diary of baptisms, marriages and deaths and now and then a list of those (slaves or freemen, grown-ups or children) that passed ‘confirmation’ or had their first ‘communion’ (heillig Avontmael Sacrament). It is by Gomez, who owned a plantation on St. Thomas and was Degn ‘deacon’ there. After January 9th, 1817, the register is in Danish. The original can be found in the church archives of Landsarkivet for Sjaelland, Lolland-Falster og Bornholm in Copenhagen, Jagtvej 10. It is accessible in a photocopy format from 1989. Only this part of one of the West Indies parish registers in the Landsarkiv is in Negerhollands, whereas nearly all the others are in Danish, and some are in Dutch. In all registers, fraktur handwriting is used for Danish, and Latin handwriting for Dutch, Latin, Negerhollands and personal names. |
Grammatik der Creol-Sprache in West-Indiën. Shortly after 1802. 96 pp., unkn. pl.
> | EN: Grammar of the Creole language. |
> | Hesseling (1905:45): ‘14. G.H.’ Hesseling writes that he obtained a copy of this manuscript from Mr. A. Glitsch in Herrnhut. That manuscript/copy (from the beginning of this century) is found in the Hesseling archive in the library of the State University of Leiden. Hesseling, and with him Reinecke, claim the Herrnhut copy has 104 pages. |
> | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. o19, n.d.), as in Hesseling. |
> | Stein (1986b:24, nr. 2.1.4): ‘[anon.] Grammatik der Creol-Sprache. s.l., s.d., 15,5 × 19,2 cm, 96 pp.’ |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6b2. |
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> | Erroneously mentioned in Van Rossem & Van der Voort (1993:109) as written in 1805 |
Grammatik der Creol-Sprache in West-Indien. Shortly after 1900. 112 pp., small 4o, unkn. pl.
> | EN: Grammar of the creole language. |
> | UBL 163 C 33 (formerly 559 H 28). |
> | Hesseling (1905) writes that he obtained a copy of the original manuscript from 1802 with the same title from Mr. A. Glitsch in Herrnhut. This manuscript/copy (from the beginning of this century) cannot now be found in the Hesseling archive in the library of Leyden University nor in the manuscript collection, but is in the collection of printed works. On the inside cover is written that it is a gift of 1941 from Hesseling's widow, A.H. Hesseling-Salverda de Grave. The back of the cover bears the title ‘Het Negerhollands der Deense Antillen’. |
> | Reinecke (1975:319, nr. o19, n.d.), from Hesseling. |
Die Helfer und Diener unter den Mohren in Thomas, Crux und Jan aus diesen selbst. Was von ihnen, aus ihrem Kirchen=Buche und aus dem Munde ihres 27jährigen Kirchen-Dieners Bruder Georg Weber aus gefasst worden, Jm Nov. 1760. {*}
> | EN: The helpers and servants under the Moors. |
> | Stein (1986b:23, nr. 1.2.7). |
> | UA: R15Ba, 27-11. |
Hesseling, Dirk Christiaan. Creolisering in de taal. [Ms. of lecture held at ‘De Spaanse Club’, Den Haag, January 20. 1934]. 27 pp.
> | EN: Creolization in language. |
> | UBL: BPL 2408. |
Hesseling, Dirk Christiaan. Studiemateriaal voor het Creoolsch.
> | EN: Study material for Creole. |
> | A few folders of which three directly refer to Negerhollands: two notebooks and a portfolio with the lecture Creolisering in de taal. |
> | UBL: BPL 2408. |
[Isles, Samy] Diarium von St. Thomas vom Monat Septbr. 1754 bis Januar 1755 incl. Beilage zum 25sten Dec. gehörig: Lied welches am Kinder Bettage des 25. Dec [1754] abgesungen worden. 1754-1755. 4 pp.
> | EN: Diary of St. Thomas. Annex: hymn. |
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.3). |
> | also in Stein (1982b:106-112). |
> | UA: R15Bb Nr.6-2h. |
Isles, Samy & Georg Weber. Criol Leedekin Boekje voor gebriek Van de Neger broer gemeente Na St Thomas St Crux Overzet üt de Hoog deutse taal door Broer Samy Isles en George Weber, en een deel mee Assistantie Broer Johañes Van de Jaar 1749 tot Jaar 1753’. small format, 87 pp. {*}
> | EN: Creole hymnal. |
> | In Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in box: ‘Ms. Translations into Danish (Creolan). 1.) Hymn book for the Negroes of St. Thomas & St. Croix (Transl. by Sam Isles & Geo Weber, (1747-1753)’. |
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[Kingo, Johan Christopher. The Gospel of St. Matthew]. 1765. unkn. pl. {*}
> | Mentioned in Lose (1891:18) as never printed. This information was passed on in Koch, Larsen and Reinecke (1975:320, in a note under nr. o24 and o25). |
[Kingo, Johan Christopher. Translation of Martin Luther's Small catechism]. 1770. {*}
> | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. o25). According to Reinecke the work has been printed (his ‘Kingo 1770b’), but according to Ehrencron-Müller (1924), this is not the case. Reinecke et al. have not seen the work, but probably got the information from Larsen (1950). Larsen writes on page 114 that by 1770, both Kingo and Wold had published a Negerhollands primer, Wold furthermore a hymnal, and Kingo this catechism. This might be in accord with facts but real proof is still lacking (see section 3 Kingo). Lose (1891:18-21) writes that Magens and Wold worked on a draft version of Kingo's catechism from 1764 on, but nowhere does it become explicit that it was ever printed (see section 3 Wold). |
Kirchenbuch [covering the time from the beginning of the mission in 1732 up to November 11, 1759.] {*}
> | EN: Parish Register. |
> | Stein (1986b:22, nr. 1.2.5). |
> | UA: R15 Ba, nr. 11-187. |
Die kleentje Catechismus van Docter Mart*in Luther*. In: [A number of diverse texts, partially dated]. 28 pp.
> | EN: The small Catechism. |
> | In Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.1.1) as Luthers Kleiner Katechismus. |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6d. |
[A letter to Brother Nathanael from 1772, written in German, but the last four lines are Negerhollands and show a different handwriting.] {*}
> | In Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, in box: ‘St. Croix, W.I. Letters [#1] 1760-1774 (List in this box) G. (& Some Dutch) (cã 190 ms. pp.)’. |
[Loretz, Johann] Bruder Loretz Entwurf zu einem kurzen Unterricht für die getauften und getrauten Eheleute. Ca. 1783/1784. 6 pp.
> | EN: Sketch of a short instruction for baptized and married people. |
> | Stein (1986b:31, nr. 3.3.6), see also Visitationsberichte. |
> | UA: R15Ba Nr.27-12. |
Lund, T(h)orkild. [Letter from Lund in Tommerup, Denmark, 3 June 1823, to J.P. Hiorthøÿ, secretary of the The Danish Mission Society].
> | RA. Privatinstituter. Det Danske Missions Selskab. Privatarkiv nr. 10.162. Pk. nr. 324. Danske Vestindiske Øer. Korrespondence m.v. vedr. de Danske Vestindiske Øer 1822-25, 1827. Journalnr. 5/1823, Arkivnr. 136, 1 [3. 6. 1823]. |
> | In this letter Lund expresses his gratitude for including in the Creol Psalm-Buk of 1823 the 30 extra hymns that he wrote 26 years ago. He makes some corrections and adds the remaining verses of hymn 17, that were inserted in the reprint of 1827 with minor spelling differences. |
[Magens, Jochum Melchior. New Testament]. {*}
> | According to Lose (1891:23), before 1770 a manuscript version of the New Testament translated by Magens and given to Wold circulated among the Danish missionaries. For the printed New Testament Magens made an entirely new translation. |
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[Magens, Jochum Melchior. Old Testament]. {*}
> | According to Larsen (1950:115), it is possible that besides his work on the New Testament between 1772 and 1777, Magens also started to translate the Old Testament. It is reported in Lose (1891:23-4) that the translation was finished and sent to Copenhagen in 1781, but never published. The introduction to the New Testament of 1781 refers to Magens' work on the Old Testament, and that the General Church Inspection College had received David's Psalms (see Alling) and the Books of the Prophets. Like others this ms. was never found, and may have been destroyed in the Orphanage fire of 1795, the Castle fire of 1884 or some other fire in Copenhagen. |
Magens, J[ochum] M[elchior] Grammatica over det Creolske sprog, som bruges paa de trende Danske Eilande, St. Croix, St. Thomas og St. Jans i Amerika. Sammenskrevet of opsat af en paa St. Thomas indföd Mand. Kiøbenhavn, 1770. Trykt udi det Kongelige Wäysenhusets Bogtrykkerie, af Gerhard Giese Salikath. 93 pp.
> | EN: Grammar of the Creole language. |
> | UBL: 1483 D 47. |
> | This is a bound handwritten copy of the printed work, apparently from the collection of D.C. Hesseling as on the inside cover is written that it is a gift of 1941 from his widow, A.H. Hesseling-Salverda de Grave. It may have been copied by D.C. Hesseling himself. Spelling errors are also copied, and commented ‘sic’ in faint dotted characters. The copy is in purple ink, and only the right-hand pages are used. The original page numbers are mentioned in the right margin. |
Memorabilia, in Creole. 1767. In: [A number of diverse texts, partially dated]. 8 pp.
> | EN: Memorabilia. |
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.1.7). |
> | UA: NBVII R3 6d. |
Nelson, Frank, G. Words and short texts in Negerhollands, gathered in St. Thomas, June 1936.
> | Reinecke (1975:320, nr. 31): ‘Copy in Univ. of Hawaii library, John E. Reinecke correspondence’. |
> | The present anthology contains parts of this material, which was revised by Professor Nelson himself, in his correspondence of 1994 with Hans den Besten. |
[A number of diverse texts, partially dated]; format: c. 15.5 × 19.8 cm.
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.1, subdivided in seven entries). |
O[ldendorp], C.G.A. Criolisches Wörterbuch. Erster zu vermehrender, und, wo nöthig, zu verbessernder Versuch. 1767/1768. 10,8 × 18,2 cm, 189 pp.
> | EN: Creole dictionary. |
> | Stein (1986b:25, nr. 2.2.1). |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6b1. |
> | An edition is being prepared for publication in 1996 by Peter Stein. |
Oldendorp, C.G.A. Missionsgeschichte, 3 vols. 3273 pp. {*}
> | EN: Mission history. |
> | Stein (1986b:21, nr. 1.2.1). |
> | The rough copy UA: R28-63.II, ± 3000 pp., 3 Vols. and the fair copy: UA: R28-62.I., ± 3000 pp., 3 Vols. |
> | Oldendorp gives a long and critical description of Negerhollands. The nearly 60 pages of grammar in the manuscript have been shortened to 11 pages in the 1777 edition. A small section of the grammatical part of this ms. was translated in Gilbert (1986). The full grammar will be published together with Magens' and the Herrnhut grammar in Stein & Eroms (forthcoming). |
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> | An edition of the complete manuscripts is now in progress at the Staatliches Völkerkundemuseum in Dresden. |
Oldendorp, C.G.A. [Replies and critical remarks concerning the printed version of his Missionsgeschichte prepared by Bossart]. {*}
> | Stein (1986b:22, nr. 1.2.2). |
> | UA: R15Ba 25. |
Plicht van Een helper Broeder en Süster. 4 pp.
> | EN: Duty of a helper brother and sister. |
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.5). |
> | UA: R15Ba Nr.27-12. |
Politi(rets)protokoller, Landfogeden på St. Jan.
> | EN: Police (court) protocols, St. John's country bailiff. |
> | RA, Vestindiske Lokalarkiver, Landfogeden på St. Jan, Politi retsprotokoller nr. 39-57, 1818-1904. |
> | These are the reports of the interrogation of suspects and prosecutors at the St. Jan police court. They are almost wholly written in Danish, fraktur script, yet in some of them, words and short sentences in Negerhollands and English are found in Latin script, when direct speech is quoted untranslated. Brought to our attention by Poul Olsen. |
[17 pages of Dutch verses with Creole influence, where members of the slave community are named]. In: [A number of diverse texts, partially dated]. {*}
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.1.6). |
> | UA: NBVII R3 6d. |
[Slave letters]. Ca. 150 letters from 1737-1768. {*}
> | Stein (1986b:31, nr. 3.3.7). |
> | An edition is being prepared for publication by Peter Stein and Hartmut Beck. |
> | UA: R15Ba Nr.27-12. |
[Two Dutch sermons]. 1740. In: [A number of diverse texts, partially dated]. 16 pp.
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.1.4). |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6d. |
Vestindisk Glossarium.
> | EN: West Indian glossary. |
> | Danish - Negerhollands word list containing 338 entries, seven pages 4o, divided into three columns per page. The list is ordered alphabetically on basis of the initial only, each initial occupying its own column. On the title page between brackets: ‘Fra Chr.IV.s Hvaelving 1906, Sager der formentlig er bragte i Uorden ved Slotsbranden 1884. [From Christian the fourth's vaulted cellar 1906, Documents that probably have been disordered through the Castle fire 1884]’. Brought to our attention by Poul Olsen. |
> | proper reference: Rigsarkivet. Håndskriftsamlingen. V.A.8: Vestindisk Glossarium. |
> | Said by Koch (1905) to be written by J.C. Kingo before 1765. Repeated in Ehrencron-Müller (1924). |
> | Vibaek (1953:554) has an old signature: ‘rigsarkivet, MS. Andre Videnskaber nr. 66’, and he quotes Koch about Kingo's authorship. On page 269 he claims, however, that it is by Magens. |
> | The General Church Inspection College wrote in the introduction to Magens' New Testament (1781): ‘..., en byttendien ha lastaen skriev een van die Mission Catecheten, die hem na deese Oogmerk ha giev Plaes na sie Hus, een Woord-Buk, die bin volstandig genug, maer leg ongedrykt nogal,... [and furthermore let one of the missionaries, whom he [referring to Magens] for this reason lodged in his house, write a dictionary, which is complete enough, but lies still unprinted,...]’. This
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points to a different author or ms. because as far as we know, Kingo never lived in Magens' house and as of yet no information has been found on their collaboration. |
> | An edition by Hein van der Voort will appear as an appendix in Peter Stein's edition of the Oldendorp dictionary. |
Visitationsberichte. {*}
> | EN: Visitation reports. |
> | Stein (1986b:22, nr. 1.2.4): ‘Of particular interest [..] is that [the account] of Johann Loretz in 1784, -UA: R15Ba-24.1a-, because it reports from a discussion on the use of the Creole language, criticizes translations and translators, and makes projects for further translating and preparing Creole texts.’ |
[Volkersen, A.W. Old Testament]. {*}
> | This ms. is mentioned in a letter of 19 June 1815 (RA, Koloniernes Centralbestyrelse, Kolonialkontoret, Gruppesager II-922, Salmebogssagen). A ‘considerable’ part of the ms. had been sent to the signatories to the document, members of the English Bible Society in London, who had not been able to judge whether it was useful to print it. The undersigners' advice is to leave the ms. and use Magens' New Testament and print only a few ‘important’ books of the Old Testament at the most. |
> | The ms. is also mentioned in a letter from 3 March 1817 (RA, Koloniernes Centralbestyrelse, Kolonialkontoret, Gruppesager II-922, Salmebogssagen) where it is said that Lund and Mackeprang advised not to print it. Instead, Magens' New Testament should be reprinted in 1200 copies as the 1781 edition was no longer available on the Virgin Islands. |
Wied, H. Lieder, confirmationsunterricht u.a.m., teils in kreolischer, teils in englischer Sprache. 1842-1847. 10,6 × 16,0 cm, 83 pp.
> | EN: Hymns, confirmation lessons. |
> | The first part from 1842/1843 is in Negerhollands and consists of 60 pages. The remaining 23 pages, from 1847, are in English. On the front page the author remarks: ‘In den 40er Jahren des 19. Jahrh. verschwand auf den Westindischen Inseln die kreolische Sprache und wurde durch die englische verdrängt. [In the 40s of the 19th century the creole language disappeared on the West-Indian Islands and was superseded by the English one.]’. |
> | Stein (1986b:30, nr. 3.3.2). |
> | UA: NBVII R3, 6k. |
Zeugnisse von den Communicanten von der Neger-Gemeine in S. Thomas und S. Crux, von Bruder Nathanael [Seidel] in Gemeinschaft der ledigen Arbeiter bey seinder Visitation in S. Thomas im Monat Junio und Julio 1753. {*}
> | EN: Testimonies of the communicants. |
> | Stein (1986b:23, nr. 1.2.6). |
> | UA: R15Ba, 18-1,2. |
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