Patriot woordeboek: Afrikaans-Engels

[p. XIII]

Foorberig Preface

‘'n Blote woordelys soos hiirdie het gen nut ni’ - antwoord 'n Hollanse taalgeleerde ons toen ons hom 'n proef stuur fan di eerste fel fan di boek en syn opini fraag op eenige punte. Mar deur di ongunstige opini het ons fer ons folstrek ni laat afskrik ni. Ja so 'n woordeboek as ons hiir gé het wel dégelik 'n dridubbele nut. Fereers diin dit om di spelling fan Afrikaans, wat as skryftaal nog in syn wording is, tot eenformighyd te help breng, terwyl dusfêr elkeen di ferstandige reel ‘skryf soos jy praat’ op syn yge maniir, dikwils ni heel oordeelkundig ni, in toepassing gebreng het. Hiirin het ons egter, hoewel met 'n feelsydige erfaring fan 'n kwart-eeu agter ons, met alle beskydenhyd te werk gegaan, deur by woorde waar bepaalde ferskil en grondige redes fer twe spellings bestaan alby an te gé. 'n Twede nut fan di Woordeboek is dat ons daarme an Afrikaaners 'n hulpmiddel biid om Engels te leer; en 'n derde dat ons di Engelse in Suid Afrika help om ons taal te leer: wat alby ni ferkry word (in) 'n Hollans-Engelse Woordeboek ni.

‘Simply a list of words like this is of no use whatever’ - was the reply of a Dutch linguist when we submitted to him a proof sheet of this work, asking his opinion on some points. But this adverse criticism did not discourage us in the least. Most decidedly a Dictionary as we offer is of threefold use. Its first object is to assist in bringing about the much desired uniformity in the spelling of Cape Dutch, whilst thus far the wise rule ‘write as you speak’ was applied by everyone in his own way, often not very judiciously. In this respect, however, although having an extensive experience of some twinty-five years, we used every discretion, in giving both spellings where there are good reasons for the difference. In the second place we trust this Dictionary will assist Africanders in learning English: and last not least, it will assist English inhabitants of South Africa in learning Cape Dutch: an object which cannot be obtained by merely using a Dutch-English Dictionary.

En dis ons hoofdoel: om samewerking te beforder tussen di twe hoofrasse, Afrikaners en Engelse, in ons land: want daartoe is onmisbaar dat hulle wederkerig mekaars tale in sofêr ken dat hulle mekaar kan ferstaan (onbekendhyd met makaars tale is 'n grote bron fan misferstand en wangefoel). Dit word reeds algemeen gefoel en erken. Fan weerskante had ons, feral in di laaste tyd, herhaalde ansoeke om so 'n Woordeboek.^*

And this is our principal aim: to promote co-operation between the leading races, English and Dutch, in South Africa, for which purpose it is indispensable that they should mutually know each other's language in so far that they can understand each other (ignorance of each other's language is a fruitful source of misunderstanding and ill-feeling). This is generally felt and acknowledged. From different sides we have repeatedly been applied to, especially of late, for such a Dictionary. Very characteristic was especially a letter we lately received from an aged ex-member of the late Free State Volksraad, asking for a handbook, as he is busy now studying the English language.

* Karakteristiik was feral n briif fan n bejaarde ex-Volksraadslid fan di gewese Vrystaat, fragende om handboeke. daar hy nou besig is om Engels te leer!

[p. XIV]

En ons het te meer anmoediging tot di uitgaaf gekry deur di gunstige ontfangs wat ons froegere proewe in di rigting had. Eers het ons uitgegé Samesprake in Afrikaans en Engels, in dri Reekse, waarfan tot di fiirde druk uitferkoop is, sodat ons di hele werk hersiin en same in een deel uitgegé het. Daarna het ons uitgegé 'n Fergelykende Taalkunde fan Afrikaans en Engels, wat oek nou herdruk word. Di werk set ons nou fort met di Woordeboek, en as dit goed opneem, soos ons ferwag, dan hoop ons spoedig oek 'n Engels-Afrikaanse Woordeboek uit te gé, en daarna alby same te laat inbinde.	And we were the more encouraged in our undertaking through the success of our former attempts in this direction. First we published Dialogues in Cape Dutch and English, in three Series, of which four editions were sold, so that we revised and published the whole in one volume. Afterwards we published a Comparative Grammar of Cape Dutch and English, of which also a second edition is forthcoming. This work we now continue in the publication of this Dictionary, and if it is as favourably received as we expect, we hope soon to follow it up with an English-Cape Dutch Dictionary, giving both in one volume.
Wat ons gé is egter ni 'n uitfoerige woordeboek ni; ons het ons toegeleg op korthyd gepaard met folledighyd, om 'n handige sakwoordeboek te kry. Daartoe kon ons ni uitdrukkinge gé ni: selfs samegestelde woorde het ons weggelaat waar di samestelling ni 'n andere betekenis kry deur di ferbinding ni, of waar di samegestelde woord ni deur een woord in Engels uitgedruk word ni. Waarfoor is dit nodig om ‘appelkoosboom’ te gé met di fertaling ‘apricot tree’, daar elkeen dit net so goed kan kry deur op alby woorde apart te kyk? En so is daar honderde samegestelde woorde weggelaat. Mar waar so 'n samegestelde woord deur een woord in Engels uitgedruk word het ons dit gegé, soos ‘dood-kis, coffin’, ‘lyk-sang, dirge’, ens.	We do not pretend to give an exhaustive dictionary: our aim was rather to condense, in order to give a handy pocket-dictionary and at the same time as complete as possible. Consequently we do not give idiomatic expressions; we even omit combined words, where the combination does not alter the meaning of the combined words, or where such combined words are not expressed by a single word in English. For why should we give words like ‘appelkoos-boom’ with the translation ‘apricot-tree’, as everyone can find the meaning in looking up both words separately? In this way we have skipped hundreds of words. But where such combined words are expressed in English by one single word, we have retained them, e.g. ‘dood-kis, coffin’; ‘lijk-zang, dirge’, etc.
Ons gé egter ongefeer 16,500 woorde, en daaronder ruim 1,100 suiwer Afrikaanse woorde, dit wil sê woorde wat in Hollans ni foorkom ni, of wat in Hollans ander betekenisse het, en di gé ons met skuinse letters. Afrikaans is 'n fertakking fan Hollans, nes Hollans fan Germaans of Diets, en di weer fan Sanskrit, ens.: daarom het ons di hele Germaanse taalskat tot ons beskikking, en wys ons dus oek ni di woorde an wat ons uit Hollans o'erneem ni, mar fan di wat ons uit andere tale o'erneem wys ons di afkoms an met enkele letters (kyk Ferkortinge). So gé ons oek di rededele met ferkortinge, mar ni di hooftyde fan di werkwoorde ni, omdat	We give about 16,500 words, of which about 1,100 are purley Cape Dutch, in so far that they are not found in Dutch Dictionaries or have a different meaning in Dutch, and such words we give in italics. Cape Dutch is a branch of Dutch, like Dutch of the old Germanic, and this again of Sanscrit, etc.: for this reason Cape Dutch owns the whole thesaurus of Germanic languages, so that we only demonstrate the etymology of words derived from other languages besides Dutch. (See Abbreviations-) Thus we also point out the parts of speech with abbreviations, but not the principal tenses of verbs, as all verbs are regular in Cape Dutch, except the auxiliary

[p. XV]

alle ferfoegings in Afrikaans regelmatig is, behalwe fan di hulpwerkwoorde, en daar wys ons di onfolmaak-ferlede tyd an.	verbs, of which we give the imperfect tense.
Ons plan is om di werk te laat sterio-tipeer by di twede uitgaaf. Inmiddels fersoek ons alle belangstellendes om ons te hulp te kom met ferbeteringe, infullinge, ens., feral fan Afrikaanse woorde wat ons nog ni het ni. Daartoe laat ons enige kopye inbinde met blank papiir tussenin, ter beskikking fan persone wat werkelik bedoel om ons te help met di werk so goed en folledig molik te maak.	We intend stereotyping this work with the second edition. Mean-while we request all interested in it to kindly supply us with any improvements, additions, etc., which they deem desirable, especially of purely Cape Dutch words. For this purpose we will gladly supply copies interleaved with blank paper.
Intussen erken ons dat ons heel wat hulp gehad het fan uitfoerige antekeninge wat gekry is onder di nagelate geskrifte fan o'erlede Mnr. A. Pannevis, een fan di grootste taalgeleerdes wat Suid-Afrika besoek het en wat di eerste stoot gegé het an di beweging om Afrikaans tot skryftaal te erken en te beoefen. Oek het ons heel wat geput uit di ‘Idioticon’ fan Mnr. N. Mansvelt, toen Professor in Moderne Tale an di Stellenbosse College, hoewel hy destyds mar kort in Suid Afrika was en ni feul gerys het ni; sodat syn gegéwens mar afkomstig is fan syn leerlinge, wat hom blykbaar heel wat op di mou gespelde het, sodat syn werk met omsigtighyd moet gebruik worde.	Meanwhile we gratefully acknowledge the assistance we derived from the extensive notes of the late Mr. A. Pannevis (found amongst his papers), one of the greatest philologists that ever visited South Africa and who gave the first impetus to the movement of acknowledging and using Cape Dutch as a written language. We also derived some assistance from the ‘Idioticon’ of Mr. N. Mansvelt, then Prof. of Modern Languages at the Stellenbosch College, although he was then only staying for a short time in South Africa and had seen very little of the country, so that he merely compiled the information he got from his students; consequently his work must be used with circumspection.
Sofeul molik het ons di regel gefolg ‘skryf soos jy praat’. Daarom het ons sulke letters weggelaat as di Afrikaner in syn uitspraak ni gebruik ni, en di woorde gebreng onder di letters wat ons in di plaas daarfan gebruik. So is di woorde wat in Hollanse Woordeboeke foorkom onder C hiir ferplaas onder K, soos ‘Konstitusi’, of onder S, soos ‘Sement’; woorde op Qu kom hiir onder Kw; V kom onder F; X onder Ks; en Z onder S. Dan het by ons di ei en y persiis diselfde uitspraak, daarom gé ons dit almal onder y. Konsekwent ferdubbel ons nooit 'n klinker in 'n op (lees: oop) lettergreep ni, dis dan fanself lang; en ewe konsekwent gé ons in geslote lettergrepe di lange klanke an met ferdubbeling fan diselfde klinkers, dus bat baat, met meet, dip diip, op oop, ur uur.	As far as practicable we have followed the phonetical rule ‘write as you speak’. Consequently we have omitted such letters as are not used in the pronunciation of Cape Dutch and have transferred words commencing with such letters to equivalent letters used in their stead, thus words not found in C here occur under K, as ‘Konstitusie’ or under S, as ‘Sement’; words under Qu are found under Kw; V here under F; X under Ks; and Z under S. And as ei and y have the same pronunciation in Cape Dutch we always use y. Persistently we never double a vowel in an open syllable, it being then long of itself; but on the other hand in a closed syllable we indicate the long sound always by doubling the same vowel, e.g. bat baat, met meet, dip diip, op oop, ur uur.
En hiirmé stuur ons di nuwe werk di wéreld in. Fer elkeen wat weet wat 'n	And herewith we offer this work to the public. Every one that knows what a

[p. XVI]

moeilike werk dit is om 'n woordeboek te maak, feral di eerste woordeboek fan 'n taal, sal dit wel ni nodig wees om ferskoning te fra fer gebreke ni. Mar daarom temeer roep ons elke welmenende beoordelaar op om ons liwers te help met ferbeterings as om fout te soek en te fit.	difficult task it is to compile a dictionary, especially the first dictionary of a language, will need no apology from us for the imperfections of which we feel fully conscious. But for this reason we confidently appeal to all interested, instead of fault-finding, rather to assist us in improving this work for a following edition.
Di uitgewers	The publishers
Paarl, Sept. 1902	Paarl, Sept. 1902