Het groot woorden-boeck: gestelt in 't Nederduytsch, ende in 't Engelsch

(2010)–Henry Hexham– rechtenstatus

Of a NOUNE.

NOUNES (called Namen, or Naem-woorden) may fitly be anotomized, according to the figure of this Table following, which doth declare the order and description of them.

Nounes are either:

Subtantives, or Adjectives, which are considered in their:

Quality, vvhich is:

Proper, or Common.

Comparison, vvhich is:

Positive, Comparative, and Superlative.

Gender, vvhich is:

Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter.

Species, vvhich is:

Primitive, and Derivative.

Number, vvhich is:

Singular, & Plurall.

Figure, vvhich is:

Single and Double.

Declension, vvhich is:

The second, third, and fourth Cases.

The definition of Nounes.

Nounes are words, wherewith things corporeall and incorporeall, visible and invisible are named; as Godt, God, Geest, Spirit, Mensch, Man, Dier, Beast, Hemel, Heaven, Aerde, Earth, Lucht, Aire, Water, Water, Vyer, Fire, Wint, Winde, & thousands more.

Of the division of Nounes.

Nounes (as is above said) are considered in their Hoedanigheydt, that is, Quality, Vergelijckinge, Comparison, Geslacht, Gender, Aert, Species or Kind, Getal, Number, Figuere, Figure, Buyginge, Declension. Of these in order.

Of the Quality.

Nounes are either Eygen ofte Gemeyn, that is, Proper and Common.

A Noune Proper is that, which belongeth onely to one thing; as, Peter, London, Thames.

A Noune Common is that, which is common to many things; as, Mensch, Man, Stadt, Towne, Revier, River.

A Noune common is Self-standigh, Substantive, or By-voegelick, that is, Adjective.

Nounes Substantives are those, which standeth of themselves, and perfectly betoken that which one nameth; as Man, Man, Vrouwe, Woman, Wijf, Wife, Bergh, Mountaine, Stadt, City, Hof, Court.

Nounes Adjectives are such as showe the countenance and forme of a thing, but not the thing it selfe; as Goedt, Good, Schoon, Faire, Sterck, Strong; these and others may be added to Substantives: as, Goedt landt, Good land, Een schoone stadt, A faire towne or city, Een sterck huys, A strong house.

Observe also how you are to discerne (By-woorden ofte By-namen) that is an Adjective from a Substantive.

The names of all things which have being are Substantive words.

Also there may be a distinction of words after an other manner, as for example one asketh or would know whether Good is a Substantive or an Adjective, set then this word Good before any knowne Substantive word, suppose it to be man, which make together Goedt man, a Good man, which shewing a reason gives one to understand that Good is an Adjective: for two Substantive words cannot stand one with an other, unlesse they be made one word.

Of comparison, called Vergelijckinge.

Every Adjective is either compared or not compared.

There be three Degrees of Comparison: The Positive, Stellinge, Comparative, Vergrootinge, Superlative, Wtnemende.

The Positive betokens the thing absolutely without excesse; as, Rijck, Rich, Arm, Poore, Iongh, Young, Oudt, Old, Bequaem, Fit.

The Comparative exceedeth the Positive; as, Rijcker, Richer, Armer, Poorer, Ionger, Younger, Ouder, Older, Bequamer, Fitter, or more Fit.

The Superlative exceedeth its Positive in the highest Degree; as, Rijckst, Richest, Armst, Poorest, Ionghst, Youngest, Oudtst, Oldest, Bequaemst, Fittest, or most Fit.

These Comparatives take commonly a r upon the end of the word, and in the Superlative Degree take to them-selves st; as Sterck, Strong, Stercker, Stronger, Sterckst, Strongest; Zoet, Sweete, Zoeter, Sweeter, Zoetst, Sweetest; Wijs, Wise, Wijser, Wiser, Wijst, Wisest; which in the Comparatives and Superlatives agree with the English.

Some Adjectives are irregular, and swerve from this rule of Comparison, as in their Positive; Goedt, Good; Quaedt, Ill or Bad; Groot, Great. Comparative, Beter, Gooder or Better; Quader ofte Erger, Badder or Worser; Grooter ofte Meerder, Greater or More. Superlative, Best, Best; Quaedest ofte Erghst, Badde or Worst; Grootst ofte Meest, Greatest or Most.

All Adjectives ending in l n and r, being compared, have in their termination der; as for example; Snel, Swift, Snelder, Swifter; Schoon, Faire, Schoonder, Fairer; Swaer, Heavie, Swaerder, Heavier; these also are irregular from the common rule.

The incomparable Adjectives are called Particles, which end in en; as, Gehouden, Hold or Bound, Gekomen, Come, Geroepen, Called, &c.

Also all the names of Numbers are not compared; as, Een, One, Twee, Two, Drie, Three, Vier, Foure, &c.

Of the Gender of Nounes, called in Netherdutch, Geslacht der woorden.

All Nounes are differenced in three Genders, namely, het Mannelick, the Masculine; het Vrouwelick, the Foeminine; and the Geenerley, called the Neuter.

A Substantive of the Masculine Gender is a word of the Male kinde; as, Dese eerlicke man, This honest man.

A Foeminine Substantive is a word of the Female kinde; as, Die schoone vrouwe, That faire woman.

A Neuter Substantive is a word of the Neuter kinde, and is neither Masculine, nor Foeminine; as, Het moy huys, The fine house.

1. All names as Goden, Gods, Engelen, Angels, Geesten, Spirits, are of the Masculine Gender; As also, Petrus, Peter, Paulus, Paul, Timmerman, carpenter, Wercker, a Worker.

2. All names which belong unto women, are of the Foeminine Gender; as, Maria, Mary, Anna, Annis, Moeder, Mother, Suster, Sister, Naeyster, Semster, Breydster, Kniter: saving the vvord Wijf, vvich is of the Neuter Gender.

3. All Verbes Actives of the Infinitive Moode, vvhen they are made Substantives, and the Particle Het commeth before them, belong to the Neuter Gender; as, Het wercken, The vvorking, Het loopen, The running, Het rusten, The resting, Het lijden, The suffrance; herein the Netherdutches follovve both the Greeke and the French in making of their Infinitives Substantives.

4. All Verball vvords vvhich begin with ge, be, or ver, are of the Neuter Gender; as, Het gewerck, The Work, Het begrijp, The apprehension, Het verhael, The rehearsall.

5. All Adjectives are of the Neuter Gender vvhen they are set for Substantives; as, Het recht, The right, Het rondt, The round, Het gelijck, The like, &c.

6. All Diminutives are of the Neuter Gender; as, Het manneken, The little man, Het wijfken, The little vvoman or vvife, Het boomken, The little tree, Het huysken, The little house or cottage; vvhere note that all Diminutives end in ken.

Also vvords of Number, as, Het paer, The paire, Het dozijn, The dussen, Het twintighste, The tvventieth, Het hondertste, The hundreth, Het duysentste, The thousandth.

Finally, the names of Rivers are of the Foeminine Gender; as, De Mase, The Maze, De Iordaen, The Jordan, De Schelde, The Scheld, De Ysel, The Isel: Except the Rhijn, vvhich is of the Masculine Gender.

How to know Substantive words according to their Gender by their terminations.

1. All Nounes vvich end in heyt, are of the Foeminine Gender; as, Wijsheyt, Wisedome, Schoonheyt, Fairenesse or Beauty, Goetheyt, Goodnesse; vvhere note that the termination heyt ends in English in nesse or tie.

2. Likevvise all Verball vvords vvhich end in inge, isse, and ye; as, De gevinge, The giving, De lijdinge, The suffring, De visscherye, The fisherie, De hoovaerdye, The pride: all vvhich and many more, are of the Foeminine Gender, saving Getuygenisse, vvhich is of the Neuter Gender.

3. Also all Verball vvords, vvhich in stead of heyt end in te; as, De sterckte, The strength, De groote, The great, De Dickte, The thick; In stead of Sterckheyt, Strongnesse, Grootheyt, Greatnesse, Dickheyt, Thicknesse.

4. Also the Latine & French words which end in ie or y; as, De Gratie, The Grace or Favour, De Blamatie, The Blame, The Executie, The Execution, De Harmonye, The Harmonie, De Valeye, The Valewe, are of the Foeminine Gender.

5. Denominatives, which end in dom; as, Het Bisdom, The Bishoprick, Het Hertochdom, The Dukedome, Het Pausdom, The Papacie, are of the Neuter Gender.

But Rijckdom, Riches, is Masculine, as also Dom, A Cathedrall Church.

6. Also words ending in ment; as, Het Testament, The Testament, Het Tractement, The entertainment, Het Present, The Present.

Unto the Neuter Gender belong the Denominatives, which end in schap; as, Het Lantschap, The Countrie or territorie, Het Maeghschap, The Kindred: Except Blyschap, Joy or Blisse, Vriendtschap, Frendship, which are of the Foeminine Gender.

Note, that when a Substantive is coupled with an other, they are of the Gender of the last word; Example, Koop-stadt, A Mart-towne, Mis-daedt, A mis-deed, Ongeneucht, Displeasure, and are of the Foeminine Gender, because stadt, daedt, and geneucht, are of the Foeminine Gender.

Nounes of the Maculine & Neuter Gender cast off e upon then end of a word; as, Man, Man, Boom, Tree, Bergh, Hill. But these Masculines keepe the e upon the end; as, Name, Name, Neuse, Nose, Reuse, Gyant, Zone, Sonne.

Also these vvords of the Neuter Gender retaine e upon the end of a vvord; as Eynde, End, Geloove, Faith, Herte, Hart, Bedde, Bed. And thus much of the Genders of a Noune Substantive.

Of the difference of Adjectives according to their three Genders.

All Adjectives are distinguished into the Genders, vvhich distinction vvee vvill set dovvne here by Example in stead of Rules.

The Singular Number makes a difference in our Adjectives, for commonly the Masculine Gender endeth in n, and the Foeminine in e, but the Neuter casts of both the n and the e, as you may see in this example.

Masc.Foem.Neut.

Stercken, Stercke, Sterck, Stronge.

Heyligen, Heylige, Heyligh, Holy.

Hoogen, Hooge, Hoogh, High.

Goeden, Goede, Goedt, Good.

Schoonen, Schoone, Schoon, Faire.

Eenen, Eene, Een, One, or A.

But the usuall vvords of the Masculine Gender are these, Stercke, Heylige, Hooge, Goede, Schoone, Een.

Note; that albeit this difference of Genders are distinguished thus out of their owne nature: yet notvvithstanding it is usuall both in speaking and vvriting to omit the n upon the end of Masculine vvords, and that for the fluencie of speech.

So that the common Adjectives both of the Masculine and Foeminine Gender may take an e upon the end of their terminations, vvhich e in the Neuter Gender is cast off.

There are also some vvords called Participles, which are not tyed to this rule, which vvithout change may be used in the three Genders; as, De loopende man, The running man, De loopende vrouwe, The running vvoman, Het loopende Dier, The running Beast. Also, De minnende man, The loving man, De minnende vrouwe, The loving vvoman, Het minnende Dier, The loving Animall.

Note also, that the Particles De or Het, The, before Participles fall svveeter in the Neuter Gender vvith the e upon the end of a vvord, then vvithout one; As, Het minnende Dier, The loving Beast, and is as gracefully spoken, as, Het minnend Dier. But againe, Een loopend Wildt, A running Deare, fals svveeter in the pronounciation, then if one should say, Een loopende Wildt: and in my opinion the e vvere better omitted, vvhen the Particle Een goeth before: As in stead of Het groeyende boomken, to say, Een groeyendt boomken, A grovving little tree.

Of the Species of Nounes.

There are tvvo Species or Kinds of vvords. The first are Primitive or Originall vvords; the other Derivatives. The Primitives are formed of noe other vvords: but the Derivatives come from Steen, Stone, Yser, Yron, Kalck, Chalke, Zout, Salt, Water, Water, being Primitives, their Derivatives are Steenachtigh, Stonie, Yzerachtigh, Yronish, Kalckachtigh, Chalkie, Zoutachtigh, Saltish, Waterachtigh, Waterish. Also from these Primitives are formed the Infinitive of Verbes; as from Kalck, Chalke, Kalcken, To Chalke, Zout, Salt, Zouten, To Salt.

From these Nounes flovve foure kinds of vvords, as the names of Nations or People. Haereditarie, Denominatives, Operatives, and Diminutive words.

The names of people are 1, of Families; 2, of Countries; or 3. vvhich signifie some Nation: als 1, Nassouwer, A Nassovian, Levijt, A Levit, Rubeniter. 2. Spartiaen, A Spartian, Corinther, A Corinthian, Epheser, An Ephesian. 3. Romeyn, A Romaine, Hebreer, An Hebrevv, Cananiter, A Cananite, vvich are descended from those Tribes or Families.

Note also, that from Levijt, Rubeniter, Iode, are derived Levijtische, Rubenijtsch, Ioodtsche, vvhich agree vvith our Derivatives English, Scottish, Irish, coming from England, Scotland, Ireland. Note also the denomination of the inhabitants of Cities, vvich end in er; as Londener, A Londoner, Amsterdammer, An Amsterdammer, that is, One of London, or of Amsterdam.

An observation from the names of strange tongues in speaking of forreine names, which according to the nature of the Netherdutch speech, end in en; as, Roma, Cicilia, Antiochia, Syria, Galilaea, Muscovia, &c. wee writ very fitly, Romen, Rome; Cicilien, Cicil; Antiochien, Antioche; Syrien, Syria; Galilaean, Galile; Muscovien, Muscovie, &c.

Of Haeriditarie words.

The Haeriditarie words are such, as receive a Haeriditarie name, from those words whereof they are derived; as, Konincklick, (Kingly) from Koninck, a King; Vaderlick, Fatherly, from Vader, a Father; Broederlick, Brotherly, from Broeder, a Brother; Eewigh, Eternall, from Eewe, an Age.

Observations upon Derivatives.

The Derivative words, which end in sche, betoken from Proprietie, People, Countrie, or Sect; as, Roomsche, Romish, Poolsche, Poolish, Keysersche, Imperialists; Luytersche, Lutherians, Euangelische, Euangelicals; Wederdoopsche, Ana-baptisticall: to these also may be added, Hemelsche, Heavenly; Aerdtsche, Earthly, and come from the Primitives, Hemel, Heaven, Aerde, Earth.

The Derivatives also which end in ich, rijck, zaem, and baer, betoken commonly some propertie; as, Almachtich, Allmighty; Barmhertich, Mercifull, Eewich, Eternall; Levendich, Lively, Vlijtich, Speedie; Volck-rijck, Populous; Zin-rijck, Rich-minded; Lijdtzaem, Tolerable; Raedtzaem, Councelable; Vruchtbaer, Fruitfull.

The Derivative words, which end in achtich, and lie, followe their Primatives; as, Waerachtich, Truely, from Waer, True; Leugenachtich, Given to Lying, from Leugen, a Lie; Zoetachtich and Zuerachtich, Sweetish and Sowrish, from Sweete and Sowre. Vriendelick, Frendly; Vyandelick, Hostilly, or, as an Enemy; Zoetelick, Sweetly; Bitterlick, Bitterly; derived from Frend, Enemy, Sweete, and Bitter.

Of Denominative words.

Denominative words, which are Substantives end all in heyt, dom, and schap; as from Recht, Right, Waer, True, Rijck, Rich, Hertogh, Duke, Blijde, Blisse, Vriendt, Frend, are derived Gerechtigheydt, Righteousnesse, Waerheydt, Veritie or Truth, Rijckdom, Richnesse, Hertoghdom, Dukedome, Blijschap, Blisse, Vriendtschap, Frendship.

All Substantives derived from Verbals are called Verball words; as Lezinge, Reading, Loopinge, Running, Bereydinge, Preparing, Getuygenisse, are Verballs derived from Lezen, to Read, Loopen, to Run, Bereyden, to Prepare, Getuygen, to Witnesse.

Also to these Verbals, belong Het Gelees, The Reading, Het Beloop, The Summe, Het Gezegh, The Saying, Het Verhael, The Rehearsall, and such like.

The difference betweene words derived from Nounes and Verbes, is this, that the one is derived from a Noune, and the other from a Verbe.

Of Diminutives.

The Diminutives are commonly knowne by words ending in ken; as, from Steen, a Stone, the Diminutive Steenken, a small or a little Stone; Boom, Tree, Boomken, a little Tree; Bedde, a Bed, Beddeken, a small or a little Bed; But words which doubble their last letters in the Plurall Number of their Diminutives in eken; as in al, Gal, Gall, Bal, Ball, Galleken, Balleken.

il, Bril, Spectacle, Wil, Will, Brilleken, Little Spectacle, Willeken, Little Will.

ol, Tol, Top, Hol, Hole, Tolleken, A little Top, Holleken, A little Hole.

ul, Bul, Bull, Bulleken, A little Bull.

am, Lam, Lambe, Dam, Damme, Lammeken, A little Lambe, Dammeken, A little Damme.

em, Stem, Voyce, Stemmeken, A small Voyce.

im, Sim, Ape, Simmeken, A little Ape.

an, Man, Man, Pan, Pan, Manneken, A little Man, Panneken, A small Pan.

en, Pen, Penne, Penneken, A small Penne.

on, Ton, Barrill, Tonneken, A small Barrill, or a Firkin.

ond, Hond, Dogg, Hondeken, A little Dogg, Mond, Mouth, Mondeken, A little Mouth.

ck, Balck, Beame, Balcksken, A small Beame, Zack, Bagge, Zacksken, A little Bagge.

g, Berg, Hill, Bergsken, A small Hill, Gang, Entrie, Gangsken, A little Entrie.

gge, Brugge, Bridge, Bruggeken, A small Bridge, Vlagge, Flagge, Vlaggeken, A little Flagge.

Those words which are changed in the Plurall Number, and diminished in theyr Plurals; as, Padt, Path, hath Padeken, A little Path, from Paden, Paths, Schip, Ship, hath Scheepken, A small Ship, from Schepen, Ships; also Kleedt, Garment, Kleedeken, A small Garment; Loof, Spangle, Looverken, A small Spangle; Stadt, Towne, Stedeken, A little Towne.

Of Number.

Number in words, is either Singular, or Plurall.

The Singular is when wee speake of one thing; as, Mijn Vader, My Father, Het Huys, The house.

The Plurall Number is, when wee speake of two or many; as, Myne Voor-Vaders, My Fore-Fathers, De Huysen, The houses.

All Nounes end their Plurals, in s or n.

All single Syllables make their Plurals in en; Example, Vier, Fire, Vieren, Fires, Been, Bone, Beenen, Bones: Except Man, Wijf, Maet, and Kock, have s in their Plurals; As, Mans, Men, Wijfs, Wives, Maets, Mates, Kocks, Cookes.

All Nounes ending in e, forme their Plurals in n; as, Het Eynde, The End, De Eynden, The Ends.

All Nounes, which end in i, l, f, n, and r, end their Plurals in s or n; as for example, De Tafel, The Table, De Tafels, or Tafelen, The Tables, Het Wijf, The Wife, De Wijfs, or Wijven, The Wives, De Keucken, The Chickin, De Keuckens or Keuckenen, The Chickins, Meester, Master, Meesters or Meesteren, Masters; Except their Diminutives.

All Denominatives which end in heyt in the Singular Number, in their Plurals change heyt into heden; as, wijsheyt, wijsheden. And all which end in f in the Singular Number, in their Plurals change f into v: as, het lijf, the body, de lijven, the bodies.

Of some Irregulars.

Sing. Dagh; Day, Plur. Dagen; Dayes, Slagh, Blowe, Slagen, Blowes, Dack, Thatch, Daken, Thatches, Slot, Lock, Sloten, Locks, Dal, Dale, Dalen, Dales, Spit, Spit, Speten, Spits, Gat, Hole, Gaten, Holes, Wegh, Way, Wegen, Wayes, Gebedt, Prayer, Gebeden, Prayers, Vat, Vessell, Vaten, Vessels, Graf, Grave, Graven, Graves, Smit, Smith, Smeden, Smiths, Hof, Court, Hoven, Courts, Gebodt, Precept, Geboden, Precepts, Hol, Cave, Hollen, Caves, Godt, God, Goden, Gods, Lot, Lot, Loten, Lots, Glas, Glasse, Glasen, Glasses, Lidt, Member, Leden, Members, Treck, Trick, Trecken, Tricks, Padt, Path, Paden, Paths, Schoof, Sheafe, Schooven, Sheaves, Stadt, Towne, Steden, Townes, Zogh, Sovve, Zeugen, Sovves, Staf, Staffe, Staven, Staves, Vlot, Fleet, Vloten, Fleets, Schip, Ship, Schepen, Ships, Spel, Play, Spelen, Playes, Meyt, Maid, Meyskens, Maids, Kindt, Child, Kinders and Kinderen, Children, Berdt, Board, Berders and Berderen, Boards, Bladt, Leave, Bladers and Bladeren, Leaves, Lam, Lambe, Lammers and Lammeren, Lambs, Ey, Egge, Eyers and Eyeren, Eggs, Kalf, Calfe, Kalvers and Kalveren, Calves, Rundt, Bullock, Runders and Runderen, Bullocks.

The Adjectives vvhich ordinarily goe before Substantives, being of diverse terminations, and of the Masculine Gender, are made Foeminines by taking e to them: as, Groot, Groote, Great. Except those Adjectives, vvich end in ch, make their Foeminines in ge: Example, Zalich, Zalige, Blessed.

In the Netherdutch Speech there are diverse vvords, vvhich have no Plurals: as, Deegh, Dovve, Douw, Devve, Draf, Draffe, Dreck, Dung, Fluweel, Velvet, Galm, Eccho, Helle, Hell, Hemelrijck, Heavens, Honger, Hunger, Inckt, Inke, Iock, Yoake, Kaf, Chaffe, Leder, Leather, Lidt, Member, Maeghdom,

Maidenhead, Melaetsheydt, Leprosie. Oeft, Fruit, Olie, Oyle, Onkruydt, Darnell. Palm, Palme, Peck, Pitch, Pekel, Pickle, Peper, Pepper. Ratte-kruydt, Rats-bane, Regen, Raine, Riet, Reed. Satijn, Satin, Slijck, Dirt, Slijm, Slime, Snee, Snowe. Tin, Tinne, Toevlucht, Refuge. Vaeck, Slumber, Vee, Cattell, Vleesch, Flesh, Vyer, Fire. Waen, Presumption, Waerheydt, Truth, Wasdom, Encrease, Woecker, Usurie. Zout, Salt, Zemel, Branne: and many more.

Also the names of Mettals; as, Goudt, Gold, Silver, Silver, Loot, Lead, Tin, Tinne, Stael, Steele, &c.

Likewise the names of Fruits or Graine; as, Rogge, Rye, Gerst, Barlie, Haver, Oates, Linden, Linnen, Vlas, Flaxe, Hysop, Hysope, Peper, Pepper, Gras, Grasse, Hoy, Hay, Riet, Reede, and Stroo, Strawe.

Also the names of Liquid things; as, Water, Water, Melck, Milke, Honich, Hony, Boter, Butter, Olie, Oyle, Wijn, Wine, Bier, Beere, Azijn, Vineger, and Peck, Pitch.

There are also some, which want the Singular, and are of the Plurall: As, Herssenen, Braines, Ouders, Elders, Voor-ouders, Fore-fathers, Lieden, ofte Luyden, They, or Men, De Lenten, Lent, De Staten, The States, Versenen, Heeles, &c.

Of the Figure of Nounes.

In words there are two Figures to be considered, that is, Simple and Compound.

A Simple or a Single is that, which is not compounded of two or more words: as, Lief, Love, Moedt, Minde, Rijck, Rich, Zaligh, Blessed.

But your double words, are those which are compounded of two or more words: as, Groot-moedigh, Magnanimous, Godt-zaligh, Godly, Lief-hebber, A Lover, On-ervaren, Un-experienced, On-verwinnelick, Invincible. Here in wee followe the Grecian Tongues, which is full of words compounded.

These Particles or Prepositions, come alwayes before Compound words; As, Aen, Af, Be, By, Door, Ge, Her, In, Me, Mede, Mis, Na, Of, Om, On, Ont, Op, Ram, Toe, Ver, Onver, Onvoor, Uyt, Wan; whereof I will give you one or two of each of them: as, Aendoen, To Put on, Af-leggen, To Lay off, Bekennen, To Acknowledge, By-brengen, To Bring to, Door-zien, To See through, Gegeven, Given, Her-doen, To Doe againe, In-zien, To Look in, Me-zien, To Look with, Mede-gezelle, A Fellow-companion, Mis-troost, Dis-comford, Mistrouwe, Mistrust, Nadragen, To Carrie after, Na-volgen, To Follow after, Offenceren, To Offend, Omdelven, To Delve about, Omdraeyen, To Turne about, Onbequaem, Unmeet, Ongehoorsaem, Dis-obedient, Onthouden, To With-hold, Op-leggen, To Impose, Op-packen, To Pack up, Toe-behooren, To Belong unto, Verbeuren, To Forfeit, Verbieden, To Forbid, Onverzien, Unawares, Onvoorzichtich, Carelesse, or Improvident, Wt-doen, To Doe out, Wanhope, Dispaire, or Distrust, and many more.

These Compounds which end in heyt, baer, inge, schap, achtich, lick, lijckheyt, zaem, zaemheyt, dom, loos, ich, icheydt, sel, &c. Example; as, Zienelickheydt, Visibilitie, Wonderbaer, Wonderfull, Voorzieninge, Providence, Vrientschap, Frendship, Waerachtich, Truely, Grouwelick, Abhominable, Gelijckheyt, Equalitie, Gehoorzaem, Obedient, Gehoorzaemheyt, Obedience, Rijckdom, Riches, Godtloos, Ungodly, or Godlesse, Voorsichtich, Provident, Voorsichticheydt, Providence, Bereydtsel, Preparation, and diverse more which are thus compounded.

There are also words compounded of two Substantives, as of molen, a mill, and water, is compounded water-molen, a water-mill; of regen, raine, and water, is compounded regen-water, raine-water.

In compounded words for the smoother Ponounciation, there are some letters left out; as, Burge-meesters, for Burgeren-meesters, Boroughmasters or Majours; Blijschap, in stead of Blijdschap, Joy, Ionck-vrouw, and Ioffrouw, for Ionge-vrouwe, A young Gentle-woman; Ioncker, for Iongen-heer, A young Gentle-man.

It hapneth also in Compounds, that the first word is of the second Case and Declen-

sion; as, Schaeps-vel, Of a Sheep-skin, Oorloghs-man, A man of Warre, Krijghs-macht, Of Militarie power.

Also words compounded of the Foeminine Gender; as, Herten-leet, Hearts-greefe, Hoeren-loon, Whores-hire.

There are Compound Adjectives words, where-in the Nether-dutches imitate the Greeke; as, Wel-doen, To Doe well, Zoet-vloeyentheydt, Sweet-fluencie, Heel-sacht, Very-Soft, or Supple, Nieuw-wassende, Newe-growing, Wel-wassende, Well-growing, Al-machtigh, Al-mighty, Al-mogende, Omni-potent; & diverse other composed with Godt; as, Godt-betamende, Beseeming God, Godt-vreesende, Fearing God, Godt-eerende, Honoring God, and diverse others.

Of the Cases of Nounes.

A Case is the speciall termination of a Noune.

There be sixe Cases in both Numbers: The Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Vocative, and Ablative, which in Netherdutch be called, 1. Noemer, 2. Barer, 3. Gever, 4. Aenklager, 5. Roeper, and 6. Af-nemer.

The Nominative giveth the name to Nounes without variation; as, De man, The man, De vrouwe, The woman, Het veldt, The field, for the Singular; and, De mans, The men, De vrouwen, The women, De velden, The Fields, for the Plurall.

The Genitive Case is commonly knowne by this token, Des, Der, ofte Van den, Of, or Of the; as, Des mans, Of, or Of the man, Der vrouwe, Of, or Of the woman, Des veldts, Of, or Of the fields, in the Singular Number: and, Der mannen, Of the men, Der vrouwen, Of the women, Der velden, Of the fields, in the Plurall Number.

The Dative Case is knowne by this token, Den, Der, or De, To, or To the: or, by this Preposition, Aen, Aen den, or Aen de.

The Accusative Case is like the Nominative Case.

The Vocative Case is knowne by this token ô; as, ô Mensche, ô Man.

The Ablative Case is knowne by the Preposition, Van, Van den, or Van de, From, or From the.

Of the particles which serve for the Distinction of Genders, and the Declension of Nounes, through the Cases.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

The nominative.

Masculine, Den. Foeminine, De, Neuter. Het, The.

Genitive. Masc. Des. Foem. der. Neuter, Des, Of, or Of the.

Dative. Masc. Den, Aen den. Foem. Aen de. Neuter. Aen het, To the.

The Accusative is like the Nominative.

Ablative. Masc. Van den. Foem. Van de. Neuter, Van het, From the.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

The Nominative

Masculine, Foem, and Neuter, De, The.

Genitive. Masc. Foem. and Neuter, Der, Of, or Of the.

Dative. Masc. Foem. and Neuter, Aen de, To the.

The Accusative is as the Nominative.

Ablative. Masc. Foem. Neuter, Van de, From the.

Note, that sometimes the Particle is omitted; as in this example, Geeft my water, Give me some Water, Geeft my Broodt, Give me some Bread, &c.

As also speaking of Qualities adhering to their Subjects, or which lie in the action of the understanding; as, Dat geeft Wittigheydt, Wermte, Sorge, &c. That giveth or causeth Whitenesse, Warmth, Care. &c.

The Indefinite Particle, which is used immediately before a Noun Proper, is, Van, or Aen, Of, or To; Example, Geeft Aen Caesar het hooft van Pompejus; that is, Give To Caesar the head of Pompey.

In like manner may the Particle Een, Eene, and Eenen, A or An, be declined through the afore-said Case.

Of the Declension of Nounes of the Masculine, Foeminine, and Neuter Genders, through the Cases: and first of the Masculine.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom. De man, The man.

Gen. Des mans, or van den man, Of the man.

Dat. Den man, or aen den man, To the man.

Abla. Van den man, From the man.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom. De mans, The men.

Gen.>. Den mannen, or van de mannen, Of the men.

Dat.>. Den mannen, or aen de mannen, To the men.

Abla.>. Van de mannen, From the men.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom. Godt, God.

Gen. Godts, or Godes, Of God.

Dat. Gode, or aen Gode, To God.

Voc. O Godt, O God.

Abla. Van Gode, From God.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom. De Goden, The Gods.

Gen. Der Goden, or van de Goden, Of the Gods.

Dat. Den Goden, or aen de Goden, To the Gods.

Abla. Van de Goden, From the Gods.

The Declension of a Noune of the Foeminine Gender.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom. The Wet, The Lawe.

Gen. Der Wet, or van de Wet, Of the Law.

Dat. Derr Wet, or aen de Wet, To the Law.

Abla. Van de Wet, From the Lawe.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom. De Wetten, The Lawes.

Gen. Der Wetten, or van de Wetten, Of the Lawes.

Dat. Den Wetten, or aen de Wetten, To the Lawes.

Abla. Van de Wetten, From the Lawes.

Note, that the Netherdutches put Derr or De in Dative Case, according to ancient times; as, Hy is derr sake toe-gedaen, He is affected to the cause: Op dat ick derr Waerheydt getuygenisse gave, That I might give witnesse to the Truth, Iohn 18. Wy zijn derr Wet gestorven, We are dead to the Lawe, Rom. 6.

Observe, that many Foeminine words may fitly be used in the Plurall Number, in stead of the Singular; as, Der aerden, Of the earth, Der vrouwen, Of the woman; in place of Der aerde, Der vrouwe. Hence also comes these speeches, Onser Vrouwen Kerck, Our Ladies Church, Eener vrouwen man, The husband of one wife, &c.

Of some irregulars in the Foeminine Gender.

Through custome and against order they use to say in the Genitive Case in stead of der werelt, des werelts, of the world. So likewise these words, as, vrouwe, dochter, moeder, suster, nichte, &c. are declined in the Genitive Case, vrouws, dochters, moeders, susters, nichts, &c. but notwithstanding they keepe their Particles or Adjectives unalterable: as for example: Myne moeder, My mother, being declined in the Genitive, maketh Mijne moeders, Of my mothers: but here in this Case one must not say, Mijner moeder, neither Mijnes moeders, but one may well say, Mijner moeder, without an s. Also, Eene beleefde dochter, A civill maide, is in the Genitive, Eene beleefde dochters, or, Eener beleefde dochter, Of a civill maide.

The Declension of Nounes of the Neuter Gender.

Eenvoud, Singular.

Nom. Het veldt, The field.

Gen. Des veldts, or van het veldt, Of the field.

Dat. Den velde, or aen het veldt, To the field.

Abla. Van het veldt, From the field.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom. De velden, The fields.

Gen. Der velden, or van de velden, Of the fields.

Dat. Den velden, or aen de velden, To the fields.

Abla. Van de velden, From the fields.

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom. Het huys, The house.

Gen. Des huyses, or, Van het huys, Of the house.

Dat. Den huyse, or, Aen het huys, To the house.

Abla. Van het huys, From the house.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom. De huysen, The houses.

Gen. Der huysen, or, Van de huysen, Of the houses.

Dat. Den huysen, or, aen de huysen, To the houses.

Abla. Van de huysen, From the houses.

Of the declension of Adjectives.

In the declining of Adjectives, the change falleth upon the end vvith e, n, or r, The declension of the Masculine Gender is thus:

Eenvoudt, Singular.

Nom. De goede, The good.

Gen. Des goeden, or, van de goede, Of the good.

Dat. Den goeden, or, aen den goeden, To the good.

Abla. Van de goede, From the good.

Meervoudt, Plurall.

Nom. De goede, The Good.

Gen. Der goede, or, goeden, Of the good.

Dat. Den goeden, or, aen de goede, To the good.

Abla. Van de goeden, From the good.

The Declension of the Foeminine Gender.

Nom. Sing. De goede, The good.

Gen. Der goede, or, van de goede, Of the good.

Dat. Derr goede, or, aen de goede, To the good.

Abla. Van de goede, From the good.

The Plurall number is like that of the Masculine Gender.

The Neuter Gender.

Nom. Sing. Het goet, The good.

Gen. Des goeden, or, van het goet, Of the good.

Dat. Den goeden, or, aen het goet, To the good.

Abla. Van het goet, From the good.

The Plurall is like the Masculine.

It seemeth also, that the Plurall Number of the Neuter Gender, is expressed in the Netherdutch after the Latine manner; as, Het goede, The good, Het Geestelicke, The Spirituall, Het Wereldtlicke, The Worldlie.

Observations upon the Nominative Case of the Plurall Number.

The Learned are of opinion, that the Adjectives before Goden or rationall Creatures are to be sett, and ought to end in the Plurall Number in n; as in, De dooden, The Dead, De levenden, The living, De Heyligen, The Saints, De Edelen, The Nobles. The reason they give is a necessarie difference, for if one should say: De doodt, De levende, De oude, it is uncertaine whether one speaks of one person, or of many.

An observation upon the Genitive Case Plurall.

Adjectives which end in the Nominative Case in e; as, De vrome, The honest, De doode, The dead, De Edele, The Noble, De Heylige, The Saint, end with n in the Genitive Case Plurall; Example: Der vromen, Of the honest, Der dooden, Of the dead, Der Edelen, Of the Nobles, Der Heyligen, Of the Saints.

The necessitie of the difference touching this Declension, is to avoyd diverse doubts: for when wee say: De volstandigheydt des Heyligen, The perseverance of the Saint, it is spoken but of one man; and when wee say: De volstandigheydt der Heylige, it is spoken of a woman, Againe, if ye say, De volstandigheydt der Heyligen, The perseverance of the Saints, it is spoken of many Saints: If one saith, Der Heylige volstandigheydt, Of a Saints perseverance, then wee speake onely of perseverance: when one saith, Der Heyliger volstandigheydt, The perseverance of a Saint, that is understood of the perseverance of one Saint; but if you say: Der Heyligen volstandigheydt, that is all one, as if you had said: De volstandigheydt der Heyligen, The perseverance of the Saints, and is spoken of many. By these examples you may clearely discerne, the necessity of the difference in the Plurall Number.

All Nounes compared which end in r, make often an usefull difference, being expressed in the Genitive Case; as, Der heyliger menschen behoudinge, The preservation of holy men; which sheweth a more kinde of elegancie, then if one should say: De behoudinge der heyliger menschen. Likewise these manner of speeches are esteemed passable; as, Vromer helden daden, The deeds of Heroick worthies, Machtiger lieden rijckdommen, The richnesse of mighty men.

An Observation upon the Dative Case of Adjectives.

In the Dative Case and Plurall Number, all Adjectives end in n; as, Denn goeden, To the good, Denn Geloovigen, To the Faithfull.

Note, that Den goeden, The Good, Den vromen, The honest, Den gelovigen, The Faithfull, is spoken of one person; but, Denn goeden, Denn vromen, Denn geloovigen, &c. is spoken of many persons.

The Accusative Case is like the Plurall of the Nominative; as, De goede, De vrome, De geloovige, &c.

Of the Ablative Case.

In the Ablative Case Plurall, the n in the particle den is cast off; For if one should say: Van den Vaderen, Van den Velden, Van den menschen, is harsh, and maketh noe difference: But if wee say: Van de Vaderen, From the Fathers, Van de Velden, From the Fields, Van de menschen, From the men; For the manner of these speeches, are sufficiently expressed by this particle Van, From.

Of the Declension of some Compound words.

In Compound words, the change hapneth onely in the last word; as, Het Neder-landt, The Nether-land, hath in the Genitive, Des Neder-landts, Of the Nether-lands: De Grootvader, The Grand-father, hath, Des Grootvaders, Of the Grand-fathers; herein they imitate High-dutches. And thus much of the affections of a Noune.

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