The early Cape Hottentots

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General Index

(Note: References are to the English text and footnotes only. Details of culture, etc., all apply to the Hottentots, except where otherwise indicated.)

Adultery, 63.

Aged people, abandonment of, 250n., 251.

Akambie (Nama chief), 39.

Alcohol, use of, acquired from Europeans, xiv, 21, 57, 137.

Almeida, Matthew (filibuster), 289f.

Almeida, Nicolas (Grevenbroek's informant), 287f.

AmaXhosa, see Xhosa.

Amulets, xiv, 53, 186n., 187.

Appearance, see Physical characteristics.

Assault, bodily, punishment of, 69.

Assegais, see Weapons.

Basketwork (Xhosa), 253.

Beer (Xhosa), 181.

Betrothal, ix (see also Marriage).

Birina (Briqua, Brigoudyns, i.e. BeChwana), 37n., 38n., 39.

Birth customs, ix, 146f., 153, 291, 203f.

Blood vengeance, vii, 144n., 145.

Bows, see Weapons.

Brigoudyns, see Birina.

Buchu (Barosma and Diosma spp.), 40n., 41, 115, 245, 263.

Burial, see Death.

Bushmen, account of, 31ff.; references to, 55, 75, 110n., 111, 184n., 187, 255f.

Butter-making, 129, 247.

Campbell, J. (missionary), 25n.

Camps: description of, viii, 23, 119; size, 9, 23.

Canna (Salsola sp.), 264n., 265.

Cape of Good Hope: climate, 109, 269; description of, 93ff., 291ff.; fauna, 101ff., 265ff.; fertility, 271, 275ff.; flora, 107, 277.

Carabinga (Hot. warrior), 13.

Castration, x, 142n, 143, 209.

Cattle, used as draft animals, 59, 119, 251; in war, 188n.; (see also Domestic Animals).

Chaihantimo (informant of van Riebeeck), 29f.

Chainouqua (Hot. tribe), ii, 26ff., 110n., 111.

Chamaqua (Hot. tribe), iii.

Character of Hottentots, 45f., 123f., 173f.

Chariguriqua, see Karichuriqua.

Chauqua (Hot. tribe), iii.

Chenut, William (shipwrecked sailor), adventures of, 166, 216n., 217ff.

Chiefs (Hottentot) vii, 23, 51, 135; (Xhosa) 257, 259.

Children: (Hottentot) x, 45; 146n., 147; (Xhosa) 206n., 207.

Chobona, see Kobona.

Chora (Hot. chief), 11, 19, 51.

Circumcision: (Hottentot) 208n., 209; (Xhosa) 209.

Claes, alias Dorha, see Klaas.

Clan, vii.

Clothing: (Bushman) 33, (Hottentot) 27, 37f., 49f., 110n., 111, 117f., 195f., 253f., 263.

Corn (Xhosa), 181; storing and preservation, 184n., 185.

Cornelia (Hot. woman), 125, 126n.

Cruse, Hieronymus: expedition against Gonnema, 89n., 294n.; skirmish with Bushmen, 110n.; journey to Attaqua Hottentots, iii, 113n.

Cruythoff, P., visit to Namaqua, 35.

Cultural divisions of Hottentots, v.

Cuyper (Hot. leader), 111, 135.

da Gama, Vasco, i, 93.

Dagga (Leonotis leonurus), 39n., 40n., 41, 47, 59, 153, 263.

D'Almeida, F., killed in Table Bay, i, 188n.

Dances, 21, 139.

Danckerts, J., expedition to ‘Monomotapa,’ 37n.

Dapper, O., life and works, 1; sources of information, 2f.; value of work, 3f.

Death customs: (Hottentot) xi, 63, 127; (Xhosa) 258n., 259f.

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Disease, treatment of, 57, 63, 133, 144n., 149ff., 207, 240n., 241ff.

Dogs, see Domestic Animals.

Doman (interpreter), 12n., 13ff.

Domestic Animals, vi, 23, 33, 37, 55, 59, 137, 179, 187.

Drunkenness, 21.

Dutch, relations with Hottentots, xiv, 12n., 13ff., 27n., 73, 88n., 95n., 293f. (See also Trade, Wars.)

Elongation of labia, 45, 115.

Eva (Interpreter): account of, 124n., 125; acts as informant to van Riebeeck, 10n., 28n., 34n., 39n., 40n.

Everaerts, P., expedition to Namaqua, 36n.

Exhibitionism, 47, 115.

Eykamma (Hot. captive), 15f.

Family, viii.

Farming at Cape, 275ff.: taxation, 277f., 278n. (See also Settlers.)

Finger mutilation: (Hottentot) 63, 145, 199, 201; (Xhosa) 199n.

Fire-making, 71.

Fishing, 57, 59, 183.

Food, vi, 55f., 59, 61, 119, 121, 129f., 179ff.

Food taboos: (Hottentot) 125, 129, 179f., 180n.; (Xhosa), 179, 180n.

Gaking (brother of Chora), 11.

// Gaunab (Hot. deity), xii.

Generosity, 46f., 125, 273.

Goats, 36n., 37, 110n.

Goeboe (son of Soeswa), 27.

Ghosts of dead, xii.

Gogosoa (Hot. chief), vii, 3, 10n., 11, 21; war with Dutch, 13ff.

Gonnema (Hot. chief), vii, 23n., 24f.; war with Dutch, 88n., 110n., 111, 135, 294.

Gorachoqua (Hot. tribe), ii, vii; account of, 9f.; war with Dutch, 13ff., 59. (See also Korana.)

Goringhaikona (Hot. tribe), ii, vii, 59; account of, 8n., 9.

Goringhaiqua (Hot. tribe), ii, vii; account of, 10n., 11; war with Dutch, 12n., 13ff.

Goske, Isbrand (Governor of Cape), 91n., 105, 115.

Gouden Buys, de, wreck of, 231ff.

Gouriqua (Hot. tribe), iii.

Governmental system: (Hottentot) vii, 75, 135, 143; (Xhosa) 257f.

Greeting customs (Xhosa), 254n., 255.

Gregeriqua, see Karichuriqua, Griqua.

Grevenbroek, J.G. de: life and career, 161f.; contemporary accounts of work on Hottentots, 162; alleged plagiarism by Kolb, 162ff.; fate of mss., 161, 165f.; evaluation of work, 166f.; literary style, 169f.

Griqua (half-breed Hottentots), 25n.

Handicrafts, 57, 121, 149.

Hankumqua (Hot. tribe), ii, iii, 39n., 40n., 41.

Harry (interpreter and informant), 3, 8, 16n., 17f., 22n.

Heitsi Eibib (Hot. deity), xiii, 77n., 195n.

Herry, see Harry.

Hessequa (Hot. tribe), iii, 39f., 109, 137, 143.

Homicide, punishment of, 69.

Honey, mode of procuring, 176n., 177.

Horses, imported from East, 267f.

Hosaas (Hot. tribe), 24n., 25.

Hospitality: (Hottentot) 46n., 47, 233; (Xhosa) 215f., 238n., 239.

‘Hottentot’, origin of name, i, v, 7, 71f.

Hottentots: early descriptions of, iff., xv; racial origin, v; summary of culture, vff.; servants of Dutch, 271f.; present condition, xivf. See also: adultery, aged people, Akambie, alcohol, amulets, assault, betrothal, birth customs, blood vengeance, buchu, burial, butter-making, camps, canna, Carabinga, castration, cattle, Chaihantimo, Chainouqua, Chamaqua, character, Chauqua, chiefs, children, Chora, circumcision, clan, clothing, Cornelia, cultural divisions, Cuyper, dagga, dances, death customs, disease, Doman, domestic animals, drunkenness, Eva, exhibitionism, Eykamma, family, fiinger mutilation, fire-making, fishing, food, food taboos, Gaking, // Gaunab, generosity, goats, Goeboe, ghosts, Gogosoa, Gonnema, Gorachouqua, Goringhaikona, Goringhaiqua, Gouriqua, governmental system, Griqua, handicrafts, Hankum-

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qua, Harry, Heitsi Eibib, Hessequa, homicide, honey, Hosaas, hospitality, Houteniqua, hunting, huts, Hykon, illegitimacy, incest, industries, infanticide, inheritance, initiation ceremonies, Inqua, iron work, Jan Cou, Jan Khuma, Karichuriqua, Khoikhoin, kinship terms, Klaas, Klaas Das, Kochoqua, Koopman, Korana, Koukousoa, labia, land, language, laziness, legal procedure, longevity, magical practices, magicians, mankind, Mantis, marriage, married life, medicines, milking, miscegenation, mode of life, moon worship, musical instruments, Namaqua, namegiving, Namis, nomadism, Oedasoa, Omaqua, ornamentation, Osinghaikanna, Otegnoa, peacemaking, physical characteristics, poisoning, poisons, polygamy, pottery, puberty ceremonies, punishments, rainmaking, religion, Sarah, scarification, seduction, servants, settlements, sexual intercourse, shields, social organization, Soeswa, stealing, Strandlopers, suckling, suicide, sun, swiftness, theft, thievishness, tobacco, trade, travelling, tribal names, tribe, Tsui-//Goab, twins, urinating, urine, vocabularies, warfare, wars, water, weapons, wooden utensils, women.

Houteniqua (Hot. tribe), iii.

Hunting: (Bushman) 31f.; (Hottentot) 59, 183f.

Huts, viii, 33, 69f., 119, 251.

Hykon (Hot. chief), 41n.

Illegitimacy: (Hottentots) 67, (Xhosa) 199.

Incest, punishment of, 67f.

Infanticide, ix, 143, 181f., 183n. See also Twins.

Inheritance: (Hottentot) 63; (Xhosa) 262n., 263.

Initiation ceremonies: (Hottentot) x, 209; (Xhosa) 209.

Inqua (Hot. tribe), iii, 41n.

Iron work, 57, 58n.

Jan Cou, alias Khamy (Hot. leader), 8.

Jan Khuma (son of Gogosoa), 11n..

Justice, administration of; see Legal procedure, Punishments.

‘Kafirs’, see Xhosa.

Karichuriqua (Hot. tribe), ii, vii, 24n., 25ff., 59, 110n., 111.

Khoikhoin, v. 71n.

Kinship terms: (Hottentot) 286n., 287; (Xhosa) 286n., 287.

Klaas, alias Dorha (ally of Dutch), 111, 135, 191f.

Klaas Das (interpreter), 8, 9.

Kobona (amaXhosa), ii, iii, 28n., 29f.

Kochoqua (Hot. tribe), ii, vi, 22n., 23ff., 57, 59, 73; war with Dutch, 88n.

Kok, Adam (Griqua chief), 25n.

Kolb, P., alleged plagiarism from Grevenbroek, 162ff.

Koopman (Hot. chief), 111.

Korana (Hot. tribe), v, xiv, 9.

Koukosoa (Hot. chief), 24f.

Labia minora, elongation of, 45, 115.

Land tenure: (Hottentot) vii (Xhosa) 237f.; Dutch purchases from Hottentots, 27n., 291f., 292n.

Language: (Hottentot) xiv, 71f., 153ff., 281; (Xhosa) 281f.

Laziness, 123.

Legal procedure: (Hottentot) 65ff., 68n., 249; (Xhosa) 257.

Longevity, 62n., 63, 123.

Ludolf, J. (historian), 3.

Magical practices, xiiif., 53, 75, 149.

Magicians: (Hottentot) xiii, 63f., 201, 241ff., 295; (Xhosa) 213.

Magosi, see Xhosa.

Mankind, myths of origin: (Hottentot), 192n., 193; (Xhosa) 255, 256n.

Mantis, beliefs and customs relating to, xiv, 187.

Marriage customs: (Hottentots) viif., ix, 55, 61, 65f., 145f., 199ff.; (Xhosa) 198n., 199.

Married life, 61.

Medicines, 146n., 147, 151f., 152; see also Disease.

Milking, 186n., 187.

Miscegenation, xiv, 25n., 124n., 127, 215, 295.

Mode of life, vi, 59.

Molenaer, J.J. (navigator), 73.

‘Monomotapa’, ii, 37n., 91.

Moon worship, xiii, 77, 138n.; beliefs relating to, 207.

Muller, W. (explorer), 77n., 195n.

Musical instruments, 35, 76n., 77, 149, 195n., 212n., 213.

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Namaqua (Naman) (Hot. tribe), ii, v, vi, x, xi, xii, xiv, xv, 34n., 35ff., 111, 187; skirmish with Dutch, 95n.

Name-giving, 205.

Namis (daughter of Oedasoa), 24n., 25, 53.

Nomadism, vi, 59, 119, 251.

Oedasoa (Hot. chief), vii, 23n., 24f.

Omaqua (Hot. tribe), iii.

Ophir, 286n., 287.

Ornamentation, 37f., 28n., 47, 51ff., 113f., 119, 253f., 263.

Osinghaikanna (son of Gogosoa), 11.

Otegnoa (son of Gogosoa), 11.

Peace-making, 19ff., 191.

Physical characteristics: (Hottentot) 37, 43f., 62n., 113f., 175f.; (Xhosa) 175.

Poisoning, cure of, 133, 150n., 151, 246n., 247.

Poisons, use of, 130n., 131, 183, 187, 191.

Polygamy: (Hottentot) viii, 145; (Xhosa) 205.

Portuguese, i, 287f.

Pottery, 120n., 121, 251f., 252n.

Puberty ceremonies, x. See also Initiation.

Punishments, 65ff.

Rainmaking, xi, 75.

Religion, xii, xiii, 67, 75f., 77, 137, 138n., 139f., 193, 195.

Rhodesia, Natives of, 287f.

Sarah (Hot. woman), 115, 126n., 127.

Scarification, 51, 243, 244n.

Schrijver, I. (explorer), iii, 95, 97.

Seduction, 65f.

Servants, Hottentots as, 271f.

Settlements, viii. See also Camps

Settlers, European, at Cape: character, 193, 279, 283f., 291, 297.

Severinus, M.A. (physician), 151n.

Sexual intercourse, mode of, 127.

Sexual relations (Xhosa), 196n., 197, 205.

Sheep, see Domestic Animals.

Shields, 110n., 111.

Sickness, see Disease.

Social organization, vi ff.

Soeswa (Hot. chief), ii, 3, 26n., 27, 34, 40, 110n.

Sonquas, see Bushmen.

Sotope (Xhosa headman), 220n., 221.

Stavenisse, wreck of (1686), 166, 212n., 213f., 223ff., 226n.

Stealing, 47, 65.

Strandlopers, 51, 57, 129n.

Suckling of children, 45.

Suicide, 61, 126n.

Sun, worship of, 141, 207.

Swiftness of Hottentots, 13, 17, 44n., 45, 175.

Ten Rhyne, W., life, 81ff.; value of work, 81; literary style, 82f.

Theft, punishment of, 65.

Thievishness, 9f., 13, 47.

Thijsz, Laurens (shipwrecked sailor), 233f.

Tobacco, 9f., 35, 57, 123, 131, 135.

Togu (Tokhe) (Xhosa chief), 219.

Trade, Hottentot, with Dutch, i, ii, xiv, 43n., 59, 73, 109, 119, 135f., 177; with Portuguese, 37.

Travelling, 59, 119, 251.

Tribal names: (Hottentot) 7, 109f., 111n.; (Xhosa) 222n., 223.

Tribe, structure of Hottentot, vi.

Tsui-//Goab (Hot. deity), xii, 75n., 140n., 141n., 192n., 193.

Twins, customs relating to: (Hottentot) ix., 143, 181f.; (Xhosa) 181.

Urinating, Hottentot mode of, 207.

Urine, medicinal use of, 242n., 243.

Van der Stel, W.A. (Governor of Cape), 161, 164.

Van Meerhoff, P. (explorer), visits to Namaqua, iii, 35, 36, 38, 110; marriage to Eva, 124n.

Van Riebeeck, J. (founder of Cape settlement), i, ii, 4, 7, 16, 19, 21, 291.

Visser (explorer), iii.

Vocabularies, 2f., 155f., 162, 164, 280n., 281f.

Wagenaar, Z. (commander of Cape settlement), 7, 13, 58.

Warfare, mode of, 41, 131, 135, 188n., 189f.

Warm springs (Caledon), 193.

Wars, Hottentot, with Dutch, 13ff., 88f., 95n., 133, 135, 293f.

Water, ritual use of, xi.

Weapons, 55, 131, 187, 189.

Wepfer, J.J. (physician), 85n.

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Witchcraft (Xhosa), 211.

Witsen, Nicholas (burgomaster of Amsterdam), 3, 157.

Women, work and status: (Hottentot), 181, 195f., 207; (Xhosa) 271.

Wooden utensils, 121.

Wreede, G.F. (compiler of earliest Hot. vocab.), iii, 155; biographical sketch and association with Dapper, 2f.

amaXhosa (Bantu tribe), 113, 166, 219ff. See also basketwork, beer, chiefs, children, circumcision, corn, death customs, finger mutilation, food taboos, governmental system, greeting customs, hospitality, illegitimacy, inheritance, initiation ceremonies, kinship. terms, Kobona, land tenure, language, legal procedure, magicians, mankind, marriage customs, physical characteristics, polygamy, sexual relations, Sotope, Stavenisse, Togu, tribal names, twins, witchcraft, women.