Het groot woorden-boeck: gestelt in 't Nederduytsch, ende in 't Engelsch

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OF SYNTAXIE,

or the order of the CONSTRUCTION of words, called t'SAMEN-VOEGINGE, and first of the Particles.

NOUNES are commonly expressed with Particles; as, De man heeft dat ghedaen, The man hath done that, and not as the Latines doe, Man heeft dat gedaen; and we say, Daer was een mensch, There was a man, and not, Daer was mensch: In this we imitate the Greeke tongue.

A Particle alwayes cometh before a Noune whereof one speaketh; as, De man, The man, Een vrouwe, A woman, De boomen, The trees.

The Particles are often omitted in the Plurall Number; as, Menschen hebben dat ghedaen, Men hath done that, Ghy hebt u als mannen gedragen, Ye have carried your selves as men, Vele goede menschen, Many good men, Daer zijn meer vrome Helden, There are many valiant Champions, &c.

These Nounes following are many times spoken without Particles; as, Wijn, Wine, Water, Water, Goudt, Gold, Zilver, Silver, Loodt, Lead, Tin, Tinne, Rijckdom, Richesse, Armoede, Povertie, Bloodtheyt, Faint-heartednesse, Stoutheydt, Boldnesse, and such like. But if a question be asked; as, What is this? One answereth: Het is wine, It is wine, Het is water, It is water, Het is Rijckdom die menigh mensch ten verderve brenght, It is Riches which bringeth many men to destruction.

Also the names of Countries, Kingdomes, and Townes, are spoken without Particles; as, Engelandt is een Eylandt, England is an Iland, and not, Het Engelandt; Likewise, Vranckrijck is langen tijdt vry gheweest, France hath been a long time free, and not, Het Vranckrijck, The France. But the Particle often comes before; as, Het Ierusalem, betoking some excellencie.

Note that the names of many Cities or Townes will hardly suffer a Particle to come before them, but rather the Relative, Welck, Which, in the coherence of a reason; as, Ierusalem welck David verwon, Jerusalem which David inhabited, Roomen welck over de wereldt heerschte, Rome which domineered over the world.

The names of moneths are often-times uttered without Particles; as, In April, In Mey, Het is nu October, It is now October, and not, the October.

Also the names of many fruits of the earth, may be omitted; as, Gras, Grasse, Kooren, Corne, Metael, Mettell, Peper, Pepper, Wijn, Wine, Loot, Lead, Sijde, Silke; and these Particles are left out in such speeches as these; Gras en Kooren maeyen, To mowe Grasse and Corne, In Metael wercken, To worke in Mettell, Peper koopen, To buy Pepper, Wijn drincken, To drinke Wine, Loot smelten, To melt Lead, Sijde bereyden, To prepare Silke.

But when as the name of a man or of a woman hath an Adjective before it, then it will require a Particle; as De goede Ian, The good John, De kuyssche Susanna, The chast Susanna, De wijse Salomon, The wise Solomon. Otherwise, the proper names of men and women have noe neede of the Particles, and it is an ill manner of speech used by many, when they say, Sault vervolghde den David, ende David versloegh den Goliath; but it is better to leave both the particles Den (The) out, and say, Saul vervolghde David, ende David versloegh Goliath, Saul persecuted David, and David smit Goliath; Except ye speake of a certaine person by the way of excellencie; as, Dat is den David daer van wy spreken, That is the David whereof we speake, Dat is den MESSIAS welcke verwacht was, That is the MESSIAS which was expected.

Also the names of rivers and Mountaines will have Particles before them; as, Den Rhijn, The Rhyne, De Thames, The Themes, Den bergh Atlas, The mount Atlas, De Alpes, The Alpes.

Of the Particles Finite and Indefinite.

The Finite Particles are De and Het, The; for if one saith, De mensch, The man, De boom, The tree, Het beest, The beast, so is understood there-by, that we knowe, Dien

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But if one should say, Een mensch, A man, Een boom, A tree, Een beest, A Beast; there is noe speciall knowledge thereof; and therfore the Particle Een, A, is Indefinite.

Adjectives which are of the Sing. Number, will suffer noe Particles to be set before them: As, Een Wijse, Een Heylige, Een goede, &c. these speeches are imperfect, but are much better spoken in the Plurall Number; As, De Wijse, The Wise, De Heylige, The Saints, De Goede, The Good.

This taketh place in the nomination of nations, people, or citizens; for it is an absurd manner of speech to say, Een Duysche, Een Boheemsche, Een Roomsche, Een Engelsche, which fals harsh in the utterance of them, but rather in stead thereof to say, Een Duytsch, A Dutchman, Een Bohemer, A Bohemian, Een Romeyn, A Romane, Een Engelsch-man, An English-man. But if we speake of a woman, we say more fitly, Het is eene Duytsche, Eene Boheemsche, Eene Roomsche, ofte, eene Engelsche, It is a Dutch, A Bohemish, A Romish, or an English woman, &c.

Of the Construction of Adjectives.

When Adjectives are taken for Substantives, they end sometimes in the Plurall Number in en: As, De Heyligen, The Saints, De dooden, The dead, &c. but for the most part all Adjectives becoming Substantives, fall better by casting off n in the end of a word, and to say, De Rechtvaerdige, The Righteous, De Godtsalige The Godly, &c.

Of Adjectives of the Plurall Number, and in the Genitive, Dative, and Accusative Cases.

Againe; when as Adjectives stand for Substantives, they end the Genitive Case in n: As, Der vromen, Of the good, Der Godsaligen, Of the Godly, Der geleerden, Of the learned.

The Adjectives of the Dative Case end in n, whether with or without Substantives; As, Denn vromen, To the good, Denn Godtsaligen, To the Godly, Denn geleerden, To the learned.

The Accusative Case is like the Nominative: As, De vrome, ofte vromen, The good De Godtsalige, ofte Godtsaligen, The Godly. De geleerde, ofte geleerden, The learned, &c.

When Adjectives of the Neuter Gender stand for Substantives, they have an e upon the end of them: As, Het goede, The good, Het geestelicke, The Spirituall, Het toekomende, The future; and in these manner of speeches they followe the Grecians.

There is a great difference in the word goedt: For if one say, Hy heeft het goedt, that is meant as if one should speake in the Plurall Number, Hy heeft eenige goederen, He hath some goods: And het goede can not be meant of goederen, goods; As for example, De Rijcke en besitten niet altijd het goede, maer wel de goederen deser werelt, The rich possesse not alwayes the good part, but well the goods of this world.

There are some Adjectives, which are declined with s in the end of the Genitive case; As, goedts, quaets, schoons, drooghs, geheels, &c. Which words take place in these speeches; as Veel goedts, Many goods, Wat quaedts, Some evils, Yet schoons, Some thing faire, Drooghs voets, Dry-footed, Niet geheels, Not whole, Hy is rechts, He is right-handed, Hy is slincks, He is left-handed, Hy is goet kindts, He loves children, Goedt paerdts, He loveth horses. Of this nature are also these speeches: As, Een vendel volcks, A colours of men, Een hoop koorens, A heape of corne, Een dronck waters, A draught of water, &c.

With the Adjectives we say, Het Spaensch, The Spanish, Het Latijn, The Latine, Het Fransch, The French, Het Engelsch, The English speech; which being spoken at large, or by circumlocution, one saith, De Spaensche ofte Latijnsche Sprake.

Likewise we say, Op het Fransch, Op het Engelsch, na het Griecks, in stead of, op de Fransche, Engelsche ofte Griecxsche, that is, after the French, English, or Greekish manner: they say also, Op sijn Fransch, Op sijn Engelsch, After the French or English fashion: but this manner of speech is (though very common) more rude then the former.

When Adjectives come with Verbs Substantives, they remaine many times in the

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Neuter Gender without change of termination; As, Hy is vroom, He is honest, it is in Latine, Probum est. Also in the Plurall Number, Wy waren vroom, We were honest, Probum eramus, we say also, Sy was vroom, ende, Sy waren vroom, She was honest, and, They were honest; where there is noe alteration of the Adjective vroom, honest, neither in the Singular nor Plurall number.

Unlesse a Particle cometh betwixt; as, Dat waren de Wijse uyt Oosten, That were the wise men out of the East, Sy zijn die ellendige, They were those miserable ones.

But if to the former words, a Substantive should come, being spoken in the Plurall Number, so must also the Adjectives be of the Plurall Number: As, Wy zijn alle ellendige menschen, We are all miserable men. And, Sy waren vrome lieden, They were honest people.

The Construction of Substantives with the Adjectives.

The Adjectives goe alwayes before Substantives, in Gender, Number, and Case; As, Een goedt man, A good man, De goede vrouwen, The good women, &c.

An Exception.

But contrarie to this rule we finde these speeches, Daer is ontrent twintigh ofte dertigh man, There is about twentie or thirtie man, In stead of, Daer zijn ontrent twintigh ofte dertigh mannen, There are about twentie or thirtie men. Also, Het is twee jaer geleden, in stead of, Het zijn twee jaren geleden, It is two yeare agoe.

A Pronoune Relative needeth not alwayes agree with a Substantive; As, De Bode welcks hulpe ghy gebruyckt, is weder-gekomen, The Messenger whose help you used, is come againe.

When as an Adjective comes befor a Substantive, and the Particle before it, then the Particle must be set before all the words: As, De vrome Godtsalige man, The honest Godly man, De geheele Wet, The whole Law, De gantsche nacht, The whole night. When diverse Adjectives followe one an other, it is very convenient that en or ende come betwixt them; As for example, Een vroom en Godtsaligh man, A honest and a Godly man, Een lange ende duystere nacht, A Long & a dark night.

Note, that for the most part the Conjunction en is used in the stead of ende, and for bevities sake: But whensoever after en these Particles de, den, or die follow, then it is better to say ende, because it may appeare that the word en doth not belong to the word following.

Two Adjectives are often found to come after a Substantive: As, Het is een man goedt-aerdigh en geleert, Het is a man good-natured and learned: Likewise these Adjectives followe the Substantives; As, Door Philips de tweede, By Philip the second, De nacht voorleden, The night past, Een sack vol, A bagge full, Een dagh langh, A day long, &c.

Of two Substantives.

When two Noune Substantives come together, one of them is put in the Genitive Case; As, Pieters boeck, Peters booke, Davids Psalmen, Davids Psalmes, Salomons wijsheydt, Salomons wisedome; which speeches agrees with our English: as also, Godes Woort, Gods Word; so that ye see the declined words are, Pieters, Davids, Salomons, Godes.

Contrarie to this rule, there is an abuse crept in, because some learned men doe followe the Latine manner, and say: De Psalmen Davids, The Psalmes of David, De wijsheydt Salomons, The wisedome of Salomon, Het Boeck Iobs, The Book of Job. Het zaedt Abrahams, The seede of Abraham, Het huys Iacobs, The house of Jacob.

And by this bad custome, these speeches are received for good; as, Kinderen Godts, Gods children, Kinderen Israëls, Israëls children, Man Godts, A man of God, Sone Godts, Gods Sonne, Dienaer Godts, Gods servant, which are all Genitives; as if you should say, The children of Israëll; and so of the rest.

In stead of the declension in the Genitive Case, wee expresse those Substantives more at large; As, De Psalmen van David, The Psalmes of David, De wijsheydt van Salomon, The wisedome of Solomon, &c.

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Note, also the difference, which is in this declension, as, De voorsichtigheydt der vrouwe, The foresight of a woman, ende, Der vrouwe voorsichtigheydt, The womans foresight, &c. But the first is the best phrase.

Observe also, that in stead of declining some words, there is an ill use crept in, that some times those words are undeclined; as Sijn wijfs suster, His wives sister, for, Sijnes wijfs suster, The sister of his wife. As also, Dijn volck Israëls eere, Thy folke Israëls honour, De stadt Haerlems previlegie, The towne of Harlems priviledge, In sijn vaders plaetse, In his fathers place. Heur Ooms dochter, Her Uncles daughter, Sijn moeders sone, His mothers sonne, Dat diers aert, That beasts nature, Van mijn kindts wegen, In my childs behalfe, all which are of the Genitive Case.

When as in a reason two Cases follow one an other, it is a more gracefull speech, that in the place of the one Case, ye put in it the Praeposition Van, Of; As, De macht Van den Vorst der vrede, is more elegant then to say, De machts des Vorsts der vrede, The might of the Prince of peace. As likewise, De Wet van den Geest des levens, is better then if one said, De Wet des Geests des levens, The Lawe of the Spirit of life. Rom. 8.

Opservations of words, which belong to the Genitive Case.

These words, as, Veel, Weynigh, ofte Luttel, Niets, Wat, Meer, Min, Vol, and Een, are many times put into the Genitive Case; as, Veel goedts, Much goods, Weynigh ofte luttel geldts, Little money, Meer verstandts, More understanding, Minder tijdts, Lesser time, Vol drucks, Full of tribulation, Onser een, One of us, Een der borgheren, One of the citizens; which use of words it seeme, our Forefathers have borrowed from the Grecians and Latines.

Note, that these speeches have some affinity with the Genitive Case; As, Hy dede het willens en wetens, ofte onversiens, He did it willingly and wittingly, or unawares, &c.

Genoegh, follows the Genitive Case; As, Moedts genoegh, Courage enough, Goedts genoegh, Goods enough, Der beloften genoegh, or, Beloften genoegh, Promises enough.

Waerdigh and Gelijck, may be put in the Genitive and Dative Cases In the Genitive Case; As , Hy en is mijns niet waerdigh, He is not worthy of mee, Hy en was onser niet waerdigh, He was not worthy of us, Hy en was eener soonaniger plaetse niet waerdigh, He was not worthy of such a place.

And also in the Dative Case; Wie is my gelijck? Who is like unto me? Wie is hem gelijck? Who is like to him? Wie is ons gelijck? Who is like unto us? Wy zijn hun-lieden gelijck, ende sy zijn den Romeynen gelijck, We are like unto them, and they are like to the Romans.

The word wille accommodates it selfe after the Genitive Case: As, Om des woordts wille, For the words sake, or, For love of the word, Om der beloften wille, For the promise sake: or, For love of the promise.

Diverse Phrases upon the Genitive Case: As,

Drooghs voets, Dry foot, that is, with dry foot. Drooghs mondts, With a dry mouth: that is, Nuchters monts, With a fasting mouth. Bloots lijfs, With a naked body. Bloots voets, With bare feete. By tijdts, Be times: that is, In tijdts, In time. Des daeghs, By day. Des tweeden daeghs, The second day. Des nachts, By night, Des sevenden jaers, The seventh yeare. Des Winters, The Winter, or, Of the Winter. Des Somers, The Summer, or, Of the Summer. Eenmael des jaers, Once a yeare, Eens des nachts, Once a night.

These manner of speeches, are proper to the Greeke Tongue, with a little alteration in these following phrases, but tend all to one and the same end: As, Eens ter maendt, Once a month, for, Eens der maendt, Once of the month, Eens ter weke, or, Eens des weecks, Once a weeke, or, Once of the week, Hy gingh sijns weeghs, He went his way, or, on his way, &c.

Of the Adjectives with a Dative Case.

Adjectives and Verbes, which betoken some occasion, opportunity, profit, neerenesse, frendship, propriety, or liknesse, require many

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times a Dative Case; As, Dat is my gelegen, That is an occasion to mee, or for mee. Gode meer gehoorsamen, dan den menschen, To give obedience to God, more then to men. Het is den volcke nut, It is profitable to the people. Het is hun swaer om doen, It is hard for them to doe. Hy is sijnen vader gelijck, He is like to his father. Wy zijn der Wet gestorven, We are dead to the Law. De Locht is allen menschen gemeyn, The Aire is common to all men.

The Construction and use of the PRONOUNES.

THere is some uses and common speeches of Pronounes, worthy of consideration.

The Interrogatorie Wat, What, is used without distinction of Gender or Number; As, Wat soeckt ghy? What seekest thou? Or, Wat doet ghy? What doest thou? By which questions are understood, Ick soecke dat goedt, dien man, ofte, die dingen, I seeke that good, that man, or, those things, &c. This use the Netherdutches have from the Latine, but in these speeches following, they digresse from the Latines, and followe the French; As Dit, ofte dat is mijne dienstmaeght, This or that is my maid-servant. Dit, ofte dat zijn mijne knechten, These, or those are my servants.

Also the Interrogatorie Wat, is used in the Genitive Case; As, Wat wijfs soon? The sonne of what woman? Likewise they say, Welck wijfs soon? Which womans sonne? Wat mans kinderen waren dat? The children of what man were they? in stead of, Welcken mans kinderen, Which mans children, &c.

Wat man hebt ghy het gegeven? What man hast thou given it to? for, Welcken man? Met wat man? With vvhat man? in stead of, Met welcken man? With vvhich man? Met wat vrouwe? With what vvoman? for, Met welcke vrouwe? With vvhich vvoman? Also, Wat beest, ofte beesten? What beast, or beasts? for, Welck beest, ofte beesten? Which beast, or beasts?

Of Pronounes Relatives.

After Die gene (That man, or He) alvvaies follovveth a Pronoune Relative; As, Diegene is geluckigh, welcke Godts Woordt bewaert, That man (or He) is blessed, vvhich keepeth Gods Word. Here ye see that Die gene and welcke, ansvvere one an other. Also, after Die gene may follovve the Relative Die, Which, As, Die gene die dat doet, sal leven, He vvhich doth that, shall live. After Die may follovv an other Die; As, Die dat doet, die sal daer in leven, He vvhich doth that, he shall live therin. Againe, De steen die de bouw-lieden verworpen hebben, die is een Hooft des hoecks geworden. But in-stead of Die, if ye use the Relative Welcke, it is more elegant in saying, De steen welcken de bouw-lieden verworpen hebben, die is tot een hooft des hoecks geworden, The stone which the builders have rejected, is become the chiefe corner-stone. Also it is very gracefull to say, Wie dat doet, Die sal leven, Who doth that, He shall live.

Dat and Die have relation one to an other; As, Dat zijn goede lieden, Die het quade verdragen, They are good people, Which do suffer wrong or evill.

Of Pronounes Possessives.

When Pronounes Possessives are joyned with Substantives, there can noe Particles be set before them; As, Mijn meester, My master, Sijn Oom, His Uncle, Heur Broeder, Her Brother, Onse Vaders, Our Fathers, Vw' Neve, Your Nephew, Haer Vooght, Their Tutour.

But with Pronounes Possessives, the Particles may be added without Substantives or Adjectives; As, Den mijnen, Mine, Den sijnen, Hissen, Den haren, Hirs: but not not, Den mijnen meester, Den sijnen oom, Den haren broeder, &c. which are improper speeches.

It seemeth without doubt, that these Possessives in the Masculine Gender, may end in n with a Particle; in such sort to discerne the Masculine Gender from the Foeminine; as thus: Masc. Dit is den mijnen, This is mine. Foem. Dit is de mijne, This is mine. Dit is den onsen, and, Dit is de onse, This is ours, Den uwen, De uwe, Yours, Den sijnen, Hissen, De sijne, Hers.

The Genders are likewise distinguished, when as the Possessives are spoken without Particles; As, Masc. Vwen, Foem. Vwe, Vw',

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Your. Onsen, Onse, Ons, Ours, and Our. Sijnen, Sijne, Sijn, His, and Hers.

The use of these Pronounes we have in these following speeches; as, Zoude dat den uwen gheweest hebben? Should that have been yours? Mijnen heeft dat gedaen, want uwen en soude het nimmermeer doen, Mine hath done that, for yours would never have done it.

It seemeth also that there be some Adjectives, which ought to be spoken thus, to expresse some speciall seperation; as, Den grooten, The grands, or the great ones, Den machtigen, The mightie, Den Heyligen, The Saints, Eenen rechtvaerdigen, Some righteous man.

In the Relative Pronounes, we use also these manner of speeches; as, De mijne, De heure, De sijne, De uwe, De onse, De hare, that is, Het is mijn volck, Knechten, Dienaren, ofte Kinderen, It is my folke, Men, Servants, or Children, &c.

In these Pronounes also, we use these manner of speeches; as, Tot mijnent, At my house, Tot onsent, At our house, By uwent, By yours, Om sijnent wille, For his sake, Om harent wille, For their sakes, Mijnent halven, For my part, which are now growne much in use.

The CONSTRUCTION of Verbes.

BY Verbes there are often-times some compleat, or dependent words used; as, De man is daer, ofte, De man isser, The man is there; Here these small words daer and ser joyned with the Verbe betoken nothing else, but the Toone of the Pronunication, also in these speeches following, Gaet-er yemant? Goes there one? Gaet hy-der, Goeth he here? And thus we use Daer and Het in the beginning of a reason; as, Daer was een man, There was a man. Het was een sake, It was a case, Al waren het Caesars, Though they were Caesars.

Of Verbes with a Genitive Case.

With the Verbe Zijn, To Be, we have a manner of speech, which signifieth a propertie in the Genitive case; as, De Aerde is des Heeren, The Earth is the Lords, Psal. 24. Also, Dit is mijns Vaders, This is my Fathers, Het is eenes goeden Herders de kudde te scheeren, It is a good Sheep-heard, that sheares the Flock.

Genadigh zijn, requireth also a Genitive Case; As, Weest onser genadigh, Be mercifull to us, or Have mercie on us.

Of Verbes with a Dative Case.

All Verbes which betoken giving or taking away, are of the Dative case; as, Ick geve hun die gifte, I give to them that gift; Hy heeft sijn Vyanden den roof ontnomen, He hath taken the spoile from his enemies; Ick vertoon mijn sake ten Hove, I shewe my cause to the Court; Het was onsen vaderen belooft, maer den kinderen qualick gehouden, It was our Fathers promisse to us, but badly kept to the children; Hy geeft dat sijner Vriendinne, He giveth that to his Shee-frend; Het Rijck komt die toe, The Kingdome belongs to thee; Hun is de eere, The honour is to them, Den vromen zijn alle goederen gemeyn, To the honest all things are common.

Of Verbes with an Accusative Case.

Many Verbes of the Masculine Gender, & of the Singular Number, require an Accusative Case after the Verbe, with the Adjectives after them; as, Ick beminne mijnen Vader, I love my Father, Ick volge mijnen geluckigen Meester, I followe my happie Master, Hy haet sijnen Naesten, He hateth his Neighbour.

Note, that here these Adjectivall Pronounes Mijnen, Mine, Zijnen, His, are put in the Accusative Case, but for the further amplication, & the expression of the necessity of the Dative and Accusative cases, here follow some examples, which may be shunned in the doubtfulnesse of these Cases; as, Ick beminne mijn Vader, I love my Father, that is, O ick beminne mijn Vader, O I love my Father: but, Ick beminne mijnen Vader, that is, Mijn Vader wordt van my bemindt, My Father is beloved by mee.

So likewise, Geluckigh is het volck, welck de Heere verkiest, and, Geluckigh is het volck, welck den Heere verkiest, Blessed is the people, whom the Lord choseth.

Note, that in the first speech, De Heere verkiest het volck, The Lord choseth the people,

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and in the last, De Heere wordt verkoren, The Lord is chosen; Also likewise of Die & Dien; as, Die de Heere bemindt, Those which love the Lord, and, Dien den Heere bemindt, He which loveth the Lord, Ghy die verslagen hebt, Thou which hast beaten, Dien ghy verslagen hebt, Him or whom thou hast beaten, Die ghy verslagen hebt, Those which thou hast beaten; here is doubtlesse three differences of speeches, through a small alteration.

Note, that many Declensions, and Cases, which in the Netherdutch ought to be observed, retaine not alwayes the same alterations, when as Adjectives accompanie them, for we say very fitly, Godt zij lof, God be praised; but if we should say, Den goeden Godt zij lof, ofte, Onsen Godt zij lof, that were not so proper; also we say, Godt heeft ons ten goede gheschapen, God hath created us for good; but by the word Goede it will not suffer any adjective to come with it; as, Ten eeuwigen goeden, For everlasting good, ofte, Ten besten goeden, For the best good.

Of Adjectives after Substantives.

When as after a Noune proper an Adjective cometh, it is put in the Nominitive Case; as, Beleyt door Spil-bergen den Veldt-overste, Conducted by Spil-bergen the Generall, Over-wonnen van Alexander de Groote, Conquered by Alexander the Great, Door Philippus de tweede, By Philip the second.

Of Impersonall Verbes.

Impersonall Verbes with a Pronoune are put in the Dative Case; as, Het geschiedt my, It hapned to mee, Het ghebeurt allen menschen, It hapneth to all men, Wien en soude sulcks niet ontmoeten, To whome should not such a thing befall.

Verbes also become Impersonall by putting of words in the Dative Case, as in stead, Ick dorst, I thirst; one saith, My dorst, I thirst, Ick verlange, I long, My verlanght, I long, Sy beswaren, They grieve, Hun bewaert, &c.

Of the Placing of Adjectives.

Adjectives come commonly before Substantives; as, Mijn Vader, My Father, Een goede saecke, A good cause, De eenvoudighe ofte simpele oprechtigheydt, The simple uprightnesse.

But these manner of speeches, when the Adjective followes the Substantive; as, O Godt mijn, Vwe wegen goet, De Sterren klaer; Mijn, Goet, Klaer, are growne out of use as-well in Prose as in Verse.

The usuall place of the Genitive Case, is upon the end of a reason in the Plurall Number; as, De naerstigheydt der getrouwe Dienaren, The diligence of the Faithfull Ministers, Het Gebedt der Godt-zaligen, The Prayer of the Godly.

But in the Singular Number, the Genitive is put before the reasons, which oftentimes is a Noune Substantive; as, Onses Vaders Erve, Inheritance of our Fathers, Des Koningh Davids Psalmen, Psalmes of King David, Onses Heeren CHRISTUS Lijden, Passion of our Lord CHRIST.

Of the Indicative Moode.

The Pronounes, Ick, I, Ghy, Thou, Hy, He, for the Singular Number, Wy, Wee, Ghy, ofte Ghy-lieden, Yee, Sy, ofte Sy-lieden, They: for the Plurall Number, and Indicative Moode come before Verbs; as, Ick doe, I doe, Ghy doet, Thou Doest, Hy doet, He doth, Wy doen, Wee doe, Ghy-lieden doet, Yee doe, Sy-lieden doen, They doe.

But in asking or demanding a question, these Pronounes followe Verbes; as, Wilt ghy? Wilt thou? Doe ick? Doe I? Doet ghy? Doest thou? &c.

When as before Verbes, there comes an Adverbe, then the Verbes come before the Pronounes; as:

Doe deden wy dat, Then did wee that.

Gister waren wy vrolick, Yesterday were wee merrie.

In double Pronounes, as, Ick die, I which, Ghy die, Thou which, Ghy-lieden die, Yee

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which, Sy die, They which, Ick self, I my selfe, Ghy self, Thou thy self, &c. alwayes the Pronounes, Ick, Ghy, Sy, and Wy, must be set before. As, Ick die dat doe, I which doe that; Ghy die in den Hemel zijt, Thou which art in Heaven; Wy die verslegen hebben, We which have smitten.

Otherwise the sense of the words are changed, As, Die ick dat doe, Which I doe that, and, Die wy verslegen hebben, Which we have smitten. So that the setting of these words before, make an alteration in the sense.

In the Present and Praeter-imperfect tenses, in the place of Verbes, as thus:

Ick hebbe werck, I have worke.

Ghy hebt wijsheydt, Thou hast wisedome.

Wy hebben alle dingen, Wee have all things.

In the Praeter-perfect, Praeter-pluperfect, and Future tenses:

Ick hadde werck gehadt, I had had worke.

Ghy haddet wijsheydt gehad, Thou hadst had wisedome.

Wy sullen alle dingen hebben, We shall or will have all things.

Many words, as, Die, Welcke, Als, Gelijck, Och, Op dat; As,

Als ick dat doe, When I doe that.

Ick die dat doe, I who doe that.

Ick welcke dat doe, I which doe that.

Op dat ick dat doe, To the end I doe that.

The words, Sal, Sullen, Soude, and Souden, are used in the Indicative Moode before Verbs of the Infinitive Moode; As,

Ick sal arbeyden, I shall or will labour.

Wy souden veel meer bedrijven, We should doe much more.

Wy sullen op die sake hopen, Wee will hope upon that businesse.

But in these following speeches, these words come after the Infinitive Moode: As,

Wanneer ick arbeyden sal, When I shall labour.

Als wy wel veel bedrijven souden, When wee should doe much.

Als wy op de sake hopen sullen, When wee shall hope on that businesse.

But when as in a reason there are Infinitive Moodes, then these words come never before the Verbes: As,

Op dat ick dat soude gaen doen, To the end I should goe to doe that.

Als ghy dat sult gaen doen, When thou shalt goe to doe that.

Als sy-lieden souden loopen jagen, When they should goe to hunt.

Verbes of the Infinitive Moode.

A Verbe of the Infinitive Moode, is oftentimes put in the place of a Noune Substantive, which the Netherdutches borrowe from the Greeke Tongue; As, Rijck zijn is meer in het gebruycken, dan in het besitten, To be rich is more in the use, then in the possession. Where note, that gebruycken, To use, and besitten, To possesse, become Substantives.

Againe: Scherp om alles te doorsien, Sharp-sighted to see through all things; Hy oordeelt het te wagen, He judgeth to hazard it; Hy gingh arbeyders hueren, He went to hire labourers; He gingh te vechten, He went to fight.

Where note, that when two Verbes followe one an other, the last is the Infinitive Moode.

Of the Construction of Adverbes.

THe use of Adverbes is partly showne before in the description of Adverbes, but we will shew now some more particular use of them.

Tot, (which signifieth To) is a motion to a place: As, Tot Delft, ofte Na Delf toe, Towards Delf, Tot Amsterdam, ofte, Na Amsterdam toe, Towards Amsterdam.

The names of some Townes require Ter in stead of Tot: As, Ter Goude, Ter Veer.

When one speaketh of any thing that is hapned, they use this Particle te: As, Het geschiede te Leyden, It hapned at Leyden, Het is te Amsterdam gedruckt, It is printed at Amsterdam: but we finde oftentimes, Tot Leyden, At Leyden, &c. which notwithstanding declines from the right use.

Also with the word Tot we expresse some thing that hath been done, as in these speechs;

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Tot Vaders, At my Fathers house, Tot Pieters, At Peters, Tot onsent, At our house, Tot sijnent, At his house.

In, is commonly set before the names of townes and countries; as, In Leyden, In Leyden, In Delft, In Delf, In Engelandt, In England, In Hollandt, In Holland, In Christen-rijck, In Christendome.

And the Praeposition In, we have in these speeches; as, In tween snijden, In two cuts, also, In drien, In three, In vieren, In Foure, In vijven, In Five, &c. In desen, that is, In dese dingen, In these things, and In dien, that is, In die dingen, In those things, In velen, that is, In vele dingen, In many things.

Of the CONSTRUCTION of Praepositions.

OP der aerden, Upon the earth.

Van eenderley meyninge zijn, To be of one meaning or minde. Met der haest, ofte metter haest, With hast.

Likewise we say also, Wt der stadt, ofte, Van der stadt, Out of the towne, or, From the towne, Met der tijdt, ofte metter tijdt, With time. Tot der doodt, ofte totter doodt, To the death, or till death. Wt der natuyre, ofte uytter natuyre, Out of nature, or by nature.

These Praepositions, By, Met , Te, Ten, and Ter, we use in these speeches:

By allen, By all.

By velen, By many.

By desen, By this.

By tijdts, Be times.

By tween, By two.

By drien, By three.

By vieren, By foure.

By vijven, By five.

By lichten dage, By day light.

By den wege, By the way.

Met eenen, tween, drien, With one, two, or three, &c.

Met allen, With all.

Met namen, With name, or by name.

Te voet, To foot, or a foot.

Te paert, A horseback.

Te scheep, A Shipboard, or by ship.

Te lande, A land, or by land.

Te rade, To counsell.

Te gronde, To the bottome.

Te rugge, Backward.

Te nacht, To night.

Te recht, ofte ten rechten, A right, or rightly.

Te rechte, To lawe.

Te veel, Too much.

Te weynigh, Too little.

Te kort, Too short.

Te langh, Too long.

Te breedt, Too broad.

Te huys, ofte t' huys, At home.

Ten eenen, tween, ofte drien, At one, tvvo, or three.

Ten eersten, At the first, or first.

Ten tweeden, Secondly.

Ten uyttersten, At the utmost.

Ten langen lesten, At the very last.

Ten minsten, At the lest.

Ten meesten, At the most.

Ten Oosten, At East.

Ten Westen, At West.

Ten hooghsten, At the highest.

Ten deele, Partly.

Ten quade, In ill part.

Ten goede, In good part.

Ten wille zijn, At vvill or pleasure.

Ten leven, To the quick.

Ter maeltijdt, At dinner, at meale-time.

Ter Bruyloft, At the Mariage.

Ter plaetse, At the place.

Terstondt, Presently.

Ter tijdt, At the time.

Ter contrarie, Contrarie-vvise.

Ter aerden, To the earth.

Ter Hellen ,To Hell.

Ter doodt, To death.

Ter poorten in-gaen, To goe in at the gates.

Ter selver tijdt, At the same time.

Ter goeder uyre, At a good hovvre.

Ter laetster tijt, At, or in the last time, &c.

An Observation of words of Number.

Words of Number are these, Een, Twee, Drie, Vier, Vijf, Ses, Tien, these vvords are used in these speeches follovving:

By eenen, Nigh one a clock, By tween, Nigh two a clock, By dryen, Neere three a clock, Met ons tween, With us two, Met sijn drien, With his three, Met haer vieren, With their foure. Or thus: Met sijn tweeder, derder, vierder, &c. Hy quam met de elve, He came with the eleven, Ick kome met tiene, I come with ten, Ick hebbe het van een, van twee, ofte van drie gehoort, I have heard it of one, two, or of three. Dat is een van de twee, ofte van de drie, That is one of the two, or of the three. In tween, drien ofte vieren, In two, three, or foure peeces, &c.

And thus have hou the use and phrases of the Netherdutch Praepositions.