Suriname folk-lore
(1936)–Melville J. Herskovits, Frances S. Herskovits– Auteursrecht onbekendMelville J. Herskovits en Frances S. Herskovits, Suriname folk-lore. Columbia University Press, New York 1936
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gebruikt exemplaar
exemplaar universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden, signatuur: 1863 B 5
algemene opmerkingen
Dit bestand is, behoudens een aantal hierna te noemen ingrepen, een diplomatische weergave van Suriname folk-lore van Melville J. Herskovits en Frances S. Herskovits uit 1936.
redactionele ingrepen
p. 130: in de transcriptie van het takitaki komen de â, ê, î, ô en û voor, maar ook dezelfde letters met een afwijkende circumflex. Dit is digitaal niet weer te geven, daarom zijn deze letters met een gewoon circumflex, maar dan vet, weergegeven: â, ê, î, ô, û. Voor de betekenis van de accenten zij verwezen naar p. xi
p. 150-431 in het hoofdstuk ‘Tales from Paramaribo’ staan in het origineel steeds een verhaal in takitaki en de Engelse vertaling naast elkaar. In de digitale uitgave is het verhaal afgemaakt met de vertaling eronder. Hierdoor verspringt de paginanummering van eerdere naar latere pagina's en vice versa: een verhaal wordt afgemaakt met een stuk dat op een latere pagina staat, waarna vaak een verhaal van een pagina eerder begint
p. 402: noot 1 heeft geen nootverwijzing in de tekst, is door redactie geplaatst
p. 433-451: in het hoofdstuk ‘C. Riddles’ zijn eerst de pagina's met de takitaki tekst en daarna de pagina's met de Engelse vertaling gegeven
p. 453-471: in het hoofdstuk ‘D. Taki-taki proverbs’ zijn eerst de pagina's met de takitaki tekst en daarna de pagina's met de Engelse vertaling gegeven
p. 483-487: in het hoofdstuk ‘F. Dreams’ zijn eerst de pagina's met de takitaki tekst en daarna de pagina's met de Engelse vertaling gegeven
p. 709-740: in het hoofdstuk ‘Analyses of tonal structure’ worden de muziekbalken als aanklikbare scan weergegeven, de tekst binnen de muziekbalken is niet ingevoerd. Op de pagina's die hierdoor ‘leeg’ zouden zijn is de tekst ‘[vervolg]’ geplaatst. Dit zijn p. 716, 718, 719, 725, 730, 731, 732, 735.
Bij de omzetting van de gebruikte bron naar deze publicatie in de dbnl is een aantal delen van de tekst niet overgenomen. Hieronder volgen de tekstgedeelten die wel in het origineel voorkomen maar hier uit de lopende tekst zijn weggelaten. Ook de blanco pagina's (p. ii, vi, x, xii, 432, 452, 472, 474, 482, 488, 490, 530, 610, 702, 708, 742) zijn niet opgenomen in de lopende tekst.
[p. i]
Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology
Volume XXVII
SURINAME FOLK-LORE by MELVILLE J. HERSKOVITS and FRANCES S. HERSKOVITS
[p. iii]
SURINAME FOLK-LORE by MELVILLE J. HERSKOVITS and FRANCES S. HERSKOVITS
With transcriptions of Suriname Songs and Musicological Analysis by Dr. M. Kolinski
NEW YORK
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
1936
[p. iv]
PRINTED IN GERMANY
J.J. AUGUSTIN, GLÜCKSTADT AND HAMBURG.
[p. xiii]
CONTENTS
Preface | vii |
Table of Phonetic Symbols | xi |
Table of Illustrations | xxi |
List of Figures in the Text | xxii |
Part I. Notes on the Culture of the Paramaribo Negroes
1. | General Considerations | 1 |
2. | The Koto-Missi | 3 |
3. | Daily Life | 9 |
4. | Marriage and Divorce | 16 |
5. | Lɔbi-sɩngi | 23 |
6. | ‘Mati’ and the ‘Birthday Party’ | 32 |
7. | Birth-Customs and the Dangers of Early Childhood | 35 |
8. | The Soul | 44 |
9. | Fiofio | 53 |
10. | Divination | 55 |
11. | Gods and Familiar Spirits | |
a) The Nature of the Wɩnti | 61 | |
b) The Worship of the Wɩnti | 70 | |
c) Wɩnti Maladies and Wɩnti Cures | 82 | |
d) A Wɩnti-dance | 86 | |
12. | Magic, Good and Evil | |
a) Obia - the Tapu and the Opo | 99 | |
b) Wisi and Bakru | 103 | |
13. | The Spirits of the Dead | |
a) The Yɔrka as an Ancestor | 109 | |
b) The Yɔrka as an Enemy Ghost | 111 |
Part II. Stories, Riddles, Proverbs and Dreams
A | Introduction | |
1. Data and Informants | 114 | |
2. Orthography | 116 | |
3. Linguistic Notes | 117 | |
4. Notes on Proverbs | 135 | |
5. Notes on Riddles | 137 | |
6. The Telling of the Tales | 138 | |
7. Titling | 146 | |
8. Arrangement of Bibliographic Notes | 147 |
[p. xiv]
B | Tales from Paramaribo | |
1. Outwitting Creditors: Chain of Victims | 151 | |
2. Outwitting Creditors: Chain of Victims | 153 | |
3. Outwitting Creditors: Escape Inside Gourd: The Talking Gourd | 157 | |
4. Outwitting Creditors: How Slavery Began | 159 | |
5. Outwitting Creditors: Anansi Tricks Banker Buffalo | 159 | |
6. Slandering a Rival: Anansi and Rabbit | 161 | |
7. Slandering a Rival: Anansi and Deer | 161 | |
8. Tar Baby: How Anansi Came by Eight Legs | 163 | |
9. Tar Baby: Why Anansi's Thighs are Thin | 165 | |
10. Tar Baby: Monkey as Thief | 165 | |
11. Tar Baby: God Above | 167 | |
12. God Above | 169 | |
13. A Lie Hurts More than a Wound: God Above | 169 | |
14. A Lie Hurts More than a Wound | 171 | |
15. Mock Funeral: Gun is Dead | 173 | |
16. Mock Funeral: Gun is Dead | 173 | |
17. Mock Funeral: Tiger Plays Dead | 175 | |
18. Mock Funeral: Tiger Plays Dead: Bone for a Stump | 177 | |
19. Mock Funeral: Gifts from the Dead: Fatal Imitation | 179 | |
20. Fatal Imitation: Monkey's Urine is Sweet | 183 | |
21. Plot to Cook Goat: Bone for a Stump | 187 | |
22. The Boxing Contest: Anansi Uses a Hammer | 187 | |
23. The Boxing Contest: Anansi Uses a Cudgel | 189 | |
24. Tug of War | 191 | |
25. Relay Race | 193 | |
26. The Flying Contest | 193 | |
27. Climbing Contest: Enemy as Judge | 195 | |
28. Why Cock and Butter are Cooked Together: Enemy as Judge | 195 | |
29. Fling Me! | 197 | |
30. Anansi Rides Tiger | 199 | |
31. Anansi Rides Tiger | 201 | |
32. Anansi Rides Tiger | 203 | |
33. Greed Test: The Earth Has Teeth | 207 | |
34. The Mosquito Test: The Greed Test: The Earth Has Teeth | 209 | |
35. The Pepper-Eating Test | 213 | |
36. A Challenge to the Devil | 213 | |
37. Eating Tiger's Guts: Incriminating Song: The Killing Hot Bath | 215 | |
38. The Killing Hot Bath: Tables Turned | 217 | |
39. Curing the Sick: Killing Tiger's Children | 219 | |
40. Curing the Sick: Till Nothing Remains | 221 |
[p. xv]
41. Pot and Whip | 223 | |
42. The Magic Whip | 225 | |
43. Anansi's Wife Tricks Anansi | 225 | |
44. Anansi's Wife Can Figure | 227 | |
45. Collusion with Doctor: The Pots Acquire Feet | 227 | |
46. Collusion with Diviner: How the Madungu Disease Spread | 229 | |
47. Guessing a Name: Anansi Disguises as a Baby | 229 | |
48. Guessing a Name: Anansi Disguises as a Baby | 231 | |
49. Guessing a Name: Anansi Disguises as a Baby | 235 | |
50. Anansi Disguises as a White Man | 237 | |
51. Anansi Disguises as an American | 237 | |
52. Anansi Disguises as an Angel: Tricks the Priest | 241 | |
53. Anansi Disguises as an Angel: Tricks his Mother | 243 | |
54. Contortion as Disguise | 245 | |
55. Speech Mannerism as Disguise | 245 | |
56. Magic Against Gossip | 247 | |
57. Magic Against Gossip | 247 | |
58. Trading with Death | 249 | |
59. Stealing from Death: How Death Came to the City | 249 | |
60. Bargaining with Death | 251 | |
61. No Secrets | 251 | |
62. Playing Sick | 253 | |
63. Profitable Amends: Three Slaves for Three Grains of Corn | 255 | |
64. Profitable Amends: Half a Village for Two Chickens | 257 | |
65. How Wisdom was Spread | 267 | |
66. Enfant Terrible: Killing Magic Bird | 269 | |
67. Enfant Terrible: Killing Magic Bird: How Obia Spread | 271 | |
68. Aboma Kills Anansi | 273 | |
69. Cat as King of Rats | 275 | |
70. Why Cat and Dog are Enemies | 275 | |
71. Dog Asks for a New Name | 275 | |
72. Why Dog Goes About Naked | 277 | |
73. Dog's Riddle | 277 | |
74. Anansi Sets a Trap for Dog | 277 | |
75. Anansi Injures Apprentice Tiger: Kills Father Tiger | 279 | |
76. Enemy Playmates: Snake and Toad | 281 | |
77. Enemy Playmates: Kitten and Rat | 281 | |
78. Baboon Teaches Dog to Climb | 281 | |
79. Baboon Teaches Dog to Climb | 283 | |
80. Incriminating Song | 283 | |
81. Incriminating Song | 285 | |
82. Grudging Hospitality | 285 |
[p. xvi]
83. Grudging Hospitality: the Feast on the Mountain and the Feast Under the Water | 287 | |
84. Grudging Hospitality: the Feast on the Mountain and the Feast Under the Water | 289 | |
85. Grudging Hospitality: Food-Taboo Pretext | 291 | |
86. False Friendship: Grudging Hospitality | 291 | |
87. Seeing Trouble: Watcher Tricked | 293 | |
88. Tables Turned: Cockroach Revenged on Anansi | 295 | |
89. Lying about Food Taboo | 295 | |
90. Lying about Food Taboo: Purge to Catch Thief | 297 | |
91. Tiger Decoys Cock | 297 | |
92. Chosen Suitor | 297 | |
93. Snake Gives Beauty | 301 | |
94. Tiger and Goat in Partnership: Pointing Kills | 303 | |
95. Animal Gratitude and Human Duplicity | 305 | |
96. Animal Gratitude and Human Duplicity | 307 | |
97. Animal Gratitude and Human Duplicity | 309 | |
98. The Reward for Good is the Cudgel | 311 | |
99. The Prince Who Changed into a Bird | 313 | |
100. The Good Child and the Bad: Cinderella: Magic Whip | 317 | |
101. Abused Child: Devil Files his Tongue | 323 | |
102. Enfant Terrible: Flight up the Tree | 325 | |
103. The King's Daughter: Magic Flight | 327 | |
104. King Leiman's Daughter: Magic Flight | 333 | |
105. ‘Brother-None-Surpasses’: Magic Flight | 341 | |
106. Giants Cure Boastfulness | 345 | |
107. The Boastful Drummer | 347 | |
108. ‘Hide Anger till Tomorrow’ | 347 | |
109. One-foot, Big-ears, Broad-back, Wide-mouth | 347 | |
110. The Password: the Branding-iron | 351 | |
111. The Leaf that Talked | 351 | |
112. Unfaithful Wife: the Letter Trick | 351 | |
113. The Stupid Wife | 353 | |
114. Spreading the Fingers | 355 | |
115. No Sympathy | 355 | |
116. Take My Place | 357 | |
117. Mock Killing: Take My Place | 359 | |
118. The Unknown Sister | 363 | |
119. Enfant Terrible: Fate of King ‘Nothing-Hurts-Him’ | 369 | |
120. The Rose that Talked: Secret Name: Jealous Sisters | 375 | |
121. The Sleeping Prince | 381 | |
122. Rumpelstiltskin | 383 | |
123. Man Plays Maid-Servant | 385 | |
124. The Man Who Understood Animal Speech | 389 |
[p. xvii]
125. ‘Woman Kills Man’: Divulging Answer to Riddle | 391 | |
126. ‘Woman Kills Man’: The Faithless Wife | 391 | |
127. ‘Woman Kills Man’: The Jealous Father: Mother's Treachery | 393 | |
128. Riddling for the Princess: Priest's Deception: Sleeping-mat Test | 401 | |
129. Wealth from a Pot of Honey | 413 | |
130. The Fastidious Go Hungry | 415 | |
131. The Preacher Traps a Thief | 415 | |
132. Master Liar | 417 | |
133. Diploma for Laziness | 417 | |
134. Cheating Death | 417 | |
135. The Devil Complains | 419 | |
136. Trespassing on the Devil's Land | 419 | |
137. Broken Pledge: All Things Talk | 421 | |
138. The Visit of the Vampire | 421 | |
139. Disciplining a Drum | 423 | |
140. Winti Adangra's Revenge | 423 | |
141. Winti Adangra's Magic | 425 | |
142. Yorka Come for Leftovers | 425 | |
143. Yorka Teeth | 427 | |
144. Yorka Rise from Graves | 427 | |
145. The Guitar-Playing Yorka | 427 | |
146. A Card Yorka | 429 | |
147. Exorcising a Yorka | 431 | |
148. Leba and Yorka Make a Wager | 431 | |
C. | Riddles | 433 |
D. | Taki-taki Proverbs | 453 |
E. | Proverbs of the Saramacca Bush-Negroes | 473 |
F. | Dreams | 483 |
Part III. Music
A. | General Statement | ||
B | Musicological Analysis | ||
1. Introductory Remarks | 491 | ||
2. The Music of the Bush-Negroes | |||
a) Tonal Range | 494 | ||
b) Melodic Movement | 495 | ||
c) Absence of Half-tones | 496 | ||
d) Intervals | 497 | ||
e) Combinations of Thirds | 498 | ||
f) Combinations of Fourths | 500 | ||
g) The Penta-types of Modal Structures | 501 | ||
h) The Hexa-types of Modal Structures | 503 | ||
i) The Hepta-types of Modal Structures | 505 | ||
j) Falsetto | 507 |
[p. xviii]
k) Meter and Melodic Rhythm | 507 | ||
l) Drum Rhythms | 507 | ||
m) Formal Structures of the Songs | 508 | ||
n) Alternation of Solo and Chorus | 509 | ||
o) Part Singing (Polyphonic Music) | 509 | ||
p) Tempo | 510 | ||
3. The Music of the Town-Negroes | |||
a) Tonal Range | 510 | ||
b) Melodic Movement | 510 | ||
c) Intervals | 510 | ||
d) The Penta-types of Modal Structures | 511 | ||
e) The Hexa-type | 511 | ||
f) The Hepta-type | 513 | ||
g) Meter and Rhythm | 513 | ||
h) Formal Structure of the Songs | 514 | ||
i) Alternation of Solo and Chorus, and Polyphony | 514 | ||
j) Tempo | 515 | ||
C. | Ethnological Evaluation | 515 | |
D. | Musical Instruments | 520 | |
E. | Notes on the Recording of the Songs | 524 | |
F. | Bush-Negro Songs | ||
1. Religious Songs | |||
a) Kromanti | 531 | ||
b) Dagowe | 556 | ||
c) Apuku | 558 | ||
d) Aido Wedo | 566 | ||
e) Wata Wɩnti | 567 | ||
f) G'ą, Obia | 568 | ||
g) Towenu | 569 | ||
h) Zambi | 569 | ||
i) Prayer to Earth Gods | 570 | ||
2. Ancestral Cult Songs | |||
a) Twin Songs | 571 | ||
b) Yɔrka | 573 | ||
c) Ancestral | 573 | ||
d) Papa Songs | 575 | ||
3. Secular Songs | |||
a) Susa | 579 | ||
b) Sɛkɛti | 582 | ||
c) Awasa | 590 | ||
d) Sųngi | 595 | ||
e) Banya | 596 | ||
f) Alada | 597 | ||
g) Work-songs | 599 | ||
h) Miscellaneous | 604 |
[p. xix]
G. | Town-Negro Songs | ||
1. Songs in Stories | 611 | ||
2. Religious Songs | |||
a) Anąnsi tɔri | 629 | ||
b) Opete | 629 | ||
c) Kromanti Obia | 633 | ||
d) Tap' Kromanti | 633 | ||
e) Busi Kromanti | 635 | ||
f) Asobu-Djanti Wɩnti | 640 | ||
g) Adyanti Wɩnti | 640 | ||
h) Ɩ̨ŋgi Wɩnti | 641 | ||
i) Busi Ɩ̨ŋgi | 645 | ||
j) Watra Ɩ̨ŋgi | 646 | ||
k) Abo fō Watra | 648 | ||
l) Watra Wɩnti | 649 | ||
m) Lōango Wɩnti | 650 | ||
n) Papa Wɩnti | 652 | ||
o) Obia Wɩnti | 653 | ||
p) Song to ‘set’ Wɩnti | 654 | ||
q) Kɔmfo | 654 | ||
r) Grǫn Ɩ̨ŋgi Kɔmfo | 655 | ||
s) Ɩ̨ŋgi Kɔmfo | 656 | ||
t) Aisa | 657 | ||
u) Grǫn Mama | 660 | ||
v) Vodų fō Grǫn | 661 | ||
w) Akantamasu | 662 | ||
x) Tonɛ | 666 | ||
y) Apuku | 668 | ||
z) Lɛba | 670 | ||
aa) Dagowe | 674 | ||
bb) Yɔrka | 679 | ||
cc) Bakru | 683 | ||
dd) Agida | 684 | ||
ee) Sofia Bada | 685 | ||
3. Secular Songs | |||
a) Kawina | 685 | ||
b) Banya | 693 | ||
c) Lɔbi Sɩ̨ŋgi | 695 | ||
d) Fisherman's Song | 697 | ||
e) Miscellaneous | 698 | ||
H. | Songs from Haiti | ||
1. Religious Songs | |||
a) Rongol | 703 | ||
b) Dambala Wedo | 703 | ||
c) Zombi | 704 | ||
d) Loko | 704 |
[p. xx]
e) Marassa (twins) | 704 | ||
f) Legba | 705 | ||
g) Simbi | 706 | ||
I. | Analyses of Tonal Structure | ||
1. Suriname Bush | |||
a) Penta-type | 709 | ||
b) Hexa-type | 711 | ||
c) Hepta-type | 715 | ||
2. Suriname Town | |||
a) Penta-type | 723 | ||
b) Hexa-type | 723 | ||
c) Hepta-type | 729 | ||
3. Haiti | 739 |
Appendices
I. Glossary of Taki-taki Words Appearing in Introductory Notes | 743 |
II. Themes from Music of other Primitive Folk, used for Comparative Purposes in Musicological Analysis | 751 |
III. Catalogue of Singers of Songs | 753 |
IV. Field-Numbers of Songs Arranged According to Transcription Numbers | 754 |
V. Transcription Numbers of Songs Arranged According to Field-Numbers | 756 |
VI. Population of Suriname by Racial Type and Religious Affiliation | 759 |
References | 761 |