Het groot woorden-boeck: gestelt in 't Nederduytsch, ende in 't Engelsch

Of a PRONOUNE.

A Pronoune is a part of Speech, much like a Noune, which is used in Shewing, Rehearsing, or Asking.

The Netherdutch Pronounes are these: Ick, Du, or Ghy, Hy, Zy, or Ze, Die, Deze, Wie, Welcke, Mijn, Dijn, Onze, Vw', Gene, Zelf.

The Accidents or Division of Pronounes are these:

Pronounes are considered in their

Gender, which is, Masculine, Fœminine, and Neuter.

Number, which is, Singular and Plurall.

Person, which is, First, Second, and Third, in both numbers.

Species, which is, Primitive, and Derivative.

Figure, which is, Simple, and Compound.

Qualitie, which is, Possessive, Demontrative, Relative, and Asking.

Declension, which is, Second, Third, and Fourth, through the Cases.

Note, that Pronounes are never found without Verbes Active, or Passives, and the Verbes goe seldome alone without Pronounes, and therefore it should not seeme strange to call them the Active members or particles of Verbes, by reason of their inseparable affinitie.

Of their Gender.

All Pronounes belong to three Genders, and are used in all Genders without any change upon the end of words; as, Ick, I, Ghy, Thou, Sy-luy, or Sy-lieden, They, Wy-lieden, Wee, &c.

But those which suffer any change upon their terminations, you shall finde their differences in the Genders mentioned before.

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Of the Number.

The Number of the Pronounes are two:

The Singular is, Ick, I, Du, or Ghy, Thou, Hy, He.

The Plurall is, Wy, Wee, Ghy-luy, or, Ghy-lieden, Yee, Sy, or, Sy-lieden, They.

Of the Persons.

There are three Persons:

The first Person is which speaketh; as, Ick, I.

The second Person is to whome one speaketh; as, Du or Ghy, Thou.

The third Person is of whome one speaketh; as, Hy, He.

Of the Species.

There are two kinds of Pronounes, to wit, Primitives, and Derivatives.

The Primitives; as, Ick, I, Ghy, Thou, Hy, He, Sy, or, Sy-lieden, They, Wie, Who, Welcke, Which, &c.

The Derivatives; as, Mijn, Mine, Dijn, Thine, Vw', Your, Dese, This, Sijn, His, &c. These come from the Primitives.

Of the Figure.

The Pronounes are either Simple; as, Ick, I, Du, Thou, Hy, He: or Compound; as, Ick-zelve, I my-selfe, Die-zelve, or Hy-zelve, He him-selfe, Sy-selven, They themselves, Die-gene, This same, Dat-gene, That same, Het-gene, The same, De-welcke, or die-welcke, The which, &c.

Of the Qualitie.

The Qualitie of Pronounes are of foure severall sorts, namely, Demonstrative, Possessive, Relative, and Interrogative.

The Demonstratives are, Ick, I, Ghy, Thou, Hy, He, Die, or Dese, This.

The Possessives betoken some property, and are these; Mijn, Mine, Dijn, Thine, Sijn, Hissen, Ons, Ours, Vw', Yours.

The Relative Pronouns are those which have relation to some thing, which was spoken off before; as, Die, He, Wie, Who, Welcke, Which. These Relatives fall in these and such speeches; as, Hy heeft nu ghewaeckt, die altijdt pleeght te slapen, He hath now watched, who had wont alwayes to sleep. Againe: Hy wiens dienst ick noode ghebruycke, He whose service I had need off. Vw' broeder, dien ghy meest bemint, Your brother, whome you love best. Dat scherp swaerdt, welcke ick ontkomen ben, That sharpe sword, which I have escaped. Het zijn quaedt-aerdige lieden, dewelcke onversoenelick zijn, Those are ill-natured people, the which are unreconciliable; And in these Phrases you see the use of the Relatives.

The Interrogative Pronouns are those, whereby one asketh a question; as, Wie? Who? Welcke? Which? Wat? What? Exemple; Wie is dat? Who is that? Welcke is het beste? Which is the best? Wat is een mensch? What is a man?

Of the Declension.

The Pronounes, which in declining differ some-thing from the common rule, are these; Ick, I, Ghy, Thou, Hy or Die, He, Dat, That, Welck, Which, Mijn, Mine, Dijn, Thine, Ons or Onse, Our or Ours, Vw', or Gene, Yours, Wie, Who, Self, Selfe.

The Declension of the word Ick, I.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Ick, I.

Gen.    Mijns, Mijnes, or Van my, Of Me.

Dat.    Aen my, To Me.

Abla.    Van my, From Me.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Wy, or, Wy-lieden, Wee.

Gen.    Onser, Of Us.

Dat.    Ons, or, Aen ons, To Us.

Abla.    Van ons, From Us.

The Particle me, is used in many speeches in the Accusative Case; as, Hy heeft-me gheslagen, He hath strocken mee; Sy hebben-me veracht, They have dispised mee.

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Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Du, Ghy, Thou.

Gen.    Dijns, Van dijnes, or van u, Of thine, Of thou, or Of thee.

Dat.    Dy, or, Aen u, To you, or, To thee.

Abla.    Van u, or, van dijn, From thee.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Ghy, or Ghy-lieden, Ye, or, You.

Gen.    Vwer, u-lieder, or, van u-lieden, Of yee, or, Of you.

Dat.    V, u-lieden, or, aen u-lieden, To you.

Abla.    Van u-lieden,or van dijn-lieden, From yee, or, From you.

Note, that in speaking to one to use Ghy, is more gentile then Du; Example: Ghy hebt het gedaen, You have done it; then to say: Du hebst ghedaen, Thou hast done it; for Du is used in words of vilifying; as, Du schelm, Thou rogue.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Hy, or, Sy, He, or, She.

Gen.    Sijns, Sijnes, or, Van hem, Of him.

Dat.    Hem, or Aen hem, To him.

Accu.    Hem, Him.

Abla.    Van hem, From him.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Wy, or, Wy-lieden, Wee.

Gen.    Harer, Hunner, or, Van haer, Of them.

Dat.    Hun, or, Aen haer-lieden, To them.

Accu.    Hen, or, Heur-lieden, Them.

Abla.    Van hun, or, Van heur-lieden, From them.

The declension of Sy, Shee.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Sy, Shee.

Gen.    Haers, Hares, or, heurs, Hirs, or, Of her.

Dat.    Heur, or, Aen heur, To her.

Abla.    Van heur, From her.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Sy, Sy-luy, or Sy-lieden, They.

Gen.    Heurer, Of theirs.

Dat.    Hun, or, Aen hun, To them, or, To theirs.

Abla.    Van hun, or, Van heurr-lieden, From theirs, or, From them.

We make Heurr with a double r, to distinguish the Singular number from the Plurall.

And by this diversitie of Pronounes, we very fitly distinguish the Gender of words, in these manners of speeches; as, Hare vaders, Their fathers, being spoken of the Masculine, and Heure vaders, of the femenine Gender. De schoonheydt is in heure deucht, The beautie is in her vertue, spoken of a woman; De sterckte sijner hope, The strength of his hope, spoken of a man.

The declension of Hy, in the Singular number.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Hy, Hee.

Gen.    Sijns, or, Sijnes, Of him.

Dat.    Zich, To him.

Abla.    Van zich, From him.

The difference betweene Hem and Zich, is descerned by these speeches; as, Hy ontschuldight zich, He excuseth him-self; but when one saith: Hy ontschuldight hem, He excuseth him, it is to be understood of an other.

Of Possessives.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Mijn, Mine.

Gen.    Mijnes, or, Van mijn, Of mine.

Dat.    Mijnen, or, Aen mijn, To mine.

Abla.    Van mijn, From mine.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Mijne, Mine.

Gen.    Mijner, or, Van mijne, Of mine.

Dat.    Aen mijne, To mine.

Abla.    Van mijn, From mine.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Gen.    Dijnes, or, Van dijn, Of thine.

Dat.    Dijn, or, Aen dijn, To thine.

Abla.    Van dijn, or, Dijnen, From thine.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    /Dijne, or, Vwe, Thy, or, Thine.

Gen.    Dijner, or, Van dijnen, Of thine.

Dat.    Aen dijnen, To thy, or thine.

Abla.    Van dijnen, From thine.

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Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Sijn, His.

Gen.    Sijn, Sijnes, or, Van sijn, Of His, or Hissen.

Dat.    Sijnen, or, Aen sijnen, To His.

Abla.    Van sijn, or Sijnen, From his, or Hissen.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Sijne, His.

Gen.    Sijner, or, Van sijne, Of His.

Dat.    Aen sijne, To His.

Abla.    Van sijne, From His.

The Declension of Onse, and Vwe, Our, and Your.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Onse, Our.

Gen.    Onses, Of Ours.

Dat.    Onsen, To Ours.

Abla.    Van onsen, From Ours.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Onse, Ours.

Gen.    Onser, Of Ours, or, Of Us.

Dat.    Onsenn, or, Aen onsen, To Ours.

Abla.    Van onsen, From Ours.

The Foeminine and Neuter Genders differ very little, but in the Dative Cases: As, Onserr, and Onses.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Vwe, or V-lieden, You, or Your.

Gen.    Van V-lieden, Of Your.

Dat.    Vwen, or, Aen V-lieden, To You.

Abla.    Van uwe, or, Van uwe-lieden, From You, or Your.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Vwer-lieden, Yours.

Gen.    Vwer, or, Vwer-lieden, Of Yours.

Dat.    Aen uwer-lieden, To Yours.

Abla.    Van uwer-lieden, From Yours.

Demonstratives.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Dit, This.

Gen.    Deses, or, Van dit, Of this.

Dat.    Desen, or, Aen dese, To This.

Abla.    Van dit, From This.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Dese, These.

Gen.    Deser, or, Van dese, Of These, or, Of Those.

Dat.    Desenn, or, Aen desen, To These, or, To Those.

Abla.    Van dese, From these, or, From those.

Also, Die, That, is declined in the same manner, onely Die of the Foeminine Gender hath in the Genitive Case Dier, Of that, and in the Dative Case Dierr, To that.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Dat, That.

Gen.    Dat, or, Van dat, Of That.

Dat.    Dien, or, Aen dat, To That.

Abla.    Van dat, or, Van dien, From That.

The Meervoudt, or Plurall, is as above.

Note, that the word Dat, doth not alter from the Nominative Case into the Genitive, but by the Preposition Van, Of: For we say, Dat Diers aert. The nature of that Beast, Dat landts lengde, The lenght of that land, Dat Waters onstuymicheyt, The raging of that water, in which speeches Dat, the Genitive are expressed.

Of the Adjective Self

Ick Selve, I my Selfe, Ons Selve, Our Selves, V-selve, Your Selfe, Hem-selve, Him-selfe, Haer ofte Hun-selve, Them-selves, or Their-selves.

Also, Dit Selve, This Same, Dat Selve, That Same, Dese Selve, These Same, Die Selve, Those Same, all which may be declined through the Cases.

Masc. De Selve Man, The Same man.

Foem. De Selve vrouwe, The Same woman.

Neut. Het Selve Dier, The Same Beast.

Note, that the word Self nameth ever-more one Person; as, Ick hebbe het Self gedaen, I have done it my Selfe, Het is mijnes Selfs werck, It is my owne worke, Ick en hebbe mijn Selven niet konnen helpen, I could not helpe my Selfe.

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Of the Relatives VVie, VVien, and VVelcke, Who, Whome, Whose, and Which.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Wie, or Wien, Who, or Whome.

Gen.    Van Wie, or Wien, Of Who, or, Of Whome.

Dat.    Aen Wie, or, Aen wien, To Who, or, To Whome.

Abla.    Van Wie, or, Van Wien, From Who, or, From Whome.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Wiens, Whose.

Gen.    Wiens, or, Van Wiens, Of Whose.

Dat.    Aen Wiens, To Whose.

Abla.    Van Wiens, From Whose.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Welcke, Which.

Gen.    Welcken, or, Van Welcke, Of Which.

Dat.    Aen Welcke, To Which.

Abla.    Van Welcke, From Which.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Welcken, Which.

Gen.    Welcker, or, Van Welcken, Of Which.

Dat.    Aen Welcken, To Which.

Abla.    Van Welcken, From Which.

And thus being compounded with De, or Den, it may be declined through the Cases; as, De-welcke, Den welcken, Het welck, The which.

The Pronounes also become Interrogatives, that is, Vragende; As, Wie is dat? Who is that? Welcken is de best? Which is the best? Wat is een mensch? What is a man? &c.

Note, that Welck, Which, hath in the Genitive Case Welcken, and Welcks, of Which: Ander, Other, hath Anders, and Anderen, Of Others; Yeder, Each, hath Yeders, and Yederen, Of Each: Yegelick, Every one, hath Yegelicks, and Yegelicken, Of Every one: Elck, Each, hath Elcks, and Elcken, Of Each; and these have their severall uses: for wee say, Welcks goederen, Of Which mans goods, and not, Welcks mans goederen, but very fitly, Welcken mans goederen, Of Which mans goods. Also we say, Yegelicks werck, and Yegelicken mensches werck, The worke of Every one, and not, Yegelicks mensches werck.

The difference betweene Gene, That, and Geene, None.

Gene, is a Pronoune, That, and Geene, is a Negative, None; as, Ick en hebbe Geene, I have None.

The Declension of the word Alle, All.

Masc.    Alle mensch, Every man.

Foem.    Alle vrouwe, Every woman.

Neut.    Alle dier, Every beast.

And in the Plurall Number ye have Alle also without change; For the Netherdutches say, Alle mannen, All men, Alle vrouwen, All women, Alle dieren, All beasts.

Alle in the Masculine Gender is thus declined.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom.    Alle, All, or Every.

Gen.    Alles, Of All, or, Of Every.

Dat.    Allen, or, Aen allen, To All, or, To Every.

Abla.    Van allen, From all, or, from every one.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom.    Alle, All.

Gen.    Aller, Of All.

Dat.    Allenn, or, Aen allenn, To All.

Abla.    Van Allen, or, Van aller, From All.

Alle, in the Foeminine Gender, and the Genitive Case, is Aller, Of all, and Alle; and in the Neuter Gender, you have Alles, Allen, and Alle, Of all, or Of every.

The Plurall Number is alike in all the three Genders, except in the Plurall Number, and the Neuter Gender it is Alles, All things, or, Every thing. And thus much of the Accidents, belonging to a Pronoune.