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Concerning the Dutch Pronunciation.
EVery letter in the Dutch Language is pronounced, and not so variously as in the English, but almost always alike, especially in that spelling which is most approved of, and now used by our best Authors.
A. Is pronunced broader than in English, as may be heard, in the word Water, which has the same sound as in English. And Al all, bal ball, vallen to fall, sound as the English words Shall, dalliance. Also Hand differs but little from the English pronunciation.
AA. Sounds as AW. in English, as may be heard in Gaan to go, gaas samplar, aam, awm, (a certain wine cask;) read Gawn, gawze, awm.
AAI. and AAU. are also pronounced broad, as in the word Fraai fine or handsom, zaait soweth, maaijen to mow, blaauw blew, flaauw faint, graauwen to snarl.
AE Is the old spelling for AA. But now the best spellers use it to express the sound of the English A in the word lady, as may be | |
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heard in the words Paerd horse, staert tail, kaers candle, for which some will write Peerd, steert, keers: thô it must be confest that the former is much better.
AI. Is heard in the word Kaizer Emperor, which however generally is written Keyzer or Keizer, and hath almost the sound which is heard in the English word Eye, and in the old spelling it is used for Aai, but very improperly.
AU. In the old spelling stands for AW in English.
C. was formerly used as in English promiscually for C and K; but now it is almost rejected, onely in some few words it remains still in use, as Ceel scrowl or bill, cieraad ornament, ciersel, attire, cyfer, cipher; which yet some wil spell, Seel, sieraad, siersel, syfer.
CH. Is pronounced somewhat alike to the G. when it comes at the end of a Syllable, as Ach alass, recht right, licht light, dóch thô, lucht air; say ag, regt, ligt, dog, lugt.
E. Is often pronounced as EA in English, as in the words Cedel bill or note, weder weather, neder down, veder feather, beker cup, leger army; read Ceadle, weader, neader, veader, beaker, leaguer: | |
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But the words En and, hen them, ren run, lenden loins, wel well, spel a pin, rest remainder, vest the city walls, have the same sound as is heard in the word Then, when, well, spell, rest, vest; and in the words Ster starr, pers press, redden to retrieve, the same sound is heard as in Verse, herse, ready.
E. In the end of a word must always be pronounced, but softly, as in Zonde sinn, te gronde to the bottom, gaande going, staande standing.
EE. Is always pronounced as EA. in English, as in Zee sea, ree roe or harbour, een one, been bone, heeft hath, leeft liveth, geeft giveth, meer more, zeer very or sore, leeuw lion, meeuw a gull: read Zea, rea, ean, bean, heaft, &c.
EI. Is much used by many in stead of EY, which last nevertheless I must prefer before the former; judging it to come nearest to the pronunciation, if we write, Kleyn little, reyn clean, leydde led, zeyde said; the sound of which is much alike with the Y in English, so as it sounds in the word Eye.
EU. Is a sound which the English have not, and is heard in the words, Neus nose, reus giant, deur dore, steur sturgeon; sounding just like the French word coeur.
G. Thô standing before E, I, or Y, is almost | |
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pronounced as Gh in English, as Geel yellow, geeven to give, gierig covetous, gy thou, gyzelen to take for hostage; read, Gheal, gheaven, gheerig, ghy, ghyzelen.
I. Has never the sound of Y. as in Zin sinn, min less or love, kind child, blind blind, vrind friend, schip ship, wip swipe. But as I in English in Sin, ship, whip.
IE. Is pronounced as EE. in English, as in Zie see, drie three, lief dear, dief thief, zien to see, wien whom, bier beer, stier bull: read Zee, dree, leef, deef, zeen, meen, beer, steer.
J. is used as Y in English, as Ja yes, jók yoke, Jan John; say yaw, jok, yan.
O. Is pronounced differently, as Oven oven, open open, over over, hoven gardens, holen holes, read Oaven, open, oaver, hoaven, hoalen: But, Borst breast, dorst thirst, worst saucidge, dom dull, som sum, hond dog, bont furr, zon sun, won got, most must, wolf wolf, wolk cloud, are almost pronounced, Burst, durst, wurst, dum, sum, zun, wun, hund, bunt, must, wolf, wulk. Whereas the words Hól hollow, ról rouwl, gólf wave, kólf club, dólk dagger, vólk people, kóp cup or head, dóp shell, bórd board, górt oatmeal, vós fox, rós red, zót fool, rót rotten or a rat, | |
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tót to, Gód God, vlót rafter or floating. mót moth, have a hard sound, like unto the words, Hollow, borrow, God, and ought therefore to be always accented, as I have done all along in my Dictionary and other writings of mine, thô there are hitherto but few Writiers that observe it.
OE. Is pronounced as OO in English, as in Goed good, moed courage, koel cool, stoel chair, zoen kiss, groen green, boer countreyman, roer rudder, zoet sweet, moet must, roet soot: read Good, mood, cool, stool, zoon, groon, boor, roor, zoot, moot, root.
OI. Is used by some instead of OOI. but not properly.
OO. Is pronounced as OA in English, as Lood lead, rood red, boor piercer, door through, goor sowr, hoor hearken, loon wages , boon bean, which are pronounced as these English words, Load, road, boar, door, gore, whore, loan, bone.
OOI. Is used in the words Hooi hay, mooi fine, gooijen to throw, and has a broad sound, almost as hoai.
OU. Is used in Oud old, hout wood, stout bold, vrouw woman, and has the same sound as the English words, Gout, stout, now, how.
S. In the old spelling is generally used in- | |
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stead of Z; but most Writers of any note will write now, Servet napkin, simpel simpel, sissen to whizz, siroop molosses, suyker sugar; en Zand sand, zeker certain, zee sea, zout salt, zwaerd sword.
U. Is generally pronounced as in English, and when is stands single for Thee or You it is almost pronounced Ew or Ue. In the words Dul mad, sul slide, dun thin, punt point, zulk such, schurfd itch or itchy, zuster sister, schuttel platter, is heard the same sound as in these English words Dull, run, sculk, scurf, dusty, scutile. Some also will write Uren, muren, duren, instead of Uuren hours, muuren walls, duuren to laste; but it is very improper.
UE. Was formerly used instead of UU, but is grown out of date now.
UI. Is used by severall instead of UY, writing, Huis, muis, guit, for Huys house, muys mouse, guyt knave. But what good reason they have for it I can't tell, because I look upon it to be quite against all reason; and the same I affirm óf Reis, eisch, leiden, weiden, instead of Reys journey, eysch demand, leyden to lead, weyden to pasture.
UU. Is used in Uur hour, huur hire, muur wall, vuur fire, luuw lee, duuw thrust; | |
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which sound is heard in the words to Dure, inure, allure, new, sew.
UY. Is pronounced almost as OI. in English, and is used in the words Uyl owl, vuyl foul or dirty, huylen to howl, muylen slippers, luyd lowd, uyt out, tuyn garden; the sound of which words almost agreeth with Oil, moil, toil, void, join.
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