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Index
| 1. | A large number of names of persons and places have been omitted, where these occur once only in the text and are of no particular importance: e.g., the conspirators' names and ‘Antwerp’, ‘Ogel’, ‘Hamstede’ on page 60. |
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| 2. | Upright figures indicate the folios of this book. When both bold and roman figures appear in the same item, the former indicate main entries, the latter secondary ones, or mere mentions. |
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| 3. | Italic figures indicate: when set thus - 23.4.68, the date of an entry in the background diary in which a reference to the indexed word will be found; and when following the author of a quoted book, the folio of that book on which related reference will be found. |
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| 4. | An aterisk behind a word indicates that this word is the subject of another entry in the index. |
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| 5. | Little attempt has been made to include biographies of persons, except in a few special cases, since all of importance will figure in the South African Dictionary of Biography. Those already included in the first volume of this are marked ‘SADB Vol. I’; and ‘(SADB)’ in parentheses indicates those scheduled for inclusion in later volumes. |
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| 6. | This index serves also as a bibliography: full reference to authors and their works consulted will be found in the appropriate place. |
| Aa, van der, ‘Naukeurige Versamelingen ...,’ Leiden 1707-8 |
| Aam. About 40 English gallons |
| Aardenburg see Nardenburg |
| ‘Aart-ekelen’, Lathyrus tuberosus (CAS). 14, 486 |
| Abalones, Haliotis sp. 17, 486 |
| Abbekerk. 12.6.99, 452 |
| Abrolhos. Shoals off the coast of Brazil: de Graaf, ‘Oost-Indische Spiegel’ 48, ‘the ~ ... where formerly so many ships were wrecked’, Davys (BVR 19) ‘the greatest of our feare’, both mentioning the thanksgiving and feast after passing them. 33, 48, 117, 143, 197, 211, 252, 401 |
| Admiral. Never a Dutch naval rank at this period: the ship carrying the senior official present in a fleet, or this official. See, e.g., Plates 6 and 30: ~ flag on mainmast, Vice-~ on foremast, Rear-~ (‘Schout bij nagt’) on mizzen; also 182. See also Langhansz page 7, Bogaert pages 50, 465 |
| Adringhem (flute). 19.4.85, 17.7.85 |
| Advice (English). 9.1.97, 11.1.97, 425, 426 |
| ‘Advys-yacht’. 180. Posthoorn also figures as ‘little boat’ and ‘hooker’: cf. the English use of ‘Aviso’ |
| Aernhem see Arnhem |
| Africa. 4.2.76 (unnamed), 18.3.76 (ditto), 14.5.79, 16.2.82, 29.4.82, 180, 236, 243 (in error) |
| ‘Afterships’ (Dutch ‘na-schepen’). 14.4.65, 16.4.65, 85, 91, 185. Sailing a month or more after the returnfleet, to take latest news, etc. Usually the fastest sailors, with the hope that they would overtake the fleet at the Cape or Saint Helena. |
| Agatha (Dutch). 5.6.94, 12.6.94 |
| Agulhas, Cape and bank (variously spelt). The existence of this bank, stretching far out to sea, was of vital importance to early navigators, allowing them to fix their position by soundings without the need to approach the dangerous coast: such soundings are mentioned in the entries marked o. 27o, 29, 142, 194, 195, 245, 299o, 301o, 302, 305o, 313, 336, 352, 359, 373, 380o (unnamed), 392o (ditto), 441, 474o, 475 |
| Albacore, Seriola lalandi, Germo alalunga. Plate 58 |
| Albacoretta (not identified). Plate 58 |
| Albatros, Diomeda exulans. 255, 380, ?392 (‘Almitrosses’) |
| Alexander. 28.4.76, 185 |
| Alfen see Alphen |
| ‘Alkatraces’, probably Cape Gannet as in BVR, 483, but 380 = Albatros |
| Alkmaar (Wapen van ~). 13.2.81, 31.12.86, 27.1.89, 1.2.89, 314, 358, 360 |
| Allamand and Klockner, ‘Beschryving ...’, Amsterdam 1775: also the translators of Brink, with copious notes in Part III, quoted s.v. Brink. |
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| |
| Almeida, Francisco d'. 491. Also in BVR. |
| Almond, Bitter, Brabeium stellatifolium (and see Hedge). 20.12.60, 23, 138, 351 ditto, Cultivated. 199 |
| Almonde, Adriaen van. 22.3.59, 1.4.59 |
| Aloe, probably A. ferox. 139, 174 (pages 89, 107 in abundance) |
| Alphen (Alfen, flute). 26.8.63, 9.9.63, 24.1.68, 20.4.73, 11.5.73, 75-78, 102, 106, 168, 171, 172, 173 (captured by English) |
| Amboina. 40, 52, 252 |
| America. 26.2.75, 4.2.76 (unnamed), 18.3.76 (ditto), 180 |
| (Another). 26.12.96, 28.12.96, 424-426 |
| (Another, Interloper*). 8.2.99, 446 |
| Amerongen (yacht). 28.8.63, 9.9.63, 13.4.69, 76-78, 141 |
| Amerssoort. 28.3.58, 8.4.60, 21.4.65, 23.4.65, 12.2.72, 24.2.72, 91, 92, 160 |
| Amstellandt. 8.5.62, 11.3.65, 22.4.65, 79 |
| Amsterdam, 10.4.53, 38, 44, 45, 48, 55, 67, 75, 77, 106-108, 110, 160, 174, 178-180, 182, 197, 208, 222, 226, 229, 243, 251, 255, 261, 340, 351, 374, 400, 458, 477 |
| Amsterdam. (apparently in error), 79 |
| Amy (Galliot). 3.6.93, 1.7.96, 3.11.96, 1.7.97, 10.5.99, 415 (‘Brigantine’). Also frequently mentioned in the DR etc. of 1699-1702 as in local service. |
| Anchors. Passim, especially 11, 23, 33, 67, 112, 164, 166 (pages 5, 17), 220, 244, 251, 252, 253, 303, 339, 367, 368, 401, 410, 413, 414, 415, 419, 422, 425, 427, 440, 441-2, 446, 451-2, 466-7, 472-4. ‘Tuy’, ‘They’ is Small Bower (from the word for ‘mooring’); ‘Tägliches’ (Daily)is Bower: ‘Plecht’, Portuguese ‘Esperanza’, is Sheet-anchor. See also Capt. Smith: ‘the least are called Kedgers ... There is also a streame Anchor not much bigger, to stemme an easie streame or tide. Then there is the first, second, and third Anchor ... are called Bow Anchors. The greatest is the sheat Anchor, and neuer vsed but in great necessity;’ noting that ‘kedge = ‘warp’; and that anchors are always masculine in English accounts of this period. |
| Anchorage-dues. 5.3.58, 64, 103, 231, 338, 342 |
| Angelier (yacht). 2.4.62 |
| Anglesea (English). 16.6.99, 2.7.99, 3.7.99, 21.2.01, 453, 454, 455, 471 |
| Angola. 15.12.59 (in item 10), 38, 56, 60, 64, 217, 242. Plate 39. |
| ANN. ‘Africana Notes and News’, Public Library, Johannesburg |
| Anne, Queen of England. 26.7.02 |
| Antelope (term used vaguely, probably including Damaliscus pygargus and the extinct Ozanna leucophea). 394, 429 |
| Antelope (‘Entelope’, English). 6.6.99, 12.6.99, 452 |
| Antonette (Danish). 17.1.88 |
| Ape: usually = Baboon, but 57 has ‘Apes and Baboons’ |
| Ape (hooker 16 men). 9.6.65 |
| ‘Apeak’, to come: to wind an anchored ship towards the anchor, so that the cable grows almost vertical, as preliminary to weighing. Also ‘to heave short’. |
| Apples. 22-24.8.52, 3-5.7.56, 12.9.60, 17.4.62, 82, 97, 139, 199, 212, 228, 236, 255, 276, 380, 382, 428, 481 |
| Apricots. 13, 276, 475, 481 |
| ‘Apron’. One of the most disputed subjects, some even entirely denying its existence, e.g., St Pierre 71, blaming Kolbe for the ‘error’. Relatively few thought it artificially produced: BVR 120, 152, 166 (page 20), 347, 396 (by hearsay), Cossigny 23, Le Vaillant (1790) 294, 427 and Plate, also his plates in QB June 1964 (but specifically contradicted by Percival 90, Barrow 236). Most correctly say that it was natural, 19, 109, 127, 174 (page 115, enlargements of the nymphae), 183 (hearsay), 204, 240, 241, 309, 406, 436, as also Dapper 644 (with an anatomical note by Schapera 45), Damberger 52, 53 very fully, Sonnerat 181, Kolbe 425, Valentyn X 104, Sparrman I 182, Mentzel III 283, 284, Brink 43, 85, Schwartze 34, Pagès (1797) 144, Barrow 235, 236, 237, 279, 280, 281 fully described, 389. Plate 60 is useless here. |
| Armagnan, d'. 359-362, 364, 370, 371, 372 |
| Arnhem. 16.3.59, 31.3.59, 53, 62, 77 (wrecked off Mauritius) |
| Arpent. 1¼ English acres. |
| Arrack (spirit distilled from coconut-juice or rice). 11, 40, 86, 90, 103, 216 |
| Artichokes. 38, 139, 193. Also DR 2.10.54 (recently sown for first time, growing well), 16.10.55 (more than enough) |
| Ascension Island. 10.11.99, 106, 107, 156, 171, 173, 391, 399, 471 |
| Asia. 18.4.76, 28.4.76, 12.4.79, 28.4.79, 20.2.80, 6.6.83, 10.6.83, 15.6.83, 22.6.83, 6.7.83, 182, 184, 246, 248, 251. Also Plate 30 |
| Asparagus. 38. Also DR 19.6.52 (wild ~ found), 16.10.58 (wild ~ plentiful): there are many indigenous species. |
| Asses, Wild. Usually = Zebras, but 482 Quaggas by the description. |
| Assistance (English 48-gun frigate). 168, 172, 173 |
| Assistent. Junior grade in the V.O.C. service, below Boekhouder, above Clerk. |
| Australia (‘Hollandia Nova’, ‘the Southland’). 27.10.96, 392, 410, 414, 416, 419, 471 |
| Azore Islands. 106, 353, 366 |
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| Baaren (little flute). 6.5.83, 15.6.83, 22.6.83, 8-10.7.83, 247, 248 |
| Baboon, Papio ursinus. 8, 15, 34, 57, 137o, 138o, 149. 166 (page 16), 174 (page 95, on Table Mountain), 184, 213, 233, 237o, 241, 266o, 282, 296, 317, 325, 351, 351o, 372, 394, 408. The hand-to-hand raids, marked o above, are also in Kolbe 140 and Plate, Buttner 113, Munro 11, Hamilton 160, Barchewitz 60; but are denied by other writers. |
| Babylonische Tooren, about 33o50, 18o55, Cape Town sheet. 24.10.88 |
| ‘Bak’ Used in Dutch both for Mess (as today), then usually of seven men; and for wooden dish (e.g., 116) as in the Biblical ‘Mess of pottage’. Also = Forecastle in Dutch. |
| Bakkeley Plaats. 174 (pages 93, 94, named for ‘battle’ there). Calvinia sheet, about 31o35 S, 18o27 E. Also DR 17.5.68 |
| Balasore. 2.11.86, 245, 450, 473 |
| Bambeek. 8.6.99, 452 (unnamed) |
| Bambus see Pampus |
| Banana. 188, 199, 276 |
| Banchem, Martinus van. 19.4.85, 191 |
| Banks, Sir J. ‘Journal ...’, London 1896 (ed. Hooker) |
| Bantam. 9.10.79, 26.10.80, 40, 167, 168, 221, 258, 264, 265, 268, 294, 297, 299, 305, 314, 330, 352, 491 |
| Bantam (yacht) 19.4.85, 16.6.85, 9.3.86, 15.4.86, 9.4.88, 338-340, 342, 351, 352 |
| Barbados. 6.2.83, 24.3.87, 7.1.97, 141, 244, 391, 425 |
| ‘Barber’ (Barbierer). Assistant Surgeon in V.O.C. employ |
| Barchewitz, E. Chr., ‘Edlen Oost-Indische Compagnie ...’, Chemnitz 1730 |
| Barge: long, narrow boat, usually ten oars, for the use of senior officers (NED). 255, 413, 440 |
| Barley. 28.3.02, 14, 343, 372, 380, 394. Also DR 2.10.54 (growing well, but beaten down by wind) |
| Barlow, -. 25.4.98, 440 |
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| Barm (hooker, 14 men). 3.4.69, 16.4.69, 141 |
| Barrow, Sir J., ‘Account of Travels ...’, London 1806: all references are to volume I. |
| Batavia. Passim, especially 4, 20, 40, 62, 64, 68, 71, 154, 167, 171, 175, 184, 196, 199, 206, 235, 246, 248, 252, 270, 279, 294, 297, 307, 314, 330, 336, 338, 340, 343, 349, 353, 366, 376, 410, 431, 464, 471, 479, 491 |
| Batavia. 30.3.70, 144 |
| Bax, Johan (Governor). 1.1.76 and passim to 29.6.78, item 37 passim, 268 |
| Beads. 6.9.55, 23.10.88, and passim as barter for armlets, necklaces, legbands, etc., including 166 (page 22), 174 (pages 119, 137) |
| Bears (in error). 148, 166 (page 15), 184, 205, 208, 331. Correctly negated 138 |
| Bedford (English). 28.6.99, 3.7.99, 454, 455 |
| Beeckman, Capt. D., ‘A voyage ...’, in Pinkerton XI: checked with London 1718 |
| Beemster (Beemder). 25.4.74, 3.6.74, 1.3.76, 18.3.76, 175, 176, 180 |
| Beer. 31.12.88, 232, 258, 259, 394, 431. Also letters to Holland 1.8.96 (arrival of freeman-brewer), 30.6.97 (brewery established. The general opinion of callers was that it was poor and dear). |
| Bees. 16, 483 |
| Beets. 13, 38, 39, ? 144, 481. Also DR 20.7.52 (beetroot growing well) |
| Beijeren. 14.2.98, 17.2.98, 13.3.98, 5.6.99, 1.7.99, 2.7.99, 3.7.99, 452 |
| Bekesteijn. 8.6.99, 452 (unnamed) |
| Bell. Struck each time the half-hour sandglass is turned, in sequence once, twice, etc. from the start of the watch, the ‘half-hour’ persisting today in that ‘two bells’ is one hour, ‘four bells’ two hours after watch-setting. Also for prayers, etc. |
| Bencoolen (Sumatra). 8.12.01, 377 |
| Bengal. 2.11.86, 10.4.88, 4.5.88, 5.6.88, 12.10.88, 5.5.94, 2.11.96, 4.1.97, 25.4.98, 3.5.98, 6.6.99, 111, 141, 239, 243, 252, 314, 338, 342, 353, 365, 425, 440, 441, 452, 491 |
| Benjamin. 27.5.93, 12.6.93, 12.4.99, 18.4.99, 391, 392, 393, 399, 450, 451 |
| Berckmeer. 19.9.77 |
| Berg River (Great). 21.3.58, 20.9.70, 10.10.87, 21.10.88, 23.10.88 |
| Bergen. 17.9.77, 92 |
| Bergh, Olaf. 21.10.80 (Ensign), 20.6.82, 11.6.87 (prisoner), 9.6.88, 26.6, 88, 289, 315, 316. From Göteborg, Sweden, born 1643. V.O.C. service from 1665. Also Resolutions 17.11.86 (to N.S. de los Milagros wreck for salvage), 14.4.87 (arrested for looting), 25.4.87 (tried, ridiculous accusation of having deserted in Ceylon and taught Sinhalese to make gunpowder, imprisoned on Robben Island), 27.9.90 (released and restored to rank of Lt. by orders of XVII, and at his choice to stay at Cape as freeman or go to Batavia or Ceylon - last chosen). Back as Capt. 17.7.95 and Resolutions 12.9.95 on Council. Died 1724. (SADB) |
| Bergh China (Sina). 13.3.86, 15.4.86, 4.8.88, 12.10.88, 22.1.91, 302, 376 |
| Berkel. 12.6.93, 21.10.96, 23.10.96, 18.11.96, 8.5.98, 1.7.99 (145 men), 414, 418, 419 (‘hagboat’), 422 (‘large hagboat’), 423 (as ‘Berg’), 439 (unnamed), 440 (ditto), 455 (ditto) |
| Berkenrode. 24.2.99, 448 (unnamed) |
| Berkley Castle (English). 29.10.86 (‘Towr van London’), 31.10.86, 2.11.86, 3.11.86, 4.11.86, 19.1.90, 6.2.90, 29.7.92, 313 |
| Betton, Robert. 445, 446 |
| Beurs. 28.4.85, 14.5.85, 15.5.85, 21.5.86, 21.6.86, 258, 260, 261, 310 |
| Bèze, Father de. 324-327, 331 |
| Biche, Isle à la (Saldanha Bay = Schapen Island). 29, Plate 20 |
| ‘Bilged’. 369. From Capt. Smith = ‘We say also she is ~, when she strikes on a rock ... or anything that breakes her plankes or timbers, to spring a leake.’ |
| Birds unidentified. 14 (yolk-less eggs, non-existent), 71 (eggs without whites, non-existent). And see Garagiaus, Gavoitoyns, Happevoye, Jan van Gent, Tauquets |
| ‘Biscayan’. 39 (refers to type of boat, not provenance) |
| Blackbird. 134 (‘Amsel’, which can be translated as ~ or thrush: ? Red Bishop, Euplectes orix, in winter plumage, or Thrush, Turdus olivaceus) |
| Blauwe Hulk. 4.2.76 (unnamed), 18.3.76 (ditto), 26.3.79, 16.6.82, 180, 208 |
| Blesius, Joan (Fiscaal Independent; as such until death in 1711). 365, 420, 422, 442, 464, 465, 467, 469, 470. (SADB) |
| Blois. 8.5.98, 18.10.99, 21.10.99, 22.10.99, 27.10.99; 439-442 (all innamed) |
| Blommendael (variously spelt). 3.4.55, 15.4.55, 34, 40-43 (yacht). And? another 17.9.77 (‘hired ship’), 21.9.77, 30.9.77 |
| Bloubergstrand. 54 |
| Bluebok, Ozanna leucophaea (extinct) 137. And see Antelope |
| Boar, Wild, Potamochoerus porcus koiropotamus. 137, 184, 213, 270, 297, 429: mentions only. |
| Bocheros, Sieur. 273, 278 |
| Boekhouder (‘Book-keeper’). Confusingly used in Dutch both as a rank in the V.O.C. service (below Under-Merchant), and for someone thus actually employed ashore or afloat. |
| Bogaert, Abraham, ‘Historische Reizen door d'oostersche Deelen van Asia ...’, Amsterdam 1711. 115, 477-91. Plates 64, 65. (SADB) |
| Bolling, Frederick Andersen, ‘Oost-Indiske Reisebog ...’, Copenhagen 1678. 143-154, 171-174, Plates 23, 23a |
| Bombay. 29.10.86, 8.1.88, 28.12.96, 25.4.98, 19.12.99, 244, 389, 392, 415, 424, 439, 454, 465, 471 |
| Bonito, S. sarda. 271 |
| Bonnell, John. 367, 368, 369 |
| ‘Bonnet’. A strip of canvas laced to the lower edge of a sail in such a way as to be readily removable, thus increasing or decreasing sail-area. Mentioned, e.g., Saar page 24. |
| ‘Booby’ (gull), Sula sp. 46, 133 |
| Boogh (Boge). 23.4.72, 30.5.72, 164, 165 (‘little ship or shallop’). Brought out knocked-down, set up at Cape |
| Boom, Hendrick Hendricksz. (Came out with Van Riebeeck as gardener, DR 17.12.51), 1.12.55, 18.5.65 (unnamed), 38 (unnamed). Also DR 22.12.58 (chief instigator of protests, never satisfied). (SADB) |
| Boor (little flute). 25.4.98, 8.5.98; 439-442 (always unnamed) |
| ‘Boot-hose-tops’, to give a pair of. 391. To tallow the strakes (planks) at the water-line. |
| Borghorst, Commandeur Jacob. 16.6.68 and passim to 1670, 108, 109, ? 123. (SADB) |
| Borneo. 8.2.99, 11.11.99, 17.1.02 |
| Borsenburg. 30.5.88, 2.6.88, 3.6.88 |
| Bosheuvel. 26.8.58, 31.8.63, 5.6.64, 14 (unnamed), 26, 76. Also DR 20.2.64 (½ aam wine from ~), 29.9.59 (crops ruined in war with Caepmans), 11.9.60 (30 morgen at ~ granted to freeman). |
| ‘Bosschieter’. Cannoneer: should not be translated ‘Gunner’, title reserved for the Chief Gunner of a ship. |
| |
| |
| Botha, C.G., ‘Place-Names in the Cape Province’, Cape Town 1926 |
| Botterlaryberg. 282 (unnamed). About 33o80, 18o45, Cape Town sheet. |
| Boucher, Benjamin. 473, 474 |
| ‘Bought’. 262, 269, 282 (‘about 1653’). Statements such as these, that the Dutch ~ the land near Table Bay at an early date, are frequent in later writers. Actually the only pseudo-purchase was in DR 7.7.68. |
| Bourbon, Isle see Réunion |
| Boven Caspel. 12.4.84 |
| Bövingh, J.G., ‘Beschreibung und Nachricht ...’, Hamburg 1714: consistently echoes Schreyer |
| ‘Brandwag’, ‘Die’. 32 |
| Brandy. 21.2.57, 19.5.72, 31.12.88, 22.4.92, 13.9.98, 11, 17, 22, 55, 103, 113, 117, 128, 144, 146, 162, 174 (page 13, barter), 188, 216, 219, 229, 239, 255, 257, 262, 269, 286, 289, 319, 320, 347, 382, 388, 397, 398, 400, 401, 402, 403, 408, 437, 486 |
| Brass. 9, 17 (‘yellow copper’), 56, 126, 166 (pages 19, 20, 22 armlets), 174 (page 119, necklaces), 202, 217, 218, 241, 287, 330, 388. All references are to barter, for ornaments. |
| Brazil. 28.3.58, 117, 141, 165, 176, 177, 303, 307, 380, 391, 392, 425, 471 |
| Bream see Steenbrassen. |
| Brederode (Bredero, Bredenrode). 11.3.65, 22.4.65, 2.4.69, 13.4.69, 11.1.71, 79, 141, 157. Plate 6 |
| Breede R. 20.3.76, 174 (pages 95, 129); and Plate 39 as ‘Fleuve Large’. |
| ‘Breeme’, to ~ a ship. 419. From Capt. Smith: ‘Breeming her, is but washing or burning of all the filth with reeds or broome.’ |
| Breitenbach, Conrad von. 1.12.71, 29.4.73, 1.5.73, 160, 166 (page 15), 168, 172. Arrived at the Cape in March 1671 and was retained there as Lt., with seat on Council until 28.11.72: then Capt. i/c St. Helena fleet (Resolutions 30.11.72; 180 soldiers, 150 sailors, ships, Vryheit, Polsbroek, Cattenburgh, little flute Vliegende Swaantje.) Captured by English. Dismissed by XVII and out in Veluwe (DR 25.9.74) as civilian |
| Brest. 9.6.87, 18.5.88, 261, 264, 268, 271, 295, 301, 305, 306, 317, 322, 329, 330, 353 |
| Breugel, Albert van. 23.3.72 (arrived as Secunde*, and took charge until October), 166 (page 15). Deposed in 1675 by Goske but acquitted by Batavia and rank restored. |
| Bricks. 24.3.54, 11.6.54, 38, 39, 49, 79, 94, 102. Plates 17, 28 |
| Briel (Bril). 5.5.76, 22.5.76, 4.3.79, 5.3.79, 19.4.79, 1.4.88, 8.4.88, 28.5.88, 185, 207-210, 336, 337, 340, 342 |
| Brigantine, small sailing-vessel. 7.1.97 (Royal Russell, 15 men), 415 (Amy, Dutch ‘galliot’, 23 men), 451 (in error, 116 men, Tamboer, which was frigate) |
| Brink, C.F., ‘Neue Kurzgefasste Beschreibung des Vorgebirges der guten Hoffnung ...’, Leipzig 1779, translation by Allamand and Klockner: all references are their notes in Part III. |
| Bristol. 171, 366 |
| British Museum. 44, 111, 221, 244, 255, 386 |
| Bronste (little flute). 23.6.86 |
| Brown, Capt. John. 450, 451 |
| ‘Browne, Dr.’ 386-389 |
| Bruydegom (Bruit). 21.9.65, 16.12.66, 27.3.71 |
| Bunschoten (little flute). 1.2.71, 8.2.71, 157 |
| Buren (Buuren). 2.5.74, 3.6.74, 175 |
| Burgess, Capt. Samuel. 28, 29.12.97 (in item 100), 466, 467, 468 |
| Burgh van Leyden. 28.11.68, 13.12.68, 2.5.74, 3.6.74, 13.2.81, 4.3.82, 13.3.82, 4.4.82, 6.4.82, 29.4.82, 16.6.82, 111, 117, 175, 236 |
| Burgher-Councillors (‘Burgerraaden’, ‘Cape Burgomasters’). Van Goens in 1657 appointed one, to sit on Council when matters affected civilians: later two were chosen yearly by the Council from list of four proposed. 166 (page 7, Mostert mentioned as ~ page 16, ditto), |
| Bussell, Capt. Christopher. 450 |
| Bustard, Neotis denhami. 123 |
| Buttner, J.D., MS. in Dessinian Collection, S.A.L. 138. SADB, Volume I. |
| Buynskerken. 28.11.67 |
| BVR. Raven-Hart, R., ‘Before van Riebeeck’, Cape Town 1967 |
|
| C. Dutch words and names not found here see under K |
| Cabbages. 2.2.53, 2.4.55, 9, 13, 39, 42, 46, 49, 55, 79, 97, ? 144, 161, 212, 228, 232, 237, 243, 247, 255, 302, 317, 343, 403, 409, 481 |
| Cabeljauw (yacht). 9.4.55, 40, 43 |
| ‘Cable’ as measure = 600 feet |
| Cabo Falso see False Cape (Hanglip) |
| Cadet. ‘Adelborst’: not in the sense of officer under training, but soldier of superior education, paid 10 guilders instead of the usual 9 per month. 19.6.87, 45, 62, 114, 143, 146, 182, 197 |
| Cadiz. 2.11.96, 4.1.97, 8.4.99, 12.4.99, 11.11.99, 141, 415, 417, 421, 451, 464 |
| Caesar (English). 9.10.79, 10.10.79, 221, 222 |
| Cajuit (‘Great Cabin’). At the stern of the ship, on the deck running aft from mainmast on which were the helm and binnacle: occupied by senior persons, Captain, Chief Factor or Merchant, etc. 39, 42, 108, 188, 195, 251 (‘cabin’), 362, 453 (‘great cabin’), 480. Plates 3, 4, etc. |
| Calff (Kalf, ‘pinnace-ship’). 9.2.54, 12.3.54, 10, 11, 13, 27 |
| ‘Cambuse grande’, not identified. 199 |
| Camen see Tannen |
| Camouks, robber-tribes living between the Caucasus and the N.W. Caspian. 67 |
| ‘Campagne’ see Poop |
| ‘Campaigne-Wig’, plain and close-fitting, for travelling. 420 |
| Camphor-tree. 199, 317 |
| Can. About 1.6 English quarts by (e.g.) Valentyn 45, 400 ~ = one legger, although usually translated as ‘quart’: note also that Langhansz in his details of rations (not here translated) carefully distinguishes between ~ and quart. 55, 62 (‘~ or Mass’), 132 (‘Leipzig ~’, not traced), 143 (‘Flapcan ... 6 pints’), 258 |
| Canal, Table Bay to False Bay, as a protective frontier, not for navigation. 21.4 to 9.5.55, van Goens at Cape, ~ suggested; 16.3 to 19.4.57, van Goens again at Cape, ~ ordered, 156, 157 (cursory examination of proposed route, map Plate 24). Also DR 24.7.55 with letter to Batavia, ‘we fear that it will entail greater difficulty and labour than is the opinion of H.E. [van Goens]’; DR 4.2.56 ‘decided to be a quite impossible matter ... not advantageous, but ... most highly injurious to the Hon. Company’; letter to Holland, further investigated, found impossible; ditto 29.6.56, ditto; DR 1.5.57 with letter to Holland, all preliminary work washed away by rain, project disrecommended; letter from Holland 16.4.58, abandon temporarily. Plate 24. |
| Canary, Serinus canicollis. 134, 462, 483 |
| Canary Islands (and see Hierro, Tenerife). 48, 111, 116, 185, 211, 226, 229, 278, 458 |
| Canna, Sceletium tortuosum, the plant resembling Ginseng, Panax schinseng: the name ~ was later misapplied to Salsola sp. 289 (but in Plate 35 there is
|
| |
| |
| nothing resembling Sceletium). See also BVR 52, 53, 55, 73, 77 |
| ‘Cannon-shot’ (as distance). 15 (Fort to Lion Hill), 38 (Fort to Salt River) |
| Canterbury (English). 471 |
| ‘Cape Birds’ see Cape Gannets |
| ‘Cape Burgomasters’ see Burgher-Councillors |
| Cape Dove, Daption capensis (also ‘Daimiers’, ‘Faysons’, Pintados etc.) 27, 109, 133, ? 143 (‘swallows’), 174 (? page 91, unnamed), 245, 247, 265, 271, 483. Plate 57 |
| Cape Gannets, Sula bassana capensis (also ‘Velvetsleeves’, ‘Mangas de velludo’ and various odd misspellings, etc.) 27 (also the ‘little diving-birds’, probably immature ~, cf. ‘Antenaya’ in BVR), 143, 197, 245, 255 (‘Mangofolugos’), 373 (‘Velve Channels’), 380 (‘Mango volucres’), 392 (‘Manga Voluchoes’), 401 (‘Cape Birds’), 409 (ditto), 471 ‘Gannetts’), 474 (‘Cape Birds’), 483 (ditto and ‘Mangas de Velludo’). See also BVR 13, ? 14, ? 46, 55, 71, 130, 151 |
| Cape Hen, Procellaria acquinoctalis. 233 (‘Sea-Ravens’), 245 (unnamed), 391 (ditto) |
| Cape Verde, and Islands (and see Fogo, Maio, S. Antão, S. Vicente, S. Tiago, Sal). 33, 111, 143, 160, 197, 307, 410 (‘Salt Islands’) |
| Carp: no true ~, probably Barbus sp. 233 |
| Carrots. 2.4.55, 38 (‘Wortelen’, and ? ‘Beet-wortelen ofte Carotensalad’), 39, 42, 46, 49, 71, 79, 193, 228, 466, 481. Also DR 4.9.52 (first ~ gathered) |
| Carthago. 8.5.98; 439-442 (all unnamed) |
| CAS see Smith, C.A. |
| Caske. This is the regular plural of ‘cask’ in English accounts of this period (e.g., 255): at times ‘cask’ is also used as plural (e.g. 310). |
| Cassini (astronomer), Jean-Dominique, 1625-1712, Director of Paris University, discoverer of 4 satellites of Saturn. 275, 278 |
| Cassowary. 154, 190, Plate 23 |
| Casteel van Medenblick. 7.12.68, 111, 164 |
| Castel de Freyheit [sic] (English). 172, 173 |
| Castricum (yacht). 8.9.83, 21.3.87, 20.5.87, 29.10.88, 21.11.88, 252, 314 |
| Cat, Wild. Felis lybica cafra; also Tiger-Bush-~, Leptailurus serval. Probable references to the former are marked o. 16, 17o, 29o, 123o, 126o, 138 (furs exported), 217, 241, 251, 282, 408, 429o, 482, 484, 485 |
| Cat see Civetcat |
| Catfish, Clarias sp. 136 |
| Cattenburgh see Kattenburgh |
| Cattendyk. 5.4.99; 450, 451 (both unnamed) |
Cattle (and see Hottentots ~). 10.2.55, 23.11.55, 27.11.55, 23.7.60, 14.10.72, 14.3.88, 25.10.88, 28.3.02. Passim in items, especially as regards barter; but refusal of this 11, 13, 27, 35, 39.
Most early writers (see BVR) refer to humped cattle as normal, presumably from Zebu blood: now the only such mentions are 213 and 430, so that this characteristic was apparently recessive.
Also DR 28.5.53 (tried for first time as draughtanimals), 4.6.53 (being tamed), 10-12.6.55 (unobtainable, and dangerous as draught-animals), 15.7.55 (will not be a success as draught-animals) |
| Cauliflowers. 16.11.53, ? 253 (‘collwarts’), 481 (salted for ships). Also DR 16.7.52 (sown). |
| Cavalry and ~ -post. 27.5.60, 3.2.88, 20.9.88 (36 men), 63, 97, 103, 174 (page 137, no farms beyond Ruyterwacht) |
| Cellar. There are frequent references to wine- ~, but they were merely sheds, never underground. |
| Centaurus (‘little yacht’), built by crews of wrecked Stavenisse* and English Good Hope, taken into Dutch service, named ~. 1.3.87 (unnamed), 10.11.87, 19.2.88, 18.7.88, 31.8.88, 3.9.88, 8.10.88, 12.10.88, 2.12.88, 315 (unnamed). Also in local service passim, e.g., DR 25.11.88, 22.2.90, 4.1.99, 12.1.99; and 6.3.87 (‘the Natal vessel of the English’ to be bought) |
| Ceraste, one of the Horned Adders, probably Bitis cornuta. 292. Plate 33 |
| Ceylon (and see Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Negombo). 9.4.55, 2.4.69, 1.4.70, 11.1.71, 2.3.71, 11.2.72, 12.2.72, 24.2.72, 17.3.72, 21.3.72, 23.3.72, 19.4.72, 22.1.76, 12.3.76, 17.9.77, 19.4.79, 20.2.80, 1.6.83, 8-10.7.83, 9.4.88, 3.2.98, 19.5.99, 21.10.99, 4, 52, 57, 62, 141, 157, 161, 164, 170, 180, 182, 184, 207, 235, 236, 246, 247, 314, 369, 412, 417, 422, 424, 439, 448, 450, 458, 464, 491 |
| Ceylon. 28.4.76, 4.3.79, 19.4.79, 185, 208, 210 (unnamed) |
| ‘Chamber’. One of the city-based bodies which together composed the Dutch East-India Company. |
| Chambers Frigate (Chalmers Frigate, 95 men, 20 guns). 14.10.96, 5.11.96, 15.12.96, 413-417, 421 |
| Chameleon (probably Microsaura pumila). 166 (page 11, near Salt R.), 174 (pages 11, 91 on Robben Island, described), 193, 194; but 292 and his Plate Chamaleo namaquensis; 430 (too vague for identification). |
| Chandos. 25.7.89, 24.8.89, 367, 368, 369 |
| Chapmans Chase: apparently Chapmans Bay, but see note in BVR index. 439 |
| Charles' Mount = Devils Peak as BVR 141, 142. 253, 367, 425, 440, 446 |
| Charles (English): cf. next entry. 4.2.83, 5.2.83, 8.2.83, 244 Charles II (ditto): ? same as preceding. 29.7.92, 5.5.94, 2.6.94, 29.9.96, 1.10.96, 3.10.96, 4.10.96, 5.11.96, 15.12.96, 25.4.98, 2.5.98, 390, 412-416, 418, 419, 439, 440, 441 |
| Charlotte AEmilia (Danish flute). 8.1.99, 4.2.99, 445 (unnamed), 446 (ditto) |
| Chaumont, Chevalier de, ‘Relation de l'Ambassade ...’, Paris 1686. 1.6.85, 3.6.85, 4.6.85, 13.3.86, 261, 264, 266, 267, 268, 271, 274-279, 283, 295-306. Plate 44. |
| Cheese. 49, 86, 87, 144, 146, 166 (page 21, liked by Hottentots), 222, 232, 255, 257, 387, 420 |
| Cherries. 82, 139 |
| Chestnuts. 82, 97, 199, 228, 481. Also DR 18.7.61 (at Rondebosch) |
| China. 25.2.99, 27, 111, 150, 171, 281, 448 |
| China (cf. Berg ~). 13.2.81, 16.6.82, 9.4.83, 30.5.83, 1.6.83 |
| Choisy, François Timoléon de, ‘Journal de Voyage ...’, Paris 1687. 264-271, 279, 301-306, 372 |
| Christian IV of Denmark and Norway, 1577-1648. 144 |
| Christianus Quintus (Danish). 7.4.02, 8.5.02, 474 (unnamed) |
| Church. All early references are to a hall in the Fort: 35, 38, 40, 102, 190, 191, 198, 402 (though 166, p. 15, has the ridiculous ‘beautiful churches’ in the plural); as also are DR 11.7.54 (‘the hall where prayers are said daily and the sermon preached on Sundays’), 16.6.56 (similarly), 13.9.65 (‘upstairs in the hall’); although there were at times also rough sheds when this was too small, e.g., DR 4.7.66 (thatched wooden shed), 28.12.68 (blown down, re-erected). For the permanent church see 9.4.78, 28.12.00, 275 (‘begun to build’), and the incorrect 479 (‘in use’), whereas actually it was first used in 1704 only (DR 6.1.04). Plate 28 |
| Churchill, A. and J., ‘A Collection of Voyages and Travels ...’, London 1732. 389 |
| Cibois, Chevalier de. 13.3.86 (‘Grandmaison’), 299, 302, 305 |
| |
| |
| Cicatrisation (Hottentots). 19 (‘grooves and cuts in their skin’), 38 (‘cut and burn many signs in their body’) are definite, as also are BVR 18, 60, 119, 152; but there is room for doubt whether some or all of these do not in reality refer to the custom of making grooves in the fat-smearing with the finger-nails, as 126, 127, 166 (page 21) and BVR 122. |
| Cinnamon. 236 |
| Civet-cat, Genetta sp. 226, 250, 251, 282. Also DR 6.5.52 (seen), 12.6.55 (in van Riebeeck's bedroom; a pest, killing fowls) |
| Civetcat (flute). 13.4.83, 8-10.7.83, 247 (‘Cat’) |
| Claas (Claes, real name Dorha, Chainouqua = Sousoa Hottentot). 10.12.76, 3.3.88, 14.3.88, 21.10.88, 23.10.88, 1.1.91, 19.1.91, 174 (page 111, ally of Dutch against Gonnema, page 135, ditto). (SADB) |
| Clapmuts see Klapmuts |
| Claudius: sent to the Cape by Cleyer* in 1681 as botanist, and with van der Stel's 1685 expedition; but sent away (? to Batavia) because of undue help given to French Jesuits during their visit. Most of the Plates in Tachard are his, and probably those in Chaumont and de la Loubère were drawn by him or redrawn from his work. 248, 251 (‘a good friend’, by his farewell-poem, not included here), ? 269, 281, 286, 289, 300, 304, 329, also in item 78 as ‘German Physition’ (he was an apothecary though engaged as a soldier). See also letter to Holland, 26.4.88, expressing van der Stel's ‘great perturbation’ that he had told the Jesuits so much, and saying that he had now been ‘sent away’. See also SADB volume I. |
| Cleyer, Andrea (senior Surgeon at Batavia: see Michaud, ‘Biographie Universelle ...’, Paris 1854). 199, 206, 343 |
| Clouds over Table Mountain (the Magellanic Clouds, not ‘Table-Cloth’). 277, 401, 402 |
| Cloves. 172, 236 |
| Cnoll, G., ‘Dagregister ...’, in ‘Collectanea’ from Hague Archives. |
| Coatsworth, Capt. Charles. 10.11.99, 464, 465 |
| Cochensona, Hottentot Chief. 5.8.77 |
| Cochin. 57, 185, 464 |
| Cocos Islands. 57, 106 |
| Coeverden see Couverden |
| Coffee (bushes brought for planting -?). 461 |
| Cogge (Koge, yacht). 14.4.65, 22.4.65, 24.3.69, 13.4.69, 8.3.70, 24.3.70, 91, 141, 144 (as ‘Gouda’ in error) |
| Collectanea (ed. Botha, C.G.), Cape Town 1924 |
| Colombo. 62, 65, 185, 207, 235 |
| Colusson, Father. 362, 363, 364, 366 |
| Commelin, Isaac, ‘Begin ende Voortgangh ...’, (Amsterdam) 1686. See BVR. |
| ‘Commandeur’. (1) Commander, as in English; (2) Rank in the V.O.C. service, senior to Upper-Merchant. There is frequent confusion between the two uses: e.g., van Riebeeck is often called ‘the Commandeur’ in the first sense, although he came out as Upper-Merchant only. |
| ‘Commissioner’. If (as was frequently the case) a return-fleet was commanded by an official senior to the Governor at the Cape, he was ordered to inspect there and issue ‘Instructions’ to that Governor. See Böeseken, ‘Nederlandsche Commissarissen ...’, Cape Town 1938. Senior officials in outwards fleets also at times acted thus, e.g., Overtwater in item 13. |
| Comoro Islands. 165, 389, 392 |
| Coningh David (flute). 3.4.55, 15.4.55, 33, 34, 42 (yacht) |
| Constance see Phaulkon |
| Constantia. 31.7.85, 253, 323 (unnamed), ? 390 (ditto), 425 (ditto), 428 |
| Constantia (yacht). 24.12.67, 24.1.68, 102, 106 |
| Content (English). 15.1.02 |
| Coopman, Pieter. 6.3.71, 7.3.71, 155, 156 |
| Cope, John, ‘King of the Hottentots’, Cape Town 1967 |
| Copenhagen. 21.3.02, 9, 141, 143, 174 |
| Copland, Revd. Patrick (in Purchas) see in BVR. |
| Copper. 6.9.55, 28.11.84, passim in items, for barter with Hottentots; but note 216 (discovery of ~ kept secret). |
| Cormorans, Isle aux (Saldanha Bay, Meeuwen Island). 29. Plate 20 |
| Cormorant, Phalacrocorax sp. 39, 96, 132, 187, 482 |
| Cornelia (Hottentot). 174 (pages 125, 127, error for Eva) |
| Cornelia see Juffer ~ |
| Corn-salad. 38 (‘Vetticq’) |
| Coromandel (and see Pondicheri, Masulipatam). 27.2.88, 43, 52, 111, 314, 338, 342, 352, 416 |
| Cortemünde, Jan Pietersz. 166 |
| Cortenhoff (flute). 22.3.59, 1.4.59, 53 |
| Cortgene (Courtiene, etc.). 18.4.76, 28.4.76, 5.4.82, 6.4.82, 29.4.82, 8.9.83, 30.9.83, 30.3.85, 10.4.88, 30.4.88, 182, 184, 236, 243, 252, 338, 339, 340, 342, 351, 352 (often unnamed); and see Courtgene |
| ‘Cosmography ...’, trs. London 1682 from Varenius and Sanson |
| Cossigny, C., ‘Voyage à Canton ...’, Paris (1799): also as ‘J.F. Carpentier Cossigny de Palma’ |
| Coukerken (yacht). 2.4.55, 15.4.55, 33, 34, 42 |
| ‘Council’. By, e.g., Graaf's ‘Oost-Indische Spiegel’ (page 34) a ‘Ship's ~’ was composed of Skipper, Merchant (or Book-keeper if none), Chief Mate; and the Commander of soldiers if the matter affected them; or for graver matters plus other Mates, Bos'n, Gunner, Schieman*, perhaps Quartermasters. ‘Broad ~’ of a fleet included all Skippers and Merchants. At the Cape a Broad ~ included the Governor and the Council of Policy (the ruling body), plus the Skippers of all ships in the roads, the Admiral, Vice- and Rear-Admirals, probably the other Merchants, with as President the visiting Commissioner if any. 8, 65, 77, 156, 185, 191, 236, 245, 247, 248, 260, 329, 339, 366, 377, 401, 414, 415, 416, 418, 419, 420 |
| Councillor, full member of the Council of the Indies, resident at Batavia - see also ‘Extraordinary ~’. |
| Courcelles, Capt. de. 26.4.89, 358 (unnamed), 359 (ditto), 363 (ditto), 365, 366 |
| ‘Courses’ (sails), e.g. 421, see s.v. Spiegelschip. |
| Courtgene (Dutch) see Cortgene: ditto (English) a most improbable name in DR 2.11.86, 4.11.86: ? something like Courtney. 313 (unnamed) |
| Couverden (Kouverven, etc.). 4.2.76 (unnamed), 18.3.76 (ditto), 2.4.82, 8.9.83, 20.9.83, 30.9.83, 11.3.85, 5.6.86, 25.6.86, 180, 236, 243, 252, 311 |
| Cowley, Capt Ambrose, ‘Voyage round the Globe ...’ in Hacke (also in Moore, Harris, etc.) 307-311 |
| Cowries, Cypraea (but not necessarily moneta, cf. DR 9.10.52 ‘like ~’) 84, 237, 241 |
| Craanvogel (cf. Croonvogel). 1.12.80 |
| Crab (too vague for identification: cf. Crayfish). 135, 136 (‘Taschen Krebse’), 387 (‘crabfish’), 409 (in addition to crayfish), 460 (large, 1½ feet long) |
| Crane (more probably Heron, Ardea sp.) 132, 213, 338, 483 (in addition to Herons) |
| Crayfish, Jasus lalandii (cf. Crab). 136, 192, 409, 483 |
| Cretser, Cornelis de (Secretary 1665, Fiscaal 1666). 2.10.70. 101 |
| Crimps (and see Seelen-Verkauffers). 110, 226, 401. Also very fully described in Langhansz (his ‘Introduction’, not included here), Thunberg I 73-76, Mentzel 11 21-23. |
| |
| |
| Croese, Serjeant Jeronimus see Cruse |
| Croonenburg. 8.4.83, 1.6.83, 29.12.86, 314 (‘Krossenburg’) |
| Croonvogel (hooker, cf. Craanvogel). 18.4.76, 28.4.76 |
| Crow. 134 (‘black’ Corvus capensis, ‘spotted’ C. albus) |
| Crudop, Hendrik. 1646-80. Bremen, to Cape 1668, Secretary 1671, Secunde 1676, i/c, 29.6.78 and passim to 12.10.79, 191, 222. To Batavia 1680. (Hoge) (SADB) |
| ‘Cruisers’, ships sent from Holland to meet returnfleets when sailing ‘Northabout*’: in times of war to protect them, at all times to take them fresh foods, and fresh men to replace sick. 67, 156, 177, 180, 242, 340, 352, 411 |
| Cruse, Jeronimus (Sergeant, later Ensign, Lieutenant, Captain). 22.4.69, 27.9.70, 2.10.70, 29.4.73, 14.7.73, 25.7.73, 26.3.76, 1.11.76, 19.11.76, 23.11.76, 10.12.76, 30.7.77, 5.8.77, 6.5.78, 191, 194. Also Resolutions 8.4.82 (to be Captain-Lieutenant ‘and Captain if none sent out this year’) (SADB) |
| Cruythoff, Serjeant Pieter. 10-11.3.61, 16.10.72 (SADB) |
| Cucumbers. 161, 232, 237. Also DR 2.10.54 (more land for ~) |
| Currants. 188, 481 (do not bear fruits) |
| Cuyper (Hottentot Chief, Watermen). 20.8.73, 5.3.88, 174 (page 111, ally of Dutch against Gonnema, 135, ditto), 188 (ditto), 190 (trustworthiness doubted) |
| ∏sp; |
| Dacha, Dagga see under Hottentots |
| Damberger, C.F. ‘Travels ...’, London 1801 (from Leipzig also 1801). Some notes on the Cape are of value: the overland journey is of course fiction. |
| Damiaten. 4.3.71, 111 (but not DR: ? error for Eendracht, q.v.), 155 |
| Dampier, William. Book in three volumes with different titles: I ‘A New Voyage round the World ...’, London 1703 (first edition 1697, practically same text); II ‘Voyages and Descriptions ...’, London 1699; III ‘A Voyage to New Holland ...’, London 1703. 307, 377-385 (from Vol. I), 471 (from Vol. III). Plates 56, 57 |
| Danes and Denmark (and see Copenhagen). 6.12.72, 9.12.72, 10.12.72, 17.1.88, 8.1.99, 4.2.99, 7.4.02, 8.5.02, 9, 95, 143, 166, 199, 236, 244, 376, 439, 440, 442, 445, 446, 458, 474 |
| Dapper, O., ‘Nauwkeurige Beschrijvinge der Afrikaansche Gewesten ...’, Amsterdam 1668. Also ‘Description de l'Afrique ...’, Amsterdam 1686. Part on Hottentots trs. in Schapera. A mere compilation, largely from Nieuhoff, Hondius, etc. 58, 226. Plates 1, 19, 21, 22 |
| Dassen Island. 14.5.53, 8.3.55, 26.2.75, 21.10.99, 24.10.99, 10, 26, 39, 55 (in error, ‘Taxen’), ? 71, 174 (Page 89, passed, post for sealing and sheep), 401, 402, (‘Taschen’), 458, 459, 460, 464, 483. Also DR 14.11.52 (visited, described), 17.1.53 (ditto), van Goens Instructions 16.4.57 (V.O.C. markers to be set on ~, van Riebeeck's note ‘Done, 22.10.57’). Plates 24, 51 |
| Dassie, Procavia capensis. 14.5.53 (~ from Dassen Island to Robben Island), 16, 26, 82 (‘Steendassen’, ? error for Steenbok), 209, 213 (‘rabbits’), 297 (ditto), 459 (‘rabbits or killen’), 482 |
| Davis Strait. 107 |
| ‘Death's-head’ (fish), Callorhyncus capensis. 192, 302 |
| Decks. Originally (NED) the ‘half-deck’ ran from mainmast to stern (above the top deck which ran the whole length of the ship), with on it the helm* and the binnacle, and, right aft, the Cajuit*, roofed by the ‘quarterdeck’. But later (NED and Capt. Smith) the term ‘half-deck’ was restricted to the part forward of the helm, that aft of it being now called the ‘quarter-deck’, and the roof of the cajuit being now termed the poop*. |
| Declination (compass). When the existence of this, the difference between true and magnetic norths, was first discovered, it was hoped that it would serve to indicate the longitude. Unfortunately it was soon found that it varied from year to year, and was thus of little long-term value. It however still remained useful when compared with recent observations, which is the reason why most of the logs note it day by day, observing it at sunrise or sunset, Mundy in HS II 46 has a useful note on the subject, and there is an excellent footnote: see also Langhansz (his pages 627-631, not included here). 144, 156, 277, 278, 308, 309, 359, 360, 380, 391, 410, 412, 417, 422, 423, 439, 441 |
| Deer (a vague term, often apparently Hartebeest, Alcelaphus caama). 8, 29, 34, 56, 76, 82, 108, 119, 122, 123, 137, 164, 166 (page 15), 184, 213, 270, 284, 286, 297, 394, 429, 482. Plate 38 |
| Defence (English). ? 12.4.91, 10.5.91, ? 2.6.91, 377-385 |
| Degrandpré, L.M.J. O'H. ‘Voyage ...’ Paris 1801 |
| De la Caile, N.L., ‘Journal ...’, Paris 1763 |
| Delagoa, Rio/Bay. 30.9.88, 12.10.88 |
| De la Guerre, Jonas. 17.7.55, 34 (unnamed), 35 (ditto) |
| De la Haye. 23.8.70, 101, 157 |
| De la Loubère, Simon, ‘Du Royaume de Siam’, Paris 1691. 11.6.87, 21.4.88, 317-322, 324, 329, 352. Plates 46, 47 |
| Delfshaven. 17.4.69, 5.4.72, 164 |
| Delft. 20.3.70, 76-78 |
| ‘Derdewaak’. Junior mate not in charge of a watch, mentioned in addition to Second and Third Mates by Graaf, (‘Oost-Indische Spiegel’, 33, 34). 33 |
| Der Goes (yacht: cf. Wapen van ~). 11.4.55, 32, 42 |
| De Ruyter, Dutch fleet-commander. 28.11.67 |
| Desfarges, General (and his sons). 11.6.87, 16.6.87, 322, 324, 329, 331 |
| ‘Devil’ (fish). 474 (the one horn suggests Pterois sp., but rare so far south) |
| Devils Peak (3,282 feet. At this period officially ‘Windberg’, Wind Hill, although popularly ~ as, e.g., Kolbe 73: in English accounts almost always ‘Charles' Mount’ q.v.) 23, 26, 56, 166 (page 16, ‘Blower or ~’), 174 (page 97), 183, 189, 190, 191 (? ores on), 192, 198, 199, 209, 210 (3,298 feet), 212, 227, 228, 237, 243, 308, 319, 339, 367, 375, 402, ? 418 (as ‘James' Mount’), 425, 427, 439, 440, 446, 461. Plates 7, 9, 21, 31 (misidentified as ‘Sugar Lofe’), |
| Deyl see Dyle |
| Diana. 9.11.92, 389, 390, 391 |
| Diemen, A. van (Governor-General 1593-1645). 71 |
| Diemer, Elmer (Burgher-Councillor). 166 (page 16), 192, 193 |
| Diemermeer (flute). 11.3.65, 22.4.65, 79 |
| Dieren. 8.6.99, 452 (unnamed) |
| Discovery (English). 26.3.02, 27.3.02, 4.4.02, 8.5.02, 473, 474 |
| ‘Dispensier’. The best English equivalent is probably ‘Victualler’, since he was chiefly responsible for food-stuffs (but not those for sale to freemen, for which see ‘Winkelier’). |
| ‘Dodersen’. Used 39 for penguins |
| Dogs, Wild, Lycaon pictus. 16, 39, 138, 183, 184, 240, 270, 297, 429 |
| Doit. ⅛ stiver, say ⅛d. |
| Dolphijn (Dolphijntje, Dolphin: small vessel, in local service). 19.6.88, 18.7.88, 1.7.96, 1.7.97, 48, 49, 164. Also DR 12.2.99 (to Robben Island), 10.12.00 (to Saldanha Bay), etc. |
| Dolphin, Delphinus sp.., probably D. capensis (also
|
| |
| |
| Coryphaena hippurus, but this almost invariably as ‘Dorado’, q.v.), 136, 250 |
| Doman (Hottentot). 5-6.4.60, 20 (vaguely), ? 71, ? 349. Also DR 12.12.55 (‘a certain other Hottentot called ~ or Dominee ... seeming to be entirely welldisposed towards us, and ... employed ... as interpreter’). Taken to Batavia by van Goens 5.4.57, back 6.3.58. DR 21.3.58 (‘~, the Hottentot who had ... returned from Batavia with the Hon. Cunaeus ... named Anthony at his own request’), 22.6.58 (‘heartily to be wished he had never been in Batavia’), 7.2.59 (‘less to be trusted than Herry*’) |
Domburgh (yacht). 18.3.55, 31.3.55, 32, 34
ditto, ? same. 14.2.98, 17.2.98, 20.2.98, 427 |
| Donc, Gerritt van der see Verdonk |
| Donkervliet. 14.2.98, 17.2.98, 13.3.98 |
| Doorth. 12.2.72 |
| Dorado, Coryphaena hippurus. 284 (‘not the ~ of France’). Also Plate 58. |
| Dordrecht. 25.8.66, 62 |
| Dorha (Hottentot) see Claas |
| Dorothy (English). 25.1.90, 6.2.90 |
| Dorrill, Capt. Robert. 5.5.94, 25.4.98, 412-416, 418-421, 439, 440 |
| Dorrill. 29.9.96, 5.11.96, 15.12.96, 412-418 |
| Dove, Columba guinea (and see Turtledove). 134 |
| Dover. 33, 182, 366 |
| Downs, the. 25.4.69, 18.4.76, 30.4.76, 14.7.92, 10.11.99, 19.12.99, 33, 185, 385, 389, 421, 471 |
| Downton, Nicholas see BVR 47ff, 63ff |
| Draek (Vergulde ~). 15.2.54, 12.3.54, 13.3.54, 14.3.54, 10, 11, 27. Also DR 23.4.57 (mentioned as wrecked 28.4.56 in ‘Southland’) |
| Dragons. 154, 166 (page 15, ‘big ~ with wings’). Plate 23a |
| Drakenstein. 10.10.87, 25.12.87, 23.10.88, 24.10.88, 25.10.88, 13.11.88, 10.5.95, 31.7.00, 28.3.02, 428, 431, 432. Note that early mentions of ~ refer to the whole valley from the modern Fransch Hoek to Groot ~, not merely to the latter: this explains why some say that the Huguenots settled ‘at ~’, others ‘at Fransch Hoek’. |
| Dregterland. 25.7.89, 13.2.99, 20.3.99; 368, 369, 448 (all unnamed) |
| Driebergen. 19.2.99, 20.3.99, 448 (unnamed) |
| Drie Croonen. 27.5.94, 17.6.94, 22.1.99, 25.1.99, 7.2.99, 14.1.01, 401 (unnamed), 471 (‘Three Crowns’). Mentioned in 1702 as wrecked on outward passage |
| Drilvis, Narke capensis, Torpedo marmorata. 16 (‘Kraekvis’), 57 (‘Trillvis’), 284 (‘Torpedo’) |
| Droite (renamed Swarte Leeuw). 390 |
| Dropsy. 19, 156 |
| Dublin. 173, 174 |
| Dubbeltje (Dubleke). Two-stiver piece, say 2d. |
| Ducat. 143. DR 18.3.99 placcaat repeating van Goens Jr. Instructions 10.3.85, to be 5 gld., that is 100 stivers; but also found as 105 and 108 st. |
| Ducatoon. 258, 401. DR, etc., as preceding entry. To be 10 sch. 3 st., that is 63 stivers; but also found as 72 and 78 st. at the Cape although 63 in Holland. |
| Du Chatz, Father. 24.6.87 (unnamed), 326, 327, 328 |
| Ducks, Wild: Hill, Cadorna cana; Black, Anas sparsa; Yellowbill, A. undulata; Shoveller, Spatula capensis; Pintail, perhaps Phaethon rubricauda; Snow, perhaps Adamastor cinereus. 123, 133, 164, 184, 240, 394, 482 |
| Duijns see Downs |
| Duit. ⅛ stiver, or say ⅛d. |
| Duke of Gloucester (English). 454 |
| Duquesne, Marquis Henri. 11.6.87, 10.4.88, 11.4.88, 374, 376 |
| Duquesne-Guiton, Marquis Abraham. 322, 329, 330, 353, 370-374, 386, 387 |
| Duynhoop. 2.10.52, 7.2.54, 4-5.4.61, 36 (‘Sandenburgh’), 166 (page 8, unnamed, ‘redoubt at the mouth of the river’) |
| Duynvliet. 5.2.68 |
| Dyle, Capt. van (of Berkel). 21.10.96, 423 |
|
| Earth-nut. CAS Lathyrus tuberosus (in Holland). 486 |
| ‘Easterner’. 209 (here = man from an ‘Oostsee’, Baltic port, not in the usual sense of Malay) |
| East-India Merchant (English). 11.1.97, 1.2.97, 425 |
| Echoorn (hooker, 15 men). 9.6.65 |
| Eendracht. 3.12.68, 13.12.68, 111 (? as Damiaten in error), 114-117 (‘Eintracht’) |
| Eenhoorn. 19.4.85, 2.5.85, 1.4.88, 18.4.88, 30.4.88, 336, 337, 339, 340, 342, 351 (unnamed), 352 (ditto) |
| Eerste R. (into False Bay). Plates 45, 51 |
| Egmont-on-Sea. 252, 316 |
| Eland, Taurotragus oryx. 119, 122, 137, 164, 184, 213, 270, 286, 297, 429 (as ‘elk’) |
| Elburg (Elburus), flute. 29.11.68, 3.12.68, 13.12.68, 110, 111, 117 |
| Elephant, Loxodonta africana. 29, 56, 64, 119, 122, 136 (does not fight rhinoceros), 141, 149 (enemy of rhinoceros), 163, 166 (page 11, at Salt River, fighting rhinoceros, armourplated, page 15), 184, 202, 205, 213, 233, 239, 266, 270, 282, 286, 297, 300, 429, 462, 481. Plates 23, 65 |
| Elephantiasis. 19, 68 |
| Elephant-seal see Sea-lion |
| ‘Elevens’, the (Walvis Rock). 454 |
| Elizabeth (English). 29.7.92, 5.8.92 |
| Ell. Obsolete unit of measurement, elbow to wrist, or to palm of hand, or to finger-tips. Flemish (Dutch) ~ about 27 inches, English ~ 45 inches. |
| Elpendam see Ilpendam |
| Elsevier, Samuel (Secunde* from arrival in 1697 until deposed in 1706). 30.12.99 (‘Joan’), 31.12.99 (‘Samuel’); 467, 469, 470 (SADB). |
| Emeland (Eemland, yacht). 27.5.86, 13.6.86, 25.6.86, 308, 311 |
| Emmenes (Emenes, little flute). 19.4.85, 2.5.85, 3.8.89, 12.6.93, 368, 369 (unnamed, ‘flyboat’) |
| ‘Enemies’ of the whale. 250. In reality none except the Killer-Whale, Orcinus orca: the Dolphin preys chiefly on flying-fishes, the Tunny on surface-swimming fishes, and the Sword-fish usually attacks fishes smaller than itself, although attacks on baleenwhales have (rarely) been recorded - more probably however Hesse here confusedly means the Killer-Whale, since this was at times called ‘Swordfish’, from the way that the erect dorsal fin of the male adult cuts through the water. |
| Enkhuisen, J.P. van, in Commelin, BVR 29 |
| Entelope see Antelope |
| Equator, ‘baptism’ on passing: never in V.O.C. ships. 271, 330, 374, 474. In earlier days (e.g., BVR 123, 129) there were similar ‘baptisms’ of neophytes on passing the Berlengas near the Portuguese coast. |
| ‘Equipagie-Meester’ (Port-Captain, in charge i.a. of ships' stores, and of ships and boats in local service). 196 |
| Erasmus (yacht, 116 men). 24.9.59 to 12.3.60 see item 10, 20.3.60, 55, 58, 60, 62, 64, 65 |
| Erle, William. 414, 417-423, 441, 442 |
| Ert, Thomas. 3.12.68, 7.12.68, 110 (unnamed) |
| Etersham. 5.6.94, 12.6.94 |
| Europa (not the same as Frans ~). 1.7.73, 20.2.80, 27.9.81, 28.9.81, 15.10.81, 23.11.83, 231, 235, 246, 248, 253 |
| Eva (Hottentot). 19, 21. Also DR 28.1.54 (‘a girl who had lived with us and had been given the name of ~’), 12.1.56 (‘a certain girl called ~ by us ... for
|
| |
| |
| some time ... lived in the Commander's house, where also she learned some Dutch’), 31.10.57 (‘aged 15 or 16, who has been in the service of the Commander's wife from the beginning, and is now living here permanently’), 2.6.64 (married to Meerhoff), 29.7.74 (death, summary of career), 30.7.94 (burial). And 68, 70, 71, 166 (page 4, met by him on Robben Island, scandalous life as widow), 174 (page 125, ‘civil and modest’ [sic], page 127 (‘Cornelia’ in error, was married to ‘a Surgeon’, ‘now lives a scandalous life’), 242 (details incorrect). Hottentot name Krotoa, niece of Herry*, sister-in-law of Oedasoa*. See also Bosman in ‘Huisgenoot’, July 1942. (SADB) |
| Evans, Capt. John. 473, 474 |
| Everard, Robert. 389-391 |
| Evrard, Sjt. Pieter. 77 (unnamed, as ‘Ensign’) |
| Expeditions, Inland. 6.9.55, 6.6.57, 21.3.58, 10-11.3.61, 11.2.71, 27.3.80, 21.10.80, 26.1.86o, 22, 23, 68, 70, 114, 118, 148, 156, 166 (page 22, once or twice a year for barter), 205, 214o-216o, 269, 289-292o, 297, 300o, 303o, 304o, 306o, 398o, 399o, 437o, 463o. The entries marked o refer to van der Stel's ~ in 1685. See also DR 3.4.55, first ~ ‘30 miles* mostly northwards’. |
| Extraordinary Councillor, associate member of the Council of the Indies, attending meetings if he happened to be in Batavia, able to join in discussions but normally without a vote. |
| Eyklenburg (frigate). 30.1.99, 8.2.99, 446 (unnamed) |
|
| Fair Isle (Shetlands). 180, 340 |
| False Bay. 6.8.53 (casually mentioned, as if already an accepted name), 21.4 to 9.5.55 see Canal*, 5.6.64, 1.1.76, 8.5.86, 3.2.88, 21.2.99, 1.3.99 (ridiculous ‘survey’). 13 (unnamed), 76, 136, 157 (and Nieuhoff's map, Plate 24), 194. Plates 24, 45, 51 |
| False Cape (at this period = Hanglip, although earlier Danger Point as in BVR). 26, 79, 90, 94, 106, 142, 230, 313, 326, 336, 340, 412, 441, 447, 452, 465. Mislocated on Plate 39 |
| Fame (English). 31.1.99, 8.2.99, 9.2.99, 445, 446 |
| Faria y Sousa, Manuel de, ‘Asia Portugesa ...’, see in BVR |
| ‘Faysons’ = Cape Doves (from Portuguese ‘feijoes’, spotted beans) |
| Fenix see Phenix |
| Fernando Noronha Island. 176, 177 |
| ‘Figs’ (Hotnotsvygen, Carprobrotus edulis, formerly Mesembryanthemum edule). 351 |
| Finger-mutilation see s.v. Hottentots |
| Firebrass (English). 29.1.83, 6.2.83, 244 |
| Fiscaal: legal officer, member of Court in civil cases, Public Prosecutor in criminal ones. 12.12.66, 24.1.68, 8.7.69, 16.3.86, 23.4.88, 20.8.88, 30.12.99. 11, 166 (pages 12, 13, 15), 187, 191, 195, 266, 365, 402, 420, 422, 442, 464, 465, 467, 469, 479 |
| Fiscaal Independent. Unlike the preceding, he could be appointed or removed by the Lords XVII only, not by the local council, but differed in no other way. Blesius was ~ |
| Fish and fishing (Table Bay unless otherwise noted). 26.6.52, 21.2.57, 7.1.58, 5, 8, 11, 16, 26 (Saldanha Bay), 29 (ditto), 39, 42, 49, 53, 57, 62, 65, 70, 83, 96 (Saldanha Bay), 107, 136, 192, 195, 208, 233, 266, 267, 268, 284, 297, 301, 331, 381, 394, 398, 422, 460, 474 (Agulhas Bank), 483 (Fish Bay and Saldanha Bay) |
| Fish Bay. 483 |
| ‘Fish’: long piece of hard wood, concave one side, convex other, used to strengthen mast. 310 (‘clapped a ~ to the foremast’) |
| ‘Fisining’. Query ‘fashioning’ or ‘finishing’? 442 |
| Flacourt, Etienne de, ‘Histoire de la Grande Isle Madagascar ...’, Paris 1658. 29, 30. Plate 5 |
Flag. Dutch (or ‘Princes ~’) definitely Red (not Orange)/White/[Pale] Blue horizontally by 180, 197 198, Mentzel 1 99, Buttner 4, 5: also 171, 214, 220.
This as signal to follow 33, to come ashore 64
Recognition-signals at Cape (and see Lion's Head). 146, 198, 199, 217
Admiral*, etc., 7.3.71, 144, 182, 208, 219, 220, 246, 300, 338 and Plates 6, 30
Blue, order to sail. 220, 339, 410
White, at sea to call Broad Council. 156, 339, also Graaf's ‘Oost-Indische Spiegel’ page 34
White, peace. 10.12.66 (or ? French), 358 (ditto)
Red, war. ? 8.3.55 (in item 3), but doubtful by context
English. 20.9.65 (‘Red’), 24.7.73 (‘white with red cross’). At this period the Royal Navy ~ was the Union ~ of today less the St. Patrick's cross, but in 1664 merchantships were ordered to fly the George cross if English (the Andrew if Scottish), which fits the second entry, the first being inexplicable.
French. 31.8.66 (‘blue’, in item 15), 10.12.66 (‘white’, ditto; or ? for peace). At this period it was white with three golden fleurs-de-lys: the ‘blue’ entry is inexplicable. |
| Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber. 14, 15, 133, 134, 164, 174 (page 103, ‘sort of pelican’ [sic]) |
| Fleet (frigate, English, 60 men, 22 guns). 25.2.99, 447, 448, 451 |
| Fleischer, Andreas Gottfried. 3.12.68, 110 |
| Flies. 17, 485 |
| Flowers, Capt. John. 11.11.99, 464, 465 |
| Flushing see Vlissingen |
| ‘Flute’ (Namaquas): in reality a sort of ‘Pan-pipe’. 289, 290, 291 |
| Flute (ship): English ‘flyboat’, the NED definition of ~ not being applicable to Dutch vessels. Similar rig to ‘Spiegelschip*’, but with rounded stern instead of the high, square one; also usually slimmer, lesser draft, faster. Note Zuylen called both ~ and galliot*, and ship of DR 7.3.71 both ~ and yacht*. Passim in the DR references, 4, 23, 33, 48, 53, 75, 79, 141, 142, 157, 164, 165, 168, 185, 208, 243, 246, 247, 248, 252, 258, 260, 314, 322, 329, 330, 338, 339, 342, 343, 358, 359, 361, 368. Plate 25 |
| Flyboat see Flute |
| Flying-fish, Exocoetus volitans etc., 46, 143, 271. Plates 55, 58 |
| Fogo Island (Cape Verde Islands). 111, 112 |
| Fontenai, Father de. 265, 267, 271, 274, 275, 287 |
| Forbes, Vernon S. 386 |
| Forbin, Chevalier de, ‘Journal ...’, Amsterdam 1730. 1.6.85, 11.4.88, 261-264, 266, 271, 274, 305, 353. Plate 32 |
| Formosa. 53, 57 |
| Forster, G., ‘Voyage round the World ...’, London 1778 (Vol. II) |
| Fort, First. 9.4.52, 15.5.52, 21.10.52, 18.1.53, 9.10.54, 17-20.8.60, 28.6.63, 30.5.65, 16.2.71, 19.5.74, 9, 13, 35, 38 (described), 46, 49, 56, 63, 68, 76 (commanded by dunes), 79, 94, 97, 101 (dilapidated), 103, 112, 144, 183, 189, 190 (walls thrown down into moat, living-quarters preserved), 226, 258, 269 (wooden, sic). Also repairs passim in DR, and Resolutions 27.10.71 (‘lying like a mole-heap’). Plan Hague Archives 814, in VRS edition of Van Riebeeck Diaries, Cape Archives 49 in Ras., A., ‘De Kasteel ...’, Cape Town 1959: see also this invaluable book. Plates 8, 17, 18, 28 |
| Fort, Second. 8.6.65 (sited badly), 26.8.65 (re-sited), 2.1.66, 10.5.67, 16.2.71 (one bastion ready), 21.2.71,
|
| |
| |
| 25.3.71, 29.2.72, 26.3.72, 3.9.76 (completed), 5.3.82, 12.4.84, 16.7.85 (Kat* ordered), 2.12.88, 22.5.95, 94, 101, 144, 161, 166 (page 15, built 1664 [sic], surrounded by moat), 174 (page 91, in hand), 180, 189, 198 (moat landwards only), 212, 227, 232, 243, 262, 269 (no moat), 270, 272, 274, 275, 278, 279, 282, 296, 309, 317, 331, 363-366, 381, 387 (no moat), 399, 402 (moat landwards only), 423, 427, 428 (no moat or outworks), 479. Also DR 4.8.73 (guns being moved in from first fort), Resolutions 2.10.77 (landward gate to be closed and new one made towards sea), 16.10.77 (moat to be deepened and widened, refutatation [sic] of Gunner's statement that ~ commanded from Devils Peak, and his arrest), 25.2.81 (moat, landward only, to be deepened and widened but not extended), Van Goens Sr. Instructions. DR 5.3.82 (seaward gate to be closed again, new gate landward), letter to Holland 30.4.84 (belltower built over this new gate; as today). Also Cape Archives (60, in Ras), 1682, showing both gateways, and moat on four of the five flanks, but not to seaward. Plates 28, 31, 45, 46, 51, 63, 65:34, 55 are ridiculous. |
| Fouche, Dr. Leo. 32 |
| Foula. 156 |
| Fox (probably Jackal, Thos mesomelas: less probably Vulpes chama). 126, 147, 148, 166 (page 20, tail, Hottentot flywhisk), 174 (page 117, Hottentot peniscover), 183, 394. |
| ‘Fraises’, sharpened stakes set more or less horizontally in walls of fort (see NED). 94 |
| Fransch Hoek. 403. See also Drakenstein |
| Frans Europa (not the same as Europa). 15.4.73, 29.4.73, 1.5.73, 168, 170, 171, 173 |
| Fredericus Quartus (Danish). 21.3.02, 8.5.02 |
| Fredrick (English). 6.9.99, 14.9.99 |
| Freemen-colonists. 28.4.55, 21.2.57, 6.6.57, 17.7.57, 7.1.58, 1.5.59, 13.9.60, 24.9.66, 16.12.66, 22.1.67, 2.10.70, 14.10.72, 29.6.73, 6.7.73 (first mention of ~ sent out from Holland), 14.7.73, 20.3.76, 20.3.81 (now 600), 16.7.85 (153 families), 8.10.85 (girls sent out), 23.4.88, 27.4.88, 12.10.88 (girls), 15.10.88, 24.10.88, 7.12.88, 1.8.96, 22.6.1700, 28.3.02 (census), 13, 49, 56 (‘sent out with wives and children’, [sic]), 65 (ditto), 70, 77, 82, 83, 97, 100, 103, 129, 146, 166 (page 15, now 250), 183, 212, 214, 227, 228, 232, 234, 237, 243, 259, 296, 300, 380, 396, 397, 402, 403, 407, 408, 429, 430, 447, 467. Also letter to Holland 21.5.57 with list of wives and children recommended for sending out. |
| French (and see Armagnan, Bèze, Cassini, Chaumont, Choisy, Cibois, Colluson, Cossigny, Coucelles, Degrandpré, de la Caille, de la Guerre, de la Haye, de la Loubère, Desfarges, Duquesne (two), du Chatz, Flacourt, Fontenai, Forbin, Guedeville, Huguenots, Jourdain, Joyeux, Labillardière, Le Blanc, Leguat, Lullier, Masurier, Mondevergue, Pagès, Prévost, Pyrard de Laval, Rennefort, St. Martin, St. Pierre, Sebret, Sonnerat, Tachard, Tavernier, Thevenot, Vaudricourt, Walckenaer). 10.12.66 to 22.1.67 in item 15, 20.11.67, 23.8.70 to 2.10.70 in item 15, 31.7.72, 15.3.79, 22.5.79, 4.3.82, 18.4.85, 28.4.85, 31.5.85, passim June 1685, March 1686, June 1687, 11.7.87, 27.2.88, passim April to June 1688, 26.4.89, 8.5.89, 30.6.89, 5.5.95, 3.2.98, 11.4.98, 19.4.98, 29.4.98, 22.6.1700, 71, 94-101, 122, 143, 158, 168, 175, 178, 199, 204, 210, 220, 221, 338, 342, 343, 390, 439, 440, 458 |
| Fresh River (now flowing underground; and see Water, Table Bay), 26, 38 (unnamed), 174 (page 97, through Garden), 216, 242, 381, 398, 477, 480.. Plates 17, 46 |
| Frigate: relatively small warship, probably with one tier of guns only: figures quoted are 20 to 30 guns, 60 to 70 men; but French ~ much larger, 30 to 50 guns, up to 350 men. Note that Swarte Leeuw figures both as ~ and yacht*. 22.1.67, 17.1.88, 10.4.88, 1.7.94, 7.9.96, 12.11.96, 24.5.97, 1.7.97, 3.2.98, 1.6.98, 19.2.99, 8.3.99, 2.4.99, 3.7.99, 29.11.99, 30.12.99, 20.8.02, 168, 211, 261, 264, 271, 295, 299, 322, 338, 342, 343, 447, 448, 451, 464 |
| Frogs, too vague for identification. 41, 209, 210 |
| Fryke, Christopher, ‘Ostindische Reise ...’, Ulm 1692. (Trs. by De Vries, Utrecht, 1694; by ‘S.L.’, London 1700 reprinted in ‘Seafarer's Library’, London 1929.) 58, 182, 226, 229-235, 258-261. Plate 29 |
| Funnell, Wm., ‘Voyage round the World ...’, London 1707 |
|
| Gabbema, Abraham. 5.6.64, 76, 77. Also DR 19.10.57 (in charge of expedition). (SADB) |
| Galle. 24.3.69, 1.1.76, 1.3.76, 4.3.79, 8.4.83, 11.3.85, 10.4.88, 28.12.96, 185, 207, 243, 314 28.12.96, 185, 207, 243, 314 |
| Gallion. Gallioen (Dutch) see Head |
| Galliot: small sailing-vessel, one mast, with triangular foresail, and mainsail on gaff with or without boom, with lee-boards, used coastally in Holland but quite capable of ocean voyages: figures quoted are 14 to 26 men. 18.1.53, 10.4.55, 1.4.59, 5.1.88, 3.2.88, 3.9.88, 30.9.88, 12.10.88, 19.10.88, 31.3.90, 1.7.94, 8.9.96, 27.10.96, 1.7.97, 6.4.02, 4, 10, 34, 38, 39, 178 (pilot-boat) |
| ‘Gallows’, The (Mouille Point). 387. Note the ~ on Plates 11, 63 |
| Gamron (Bandar Abbas). 167 |
| Garagiaus, not identified. 483 |
| Garden, The Company's. 3.7.53, 25-26.5.54, 1.10.55, 28-29.4.56, 8.6.65, 29.12.66, 13.3.74, 9.3.80, 3.6.85, 4.6.85, 30.10.85, 16.6.87, 20.6.99, 1.7.99, 13 (15 morgen [sic]), 38, 41, 46, 76, 79, 102 (15 morgen), 139, 166 (page 15, ‘large and beautiful’), 174 (page 97, rosemary hedges, lemons, oranges, laurcls, well-watered), 188, 192, 198 (1,000 by 300 roods, error for ‘yards’), 199, 212 (1,400 by 220-230 yards, 33 morgen), 228, 255, 266, 267, 268, 270, 275-279, 287 (1,411 by 235 paces, say 35 morgen), 296, 297, 300, 302, 303, 309 (one mile by one furlong), 317, 319, 324, 342, 343, 351, 364, 381, 382, 387, 398, 404 (‘roods’ in error, as 198), 423, 428, 461, 466, 480 (1,430 by 240 paces). Also Placcaat 22.9.54 against trespass on ~; Frisius Report 1661 (21 morgen); van Goens Jr. Instructions 1681 (20 morgen). Valentyn X 17-20 describes as of 19 morgen, Kolbe 650 also as 19 morgen, but adding that the part furthest from the Church was originally part of ~, but taken as pasture by Simon van der Stel. See also Karsten, M.C., ‘The Old Company 's ~’, Cape Town 1951. Plates 17, 28, 46 |
| Garrison: the term as used in Dutch documents includes civilian officials, surgeons, clergy, etc., i.e., all the employees of the Company; and the total of soldiers includes those specially employed or ‘lent*’, so that an entirely false idea is given of the number actually doing duty. 10.5.67, 12.4.84, 16.7.85 (van Reede's Instructions 332 ‘soldiers’), 5.5.95, 1.7.98, 1.7.97, 1.7.98, 38, 94 (400 ‘in the fort’, which is ridiculous), 103, 166 (page 15, 2,000 soldiers and 250 civilians, even more ridiculous), 198 (300-400, i.e. total employees), 212 (400-500, ditto), 227 (300-350, ditto), 372 (1,200 sic), 402 (300-400 ‘in the fort’ sic), 428 (500 in the fort sic). See also, e.g. DR 3.7.58 (97, of whom 19 sick), Resolutions 17.1.71 (209, but after deducting non-combatants, outposts, sailors, etc., only 43 soldiers in fort), ditto 12.2.84 (310, of whom only 80 soldiers in fort) |
| |
| |
| Gavoitoyns, not identified. 483 |
| Gazelle, probably Gemsbok, Oryx gazella. 282, 286, 331 |
| Gecroonde Leeuw. 6.3.58, 19.3.58, 23.12.59 |
| Gecroonde Vrede. 5.3.71, 25.3.72, 155, 158, 164 |
| Geelvink (frigate). 7.9.96, 27.10.96, 15.12.96; 414, 418, 419 (all unnamed) |
| Geese, Wild (too vague for identification). 34, 123, 133, 164, 394, 482 |
| Gemsbok, Oryx gazella (and see Gazelle). 137 |
| Gent (Gendt). 8.5.98, 10.5.99, 25.3.02, 8.5.02, 439 (unnamed), 440 (ditto), 441 (ditto), 442 (ditto), 491 |
| Gerechtigheid. 1.2.71, 24.2.71, 9.4.72, 164 |
| Giedde, Ove. 144 (in BVR but without mention of inscription) |
| Gilchrist, in Proceedings of the Philosophical Society, 1900. 131 |
| Ginseng see s.v. Canna |
| ‘Gladiolus’. 174 (page 119, leaves for huts, bulbs eaten, ‘Hotnotsvyg’; page 129 ‘Swordlily’, ditto). Gladiolus psittacus is ‘Sword-lily’ and leaves could be so used, but corms eaten medicinally only; and ‘Hotnotsvyg’, Carprobrotus (ex Mesembryanthemum) edulis is not ‘Sword-lily’, nor could leaves be so used. |
| ‘Glass’. Sand-glass emptying itself in 30 minutes, when it was turned and the bell struck, once, twice, etc., in succession from the watch-setting. Hence Dutch and German accounts often write of a time as, e.g., ‘four glasses’, for the Englisch ‘four bells’, in both cases two hours after watch-setting. (There were also half-minute or minute sand-glasses used for measuring the speed of the ship through the water, her ‘way’: e.g. 392) |
| Gnu, Connochaetes gnou.? 137 (‘Wilde-Böcke’) |
| Goa. 62, 141, 389, 471 |
| Goat: in error, or for ‘bok’. 28.3.02; but 39, 56 (‘~, sheep, or also wild animals’), 82, 103, 243, 331 |
| Godee-Molsbergen, E.C., ‘De Stichter van Hollands Zuid-Afrika’, Amsterdam 1912. 58, 75 |
| Goede Hoop. 5.6.92, 4.9.92, 390 |
Goens, Ryklof van, Senior. 21.4 to 9.5.55, 16.3 to 19.4.57, 16.2.82, 236, 243. SADB Vol. I.
ditto ditto, Junior. 24.3.69, 11.1.71, 13.2.81, 20.3.81, 10.10.84, 31.7.85, 20.3.87, 141, 157, 316. SADB Vol. I |
| Goeree. 22.3.59, 15.4.88, 25.4.88, 5.6.99, 111, 114, 115 |
| Goes. 53 (and see Der ~, Wapen van ter ~) |
| Gogosoa (Hottentot, Chief of Goringhaiquas, ‘the Fat Captain’) see s.v. Hottentots, Caepmans*. (SADB) |
| Gonnema (Ngonnomoa, Hottentot, Chief of Cochoqua, ‘the Black Captain’). 23.11.55, 27.11.55, 8.11.62, 29.6.73, 12.7.73, 14.7.73, 25.7.73, 20.8.73, 20.3.76, 26.3.76, 1.11.76, 23.6.77, 30.7.77, 5.8.77, 22.2.88, 131 (‘Goamoa’), 174 (page 111, ‘Honnima’, at war with Dutch; page 135, only enemy of Dutch), 190. (SADB) |
| Goske, Isbrand. 17.8 to 2.9.65 (at Cape, Fort re-sited), 1.2 to 24.2.71 (at Cape), 25.3.71, 2.10.72 and passim, to 3.1.76, 155, 166 (page 15), 185, 479. (SADB) |
| Gouda (yacht). 1.4.70, 11.2.72, 24.2.72, 144, 160 (‘Wapen van der Gouw’) |
| Goude Leeuw (frigate, Danish prize). 17.1.88 |
| Goudesteyn. 6.6.83, 6.7.83, 9.3.86, 15.4.86, 30.3.88, 21.4.88, 30.4.88, 246, 247, 248, 336, 338, 339, 340, 342, 343, 351, 352 (often unnamed) |
| Goutvinck. 26.3.72, 30.5.72, 164, 166 |
| Goyland (flute). 9.4.72, 164 |
| Graaf, Nicolaus de, ‘Reisen na de vier Gedeeltens des Werelds...’, Hoorn 1701, etc. (also LV 1930), bound with his ‘Oost-Indische Spiegel’, 141, 164, 165, 182, 185, 207-210, 314, 315, 316, 400. Also BVR 153-155. |
| Grace Dieu (English). 19.3.99, 451 |
| Granary. 20.7.57, 15.12.59, 31.8.63, 14.6.69, 60, 76, 191, 214 |
| Grandmaison, ‘Ridder’ (13.3.86) see Cibois |
| Grantham, Caleb. 450, 451 |
| Grapes. 14, 70, 97, 138, 139, 161, 192, 199, 212, 236, 237, 299, 300, 302, 303, 306, 317, 372, 374, 376, 380, 429, 475, 481 |
| Grave (flute, Stadt ~, De Graaf). 3.5.76, 22.5.76, 185 |
| Gravesend. 221, 391, 399 |
| ‘Great Cabin’ see Cajuit |
| Greenland. 39, 400 |
| Green Point: some unnamed references indexed as ‘Mouille Point’ may be intended for ~. 367, 369, 413, 415, 417, 418, 422, 439, 442, 447, 452, 466, 472, 473 |
| Grevenbroek, J.G. de, in Schapera from MS.: draws heavily from Dapper. 284 |
| Grimmesteyn. 14.2.98, 17.2.98, 20.2.98, 13.3.98 |
| Grotebroek (flute, Grootenbroeck). 9.4.72, 21.10.73, 8.11.73, 164 |
| Grouse, ? Namaqua Sandgrouse, Pterocles namaqua; or Francolinus capensis. 331 |
| Guallioen (24.3.82) see Head |
| Guava. 199, 351 |
| Guedeville, N., ‘Atlas Historique ...’. Paris 1732, Vol. VI only |
| Guiana, Dutch. 91 (‘gunee’), 458 |
| Guilder: at the Cape money of account merely, coin rarely seen = 16 st. say 1s/4d. |
| Guldenwagen. 21.3.87, 20.5.87, 314 |
| Gull: most references too vague for identification. 132, 133 (Blue ~, Great Cape Shearwater, Adamastor cinereus), 240, 409, 483 (speckled ~ see Cape Dove) |
| ‘Gunnere’, used always in the sense of Master- ~ |
| Gunroom: right aft, below the top deck - in pictures showing the high square stern of the ‘Spiegelschip*’ (e.g. Plate 4) the top row of windows are those of the Cajuit*; the lower row are those of the Hut (Dutch) or Cuddy (English) where junior officers were berthed, ‘Wardroom’ being the nearest modern English equivalent; and below these can be seen the portholes of the ~, accommodating more junior officers such as Gunner, Boatswain, Carpenter. Plates 3, 4 |
| Gutter, Capt. 415, 417, 421 |
| Gyfford, Capt. William. 25.4.98 (‘Scheffer’), 425 (‘Jefford’), 440 |
|
| Hacke, M., ‘Collection of Original Voyages ...’, London 1699 |
| Hackius, Pieter. 18.3.70 and passim to 1.12.71, ? 123, 143, 155-157, 160. (SADB) |
| Haddock, Jos. 252, 253 |
| Haen (galliot, 14 men). 1.7.94 |
| Haes (yacht). 26.3.53, 8 |
| ‘Hagboat’: NED vague, one of 350 tons mentioned. 419 (Berkel, 145 men), 425 (Scarborough, 105 men), 440 (unidentified) |
| ‘Hagel, Jan’: = ‘Jack Tar’. 247 |
| Hague and Archives. 5.5.95, 32, 45, 48, 53, 55, 62, 75, 78, 110, 111, 114, 142, 143, 157, 160, 182, 187, 197, 211, 229, 231, 401, 411, 477 |
| Hakluyt, Richard, ‘Principal Navigations ...’, London 1589, etc. |
| Hallwell, John. 245, 246 |
| Hamburg. 28.12.99, 203, 226 |
| Hamilton, Capt. A., ‘New Account ...’, London 1744 |
| ‘Hammerfoort’, Dominee of. 405: see Kolbe (349 as ‘Amersfort’), who tells how the Revd. Pastor
|
| |
| |
| swindled the Hottentots out of the bread he had promised them. |
| Hammond, Capt. Henry. 452 |
| Handboog. 5.5.89, 27.5.94, 401 |
| ‘Handlanger’, literally ‘Helper’: infantryman detached for service with artillery, with extra pay. |
| Hanglip see False Cape: this is the correct form of the name, ‘like a lip hanging down over the chin’ (Kolbe 81), and is always used in Dutch times, the modern ‘Hangklip’ appearing to be an English corruption. |
| ‘Happevoye’ (= ‘Happefoie’, which however appears to be an entirely different bird). 250 |
| Harder, Liza ramada. 11, 26, 42 (described), 136, 192, 381 (exported pickled, unnamed), 398 (ditto) |
| Hare, Lepus capensis. 76, 123, 130, 137, 164, 166 (page 15), 213, 297, 351, 482. And see in Hottentots, Taboos |
| Harpins: the foremost parts of the gunwales which enclose the bow of a ship and are fastened to the stem. 439 |
| Harris, John, ‘Navigantium atque Itinerarium Bibliotheca ...’, London 1705 first edition, best text 1764. 71 |
| ‘Harse’, ‘open’: to lie to at least two anchors so placed that the cables cannot possibly cross. 466 |
| Hartsing, Willem Carel. 9.3.86, 302 (unnamed) |
| Harwich. 171, 174 |
| Harwich (English). 16.6.99, 2.7.99, 3.7.99, 453, 454, 455 |
| Hassenberg (flute). 15.4.69, 141 |
| Hastings (English). 16.6.99, 2.7.99, 3.7.99, 21.2.01, 453, 454, 455, 471 |
| Hawk, presumably Falco sp. but too vague for closer identification. 134, 483 |
| Hayes, Capt. 413, 415, 416 (‘Hawks’), 418 |
| ‘Head’; Dutch ‘gallion’, ‘guallioen’ (both from Portuguese or Spanish). From Capt. Smith: ‘The Beak-head is without the ship before the fore Castle ... fastened into the stem, all painted and carved as the sterne, and of great vse, as well for the grace and countenance of the ship, as a place for men to ease themselues in’ - the latter sense persists today. Graaf's ‘Oost-Indische Spiegel’ (35) has it as ‘Galioen’, also mentioning the cells there. 24.3.82 (‘Guallioen’), 248, 389, 391. Plate 4 best |
| Heath, Capt. 377, 378, 385 |
| Heathcocks (‘Auerhanen’), probably Black Korhaan, Afrotis (Eupodarus) afra. 164 |
| ‘Heave short’ = same as ‘Come apeak*’ |
| Hector 5.3.58, 19.3.58, 22.3.59, 1.4.59, 53 |
| Hedge. 2.8.59, 19.8.59, 27.9.59, 20.12.60. Also DR 13.5.61 (extension); Memorandum Overtwater 7.9.63 (now useless) |
| Heeck, Gijsbert, ‘Journael ofte Dagelijcxsz Aenteijkenning ...’. Hague Archives MS. Kol. Aanwinsten 1903, XV. 32-43 |
| Heins (Heinsius), Daniel. 13.2.99, 480 |
| Helder, Den (on the Texel channel). 178 |
| Helder (flute). 25.3.87, 25.5.87, 7.6.88, 29-30.6.88, 314 |
| ‘Hell’, forest thus called. 193 |
| Hellevoetsluis. 111, 311 |
| Helm: the ‘whipstaff’, long lever actuating the tiller, steering-wheels not coming into general use until well into the 1700's. From Capt. Smith: ‘is before the great Cabin [q.v.] where he that steereth the ship doth alwaies stand, before him is [the binnacle] ... The Whip-staffe is that peece of wood like a strong staff the Stearsman or Helmesman hath alwaies in his hand ... made fast to the Tiller with a Ring. The Tiller is a strong peece of wood made fast to the Rudder ... playeth in the Gunroome (q.v.] by the Whip-staffe; whereby the Rudder is so turned to and fro as the Helmesman pleaseth.’ |
| Hen (little flute, 50 men: cf. Haen). 1.7.99 |
| Hendrik Mauritz. 4.2.76 (unnamed), 18.3.76 (ditto), 14.5.79, 8.4.83, 1.6.83, 9.3.86, 15.4.86, 180 |
| Hengst, Sjt. 1.1.91, 19.1.91 |
| Heron, Ardea sp. (and see Crane). 134, 394, 483 |
| Herport, Albrecht. ‘Neue Ost-Indianische Reisebeschreibung ...’, Berne 1669. 54-57, 58, 106, 107, 132. Plates 9, 10 |
| Herry (Hottentot, real name Hadah - see BVR s.v. this). Taken to Batavia in 1629 or 1631 by an English Skipper and brought back the following year, and apparently called ‘Harry’ by the crew: then useful to English and Dutch callers for barter-arrangements, and as ‘Post-master’, taking charge of letters to Europe given him by outward-bound ships and handing them over to the first homeward-bound ship of that nationality. He acted as interpreter for van Riebeeck, at times regarded as invaluable, at times suspected and even imprisoned on Robben Island: see the following DR extracts. DR 3.1.54 ‘our former interpreter [had stolen cattle, and] we fear he causes much mischief with the Saldanhars’; 24. 1.55 ‘~ has very cleverly again got into our good favour’ [by getting cattle from inland]; 6.9.55 [with the first inland expedition, for barter]; 8.12.59 ‘~ escaped from Robben Island in our little skiff’; 5-6.4.60 [came to the Fort with Doman* and] ‘many of their people, the Caepmans, to treat for peace’; and again useful 5.5.60, 15.12.60, etc. Died 1663. (SADB) |
| Hesse, Elias, ‘Ost-Indianische Reisebeschreibung ...’, trs. de Vries, Utrecht 1694 from Dresden 1687 edition: also the 1687 text reprinted Hague 1931. Monotonously echoes Dapper on Hottentots. 48, 115, 138, 226-229, 246-251 |
| Heydt, Johan Wolfgang, ‘Schauplatz...’, Wilhermsdorff 1744: part on Cape trs. and ed. Raven-Hart, Cape Town 1967. |
| Hide, Capt. 412, 413, 415, 416, 419 |
| Hierro Island (Canaries: zero of longitude*). 278 |
| Hill, Charles. 450 |
| Hippopotamus, H. amphibius capensis. 20.3.76, 15 (seacows), 29, 57 (seacows), 109 (ditto), 119, 137, 148, 149 (sea-horses), 166 (page 12, at Salt River), 184 (seacows), 239 (ditto), 240 (ditto; and Plate), 290 (ditto), 409 (ditto), 459 (ditto), 482 (ditto). Plate 41 |
| Hirondelle (French). ? 26.1.91, ? 12.2.91, 374, 375 (unnamed), 376 (ditto) |
| ‘Hitland’ (Shetlands). 21.10.88 |
| Hobre (Hobree, flute). 9.4.88, 30.4.88, 338, 339, 340, 342, 351, 352 (often unnamed) |
| Hoefyser (hooker). 6.6.86, 25.6.86, 311 |
| ‘Hoeks en Cabeljauws’: two factions in Holland 14th/15th Centuries - cf. ‘at sixes and sevens’. 189 |
| Hoeties Point (Saldanha Bay). 8.7.69 (~ Bay). Plate 45 |
| Hoffman, Johann Christian, ‘Oost-Indianische Voyagie ...’, Cassel 1683. 116, 132, 160-164, 180 |
| Hof(f) van Breda (~ Breeda). 16.6.68, 6.3.71, 22.3.71, 7.3.72, 2.5.74, 3.6.74, 156, 164, 175 |
| Hof(f) van Ilpendam (cf. Ilpendam). 12.6.93 |
| Hof(f)van Zeelant. 2.3.53, 17.4.53, 62 |
| Hoge, Dr. J., ‘Personalia of the Germans at the Cape, 1652-1806’, Archives Yearbook 1946. |
| Holderland, Henrick see Oldenland |
| ‘Hollandia Nova’ usually = Australia |
| Hollandse Tuin (variously spelt). 5.5.74, 3.6.74, 12.4.79, 28.4.79, 1.6.79, 4.4.82, 6.4.82, 29.4.82, 167, 175, 211, 219, 220, 221, 236, 242 |
| |
| |
| ‘Home, to come’ (of anchor) = to drag, fail to hold fast. 467 |
| Hondius, Jodocus, ‘Klare Besgrijving...’, Amsterdam 1652 |
| Honey. 16, 166 (page 22, bartered), 286, 483, 486 |
| Honshol(s)redyck. 30.3.85, 11.4.88, 314, 338, 342 |
| Ho(o)gergeeste (yacht). 11.5.83, 5.6.92, 247 |
| Hooker (Dutch ‘Hoeker’: small vessel, 14 to 20 men usually). 9.6.65, 30.10.66 (50 men), 22.1.67, 2.4.69, 3.4.69, 17.4.69, 20.3.70, 24.3.70, 18.4.76, 28.11.84, 6.6.86 (but also as ‘flute’), 22.6.86 (ditto), 1.4.88, 27.5.94, 3.9.96, 27.10.96, 141, 170, 172, 185, 193, 236. Note that Nyptang is ‘Hoeker’, but (414) ‘Pink’ in English |
| Hoop (Danish). 17.1.88 |
| Hoorn. 5.3.71, 165, 208, 209 |
| Hoorn, Pieter van. 26.8.63, 9.9.63, 75-78, 167 |
| Horses (and see Cavalry). 16.11.54, 10.4.55, 25.2.65, 14.10.72, 19.2.73, 23.12.88, 28.3.02, 40 (2 from S. Helena, now 8), 62 (from Batavia), 63 (for cavalry), 76, 97, 108, 191-194, 208, 214, 234, 266, 270, 290, 304, 331, 381. Also DR 8.8.55 (‘we therefore require at least 6 or 8 more ~’, chiefly for hauling wood, ploughing), 10-12.6.55 (oxen not available and ~ less dangerous to handle), 15.7.55 (draught-oxen will not be a success, a few more ~ needed), 19.7.56 (‘had we only enough ~, our greatest and principal lack’), 17.2.60 (‘we have now received ~’), 8.8.60 (‘the ~ ... arouse especial awe among the natives’). See also Child, D., ‘The Saga of the South African Horse’, Cape Town 1967. |
| Horses, Wild: usually = Quaggas, but occasionally Zebras, q.v. |
Hospitals. First, built by van Riebeeck on shore. Mentioned in letter to Batavia, 14.4.53. 8.6.65, 76, 114, 139, 166 (page 15, on beach), 176 (200 sick), 226 almost certainly refer to this ~, which continued in use (see Plate 28) even after the building of the Second ~, even if only as overflow quarters, so that many of the references below, as also DR 24.10.99, may in reality refer to it. Also DR 3.9.61 (100 sick in one ship, tents used), 8.6.65 (mention of ‘the old ~’), 26.8.66 (more than 100 sick). See also Plate 17 as ‘Cable-store’.
Second, in outworks of first Fort. 28.6.63 (to be made), 6.9.64 (roofgirders in place), 18.8.65 (in use), 26.8.66, 30.4.76, 17.9.77, 27.9.81, 8.5.96, 9.11.96, 110, 112, 188, 258, 363, 368, 401, 409. Also Frisius Report 1661 (held 25-30 only). Plates 17, 18
Third, cruciform, opposite Church. 24.10.99, 460, 461 (‘more than royal’), 480 (‘properly provided’); but Thunberg I 243, himself a doctor, Stavorinus I 551, Forster 61, 152, all criticise the unskilled surgeons, poor supply of medicines, and ill-treatment of patients. |
| ‘Hotnotsvyg’. Carprobrotus edulis (formerly Mesembryanthemum edule). See s.v. Roots |
|
| hottentots (and see ‘Apron’, Cicatrisation, Roots, Testicles) |
| Abandonment of old and sick. 113. See also Terry, Herbert in BVR, and Grevenbroek 257, Kolbe 544, 5, Sparrman I 358, etc.; but Mentzel III 291, 325 says no longer true. |
| Age. 148, 174 (page 133 ‘premature old age’, ‘disputed whether ever more than 100’), 491. Dapper's ‘more than 120’ is ridiculed by most later writers. |
| Agility. 19, 35, 56, 63, 68, 83, 113 (never walk if they can run), 118, 124, 146, 162, 166, 205, 217, 234, 239, 264, 286, 289, 319, 351, 395, 404, 433, 483. See also many references in BVR index. |
| Amulet. 118, 125, 126 (three contradictory statements: Bövingh 11, Kolbe 476, Brink 18, Philips 264 confirm the third of them.) Bövingh gives the name as ‘Soje’, Brink as ‘Suza’: see Nienaber 461, 2. See also the necklace of magical roots 485, probably from Dapper 646. |
| ‘Amusement’ 128, echoed word for word by 351, and undoubtedly the source of 174 (page 141), which however adds that it was ‘in honour of the sun’. Was it something like the ‘Ducks and Drakes’ game of children today? |
| Armlets. Most references are to copper, less frequently to iron, leather, guts, etc.: 9, 17, 35, 56, 83, 84, 103, 113, 126, 127, 128, 146, 147, 162, 166 (pages 19, 20, 22), 174 (page 119), 184, 202, 218, 232, 237, 239, 241, 264, 287, 388; also most of the references in BVR. Ivory ~ are more rarely described, often as worn above the elbows only: 17, 35, 126, 128, 166 (pages 19, 20), 174 (pages 117, 119), 202, 237, 287, 435, 485; also as in the BVR index. They are also in most later writers: e.g., Brink 19, Mentzel III 265, Philips 264. See also Plates 1, 35, 54, etc. |
| Assegais. 28.8.70, 17, 21, 35, 56, 71, 113, 122, 123, 124, 127, 129, 146, 166 (page 20, ‘javelin’, 21), 174 (page 131 ‘javelins’, 147 ‘spears’), 203, 204, 205, 219, ? 234, 239, 241, 286, 291, 297, 319, 320, 349, 350, 405, 436, 483, 486. Some earlier writers (BVR 3, 10, 11) speak like Bolling 146 of fire-hardened wooden points instead of the usually-assumed iron ones: for specific references to these latter see s.v. Hottentots, Iron-working. Plates 35, 40, 53, etc. |
| Attaqua. 31.3.90. Also DR 3.11.68 (contacted at Mossel Bay), and Valentyn X 89 (met by 1702 raiding-expdition), letter to Holland 1.4.1703 (ditto), Kolbe 391, 475, 477, 481, 486 (mislocated and vaguely described) |
|
| Beards. 19, 174 (page 149, shave with ‘razors’), 203 (ditto with flints), 433, 485 (pluck out). Several stress the scanty growth, as in BVR 83, 140 and later writers. |
| Births. 128 (short child-bed), 166 (page 20, easy, no child-bed), 174 (page 129, feast for ~, 147 herb used in difficult ~, usually ‘not long’ child-bed, 153, navel-cord tied, not cut), 406 (short child-bed). Herbert (BVR 120) also has the usually easy ~, as in various later writers, e.g., Mentzel III 277, Brink 31-34. |
| Bows and arrows. 28.8.70, 17, 35, 56, 112, 123 (poisoned arrows), 129, 166 (pages 20, 21), 174 (page 131, skill with ~, viper-poison), 205, 269, 286, 291, 319, 405, 483, 485. Also Plates 40, 42, 54. It is noticeable that there are very few early references to ~: BVR 48 for 1610; 60 ‘of little or no force’ for 1612; 83 for 1616; 101 ‘rather feeble’ for 1620. There is very little doubt that earlier references to ‘arrows’ in English translations are erroneous, the Portuguese ‘frechas’ and the Dutch ‘pijlen’ meaning both arrows and ‘darts’. See the note in BVR index s.v. ‘darts’; and in further confirmation note also 35 ‘Hasegaijen ofte worp-pijlen’, and similarly Aa's translation of ‘hand-darts’ in Davys as ‘handpijlen’. Grevenbroek (his 187) is the only other early writer to confirm the poisoning, though many later ones do so: e.g., Kolbe 532, Valentyn X 57, Philips 272, Sparrman I 198, de la Caille 261, Banks, 441. Note also that a number of references in reality probably refer to Bushmen (‘Sonquas’) and not to Hottentots, as definitely does 483: ~ were originally Bushmen weapons, later taken into use by the Hottentots, as in Maingard (S.A. Journal of Science, XXIX 711-723). Plates 1, 40, 54 |
| |
| |
| Briqua. 240 (‘Brukwas’). Also Dapper 9 as ‘Brygoudys’, Mentzel III 314 as ‘Birinas’, Barrow I 350, and in various accounts of expeditions* in 1661, 1682, 1689, etc. |
| Buchu, apparently Barosma crenulata or B. betulina. 56, 125 (‘Pucbu, called by us Wasser-Eppig’, which can be read as Water-Celery, Duckweed, Ranunculus, none of which however seem to resemble Barosma), 166 (page 21, used by women), 174 (page 115, burnt [sic] herb used on hair, ‘Bouchou’). For the name see Nienaber 222, 223, who however misquotes Schreyer's ‘Pucbu’ as ‘Puchu’ (incidentally a far more probable spelling, suggesting a misprint in Schreyer). The only earlier reference is in Flacourt (BVR 175), unnamed and vaguely described. Later writers frequently have it, with various spellings: e.g., Dapper 645, Kolbe 254, 570ff, etc., Grevenbroek 203, 245, 263, Bövingh 10, Buttner 121, Thomas 333, Philips 266, 285, 291, Allamand and Klocker 113, 120, Brink 21, 32, 35 (as ‘Bachu’, a variant not in Nienaber), Paterson 115, Le Vaillant (1790) 222, Thunberg I 170, II 6, 82, 187, Sparrman I 145, 184, Jong I 192, Percival 86, and others. (Incidentally, it is still grown commercially, and used in some patent medicines.) |
| Burials, 131, 148 (valueless), 174 (page 127, fetal position, three-day mourning), 310, 463, 491. The consensus of opinion is that the corpse was buried in its cloak, as in Kolbe 477, 544, 578 and Plate, Bövingh 20, Maxwell 52, Philips 263, Barchewitz 72, Allamand and Klockner 117ff, Brink 19, Schomburg 362ff, Mentzel III 323-325, Le Vaillant (1790) 283; although 148, 310, 491, Dapper 650, Valentyn X 10, Hesse 189 have ‘naked’, and Sparrman I 357 hedges. The ‘sitting’ of 310, 491 probably refers to the fetal position, as also in Dapper 650, Grevenbroek 261, Valentyn X 110 (‘bent up’), Kolbe 578, Philips 293, Schomburg 362, Mentzel III 323-325, Allamand and Klockner 117, Le Vaillant (1790) 283 (‘folded’), Picard 117. |
| Bushmen see Obiqua, Sonqua. |
| Butchery. 129, 142 (‘strangled’, ridiculously), 346. Also described in Kolbe 429, Valentyn X 509, 510 and Plates, Sparrman II 259, 260, Philips 269, 290, Barrow 245 (Bushmen). Note also DR 5.10.55, Muller's Report (see DR 6.9.55) ‘a way none of us had ever seen before’. |
| Butter. 130, 166 (page 21, made in leather bag or reversed sheepskin), 174 (129, in bird [sic] skin, used for smearing only), 240, 297, 350. Almost all give the ‘churning’ in a skin, as also do Kolbe 468, 469, Grevenbroek 187, Barchewitz 70, Salmon 62, Banks 442 and others. Several agree with 174 that it was not eaten, but used for smearing or sold to the colonists, e.g., Kolbe 468, 469, Mentzel III 292, Thunberg I 198. |
|
| Caepmans (Goringhaiqua), 5.4.60, 5-6.6.60, 21 (error). Also DR 31.10.57 mentioned (but 15.11.57 extended to include incorrectly the Watermen, Gorachouqua, Charigrina), 29.10.58 (enemies of Cochoqua), 3.2.59 (‘Kaapmans’, Gogosoa Chief). Also Dapper 7, 9, 11, 13, 21, Kolbe 378, Valentyn X 103, 126, 127, and others. |
| Cameson (tribe). DR 26.1.86 (one brought by 1685 expedition), 300 (‘Namaqua’ in error) |
| Cannibalism. 35 (hearsay), 142 (admitted by them, sic), 166 (page 21, defeated enemies, eaten, 22 Saldanians), 183, 184(yes). This accusation is also in most early writers (BVR index), but not in Beaulieu or the reliable Remonstrantie. Valentyn regrettably has it, X 105, but all later writers deny or ignore it. |
| Caps. 16, 126, 147, 162, 166 (page 20, women, pointed, fur), 174 (page 117, both sexes in rain, pointed, earflaps), 218, 388, 433 (never), 484, 485. Most writers call them universal in women, rare in men: earlier writers (BVR index) are usually vague, with ‘some use’, etc. Kolbe 477-480 has a good Plate, and see Plates 35, 52, 53, 65. |
| Captains. 118 (rule not absolute), 131, 147, 163, 174 (pages 135, 143 ‘their officers they call ~’), 184, 218, 260, 269, 286, 287, 289, 321, 405, 437, 487. Plate 22 has the staff of office. |
| Cattle (references to barter, seizure of ~ passim, omitted: passim also in BVR. See also ‘Cattle’ above, in the body of this index). In the following the o indicate references to pack-oxen, for which see also BVR 7, 30, Dapper 648, Kolbe 470 and Plate, and many later writers. 8, 11, 19, 35, 113, 118o, 119, 124, 128o, 129o, 131, 162, 163o, 174 (page 119o, kept in centre of kraal, 137, white thought lucky, never bartered, 141, ditto), 203, 217, 240, 286, 297, 300o, 343, 350, 384, 405, 486. Also DR 29-30.9.60 (Riddeno, as BVR page 7). Schreyer's vague reference to the use of cattle in war, 124 (with which cf. his 119, in lionhunting) is supplemented by BVR 10, Kolbe 393, 470, 556 and Plate, Barchewitz 69, Buttner 70, Philips 273. For Schreyer's ‘Tibbesas’ see Nienaber 412, 413: there are similar statements in Ten Rhyme (174 above), Kolbe 488, Valentyn X 107 obviously following Schreyer. Two entries, 213 and 430, mention humped cattle, for which see also Hondius 23 and BVR 19, 20, 119, 152: their existence has been queried by some modern editors, but there seems to be no reason to doubt the effects of zebu cross-breeding, especially in early days. |
| Cattle not killed when fit. 17, 19, 35, 113, 119, 162, 166 (page 20), 297, 343, 432, 485. Also BVR 101 and Dapper 647, Kolbe 488, Valentyn X 104, Buttner 96, St. Pierre 70, Barrow 155, and others. |
| Chainouqua (and see Claas, Koopman). 23.7.60, 21.11.62, 3.3.88 (‘Sousequas’ from name of Chief), 14.3.88 (ditto), 21.10.88 (ditto), 23.10.88 (ditto), 21, 174 (page 111, ‘Sousvas’, ditto), 290 (‘Sousequas’, ditto), 483, 484. Also DR 31.10.57 (mentioned), 14.11.57 (Chief at Fort), 15.11.57 (live beyond Berg R.), 22.8.60 (‘extraordinarily rich in cattle’), 21.9.60 (return of expedition from ~, very friendly), 29-30.9.60 (Chief Soesao at Fort until 11.10). And ? DR 3.2.59 as ‘Khonaiqua’. Also Dapper 9, 27, etc. Shown on Plate 39 as ‘Sousiquas’. |
| Chancumqua (? = preceding). Mentioned in DR 31.10.57 |
| Charigrina (Charingurina, Charigriqua, etc.) Referred to in DR 29.10.57 (some at Fort), 31.10.57, 7.11.57, 15.11.57 (‘which last year attacked the crew of our Robbejacht at Saldanha Bay’), 3.2.59 (met by expedition, ‘Little ~ or Hosonas’, and ‘Great ~’. |
| Children. 17, 19, 84, 123, 124, 125, 127, 147, 162, 166 (page 20, on mother's back in skin), 174 (page 147, not swaddled, must shoot accurately before given meals, 218, 238, 239, 241, 347, 406, 436, 484. Nearly all refer to their being carried on mothers' backs, as also BVR 83, 120, Kolbe 462 and Plate, Valentyn X 106, Buttner 127, 128, Brink 35, Mentzel III 280, Sparrman I 188, Le Vaillant (1790) 258, Philips 283, Thunberg I 194. Schreyer's 125 ‘seldom more than four’ and Meister's echo 347 contradict and are probably more accurate than Tappen 239. See also Plates 40, 44, 47, 52, 65, etc. |
| Chobanas. Mentioned in DR 31.10.57 as ‘very far inland, rich in gold’. Also Dapper 9, 29 (‘Kobonas’),
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| Valentyn X 103 (ditto), Mentzel III 312. Actually Hottentot word for ‘Bantu’. |
| Chorachouqua see Gorachouqua |
| Chouriquas 21 as ‘Caepmans’, probably in error |
| Cloaks. 8, 16, 35, 52, 63, 67, 83, 84, 103, 109, 113, 119, 126, 146, 162, 166 (page 19 men lion-, tiger-skins, 20 women deer-skins), 174 (page 117 oxen, sheep, sometimes panther, goat [sic], page 131 as shield, page 135 Chief's finer ~), 183, 202, 203, 217, 218, 233, 237 238, 241, 264, 286, 291, 297, 300, 308, 309, 319, 330, 331, 347, 350, 383, 387, 395, 404, 433, 462, 475, 484. Also passim in BVR and later writers, and shown in various Plates. Almost always sheepskin: ‘seal’ in Nieuhoff 16 and in two early writers (BVR 59, 140) are probably the source of Dapper's error, his page 47, and those of 35, 52, 83 who drew on one or another of these sources. |
| Cochoquas (Saldanhars, Sultanimen, etc., and see Oedasoa, Kees, Gonnema). 23.11.55 (unnamed), 22.2.88 (ditto), 21, 22, 166 (page 22, enemies of southern tribes, shields of ivory ‘on breasts and arms’), 174 (page 111 as ‘Honnimas’ from Chief Gonnema), 190, 349, 483, 484. Also DR 29.10.57 (~), 28.11.57 (‘the most powerful of the real Saldanhars’) Also Dapper 23, 59, 640, Kolbe 377, etc., Valentyn X 92-95, 134, and other writers. |
| Colour. Mentioned in practically all descriptions, most insisting that the black ~ was due to greasing (plus of course sun-tan), many asserting that the natural colour at birth was brown, or yellowish, or even white. DR 18-20.5.54 baby as light of ~ as a ‘little brown Jewess’. |
| Cookery. 8, 17, 84, 129, 130, 162, 174 (page 147, cook in pots with fat, roast under hot ashes), 346, 347, 384. There is one earlier reference, BVR 88, to boiling. 8, 84 entirely denying that any ~ was done are obviously wrong, as also Dapper 648 from 8 and Hesse 188 from him. 174, 346, 347 are almost certainly thefts from Schreyer, but Kolbe 456, Brink 16, Salmon 81 confirm, apparently at first hand, his very interesting ‘earth-oven’ method, which in the South Seas today gives results that (crede experto) could make any cordon-bleu jealous. Other later writers also mention ~, e.g., Mentzel III 317, Funnell 191, Guedeville 72, Schmidt 252, Philips 267, 270, Le Vaillant (1790) 272, Thunberg II 42, 43, 190, 191. |
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| Dagga. 27.9.60, 126 (‘Tagga’, chewed), 174 (page 153, ‘Dacha’, chewed, makes drunk), 484 (grown by ‘Heuzaguas’) as in DR 27.9.60 above and Dapper 635. Also DR 21.6.58, ‘the Hancumqua ... grow daccha’, this being the first mention in Dutch. For the word see Nienaber's list, 241-243, which however omits these early spellings. The early references are to the indigenous ‘Wild ~’, Leonotis leonurus, chewed (the idea of smoking anything came in with the Dutch) which is very mildly intoxicating: the later ones to Cannabis sativa, introduced for barter, and smoked alone or with tobacco as (illegally) today, e.g. Valentyn X 705 ‘Dacha, which is hemp’, Buttner 73 ‘Tagga or dried hempseed’, Kolbe 263 (mentioning also ‘wild ~’, 396) and many later writers including Banks 440, Thunberg II 191, Barrow 18, 170. |
| Dances. 10-11.3.61, 17, 20, 35, 56, 63, 84, 103, 123, 127o, 163o, 166 (page 20, full moon, until dawn), 174 (page 139o, moonrise, men stamp, sing, women sit, clap, sing), 183, 205, 218, 219o, 234o, 238, 239, 240, 289-291o, 297, 300, 304, 310, 319o, 349o, 351, 384, 385, 394, 405, 406, 423, 433, 437, 463, 487. The items marked o give descriptions, as also Kolbe 410, 411, 530 and Plate, Buttner 68, 69, Mentzel III 303, 4, Brink 30, and most of the later writers. Plate 65 |
| Darts. 17 (‘assegais or javelins or darts’), 35 (‘Hasegaijen ofte worp-pijlen’), 184 (‘short ~’): see Bows and Arrows above. Note also that these references and those to ~ in the BVR index do not always indicate short weapons: often they were the long assegais, although Philips 272 uses ~ for the Rakum. |
| Dogs, Tame. 119. Also mentioned in the earliest accounts, BVR 3, 18 and Hondius 24; and by later writers, e.g., Salmon 65, Percival 90, 91. |
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| Ear-ornaments. 17, 35, 56, 125, 146, 166 (page 19, men, pipes, etc., lobes distorted, page 20, women also), 174 (page 115, stick, pipes, beads, lobe-distortion), 202, 218, 237, 292, 395, 404, 433, 485. Most references are to the women, but many either specifically include the men or leave it vague, as also in Kolbe 485, Grevenbroek 253, etc. The ear-lobe distortion of 125, 166, 174, 202, 237, 452 is also in Herbert, BVR 119, but has been found in no writer after 1700, which suggests that the custom may have died out. See Plates 35, 40, 54, etc. |
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| Face-painting. 84, 127, 166 (page 21, grease plus red stone), 174 (page 113, various colours), 218 (stolen from 84, as also in Spaan 304), 241, 349. Also BVR 20, 175, Kolbe 228, 411, 452, 486, Valentyn X 103, Lockyer 303, Philips 266, 279, Brink 21, Sparrman II 50. |
| Finger-mutilation. The most usually quoted usage is by women on re-marriage, 84 (hearsay), 174 (page 145), 289, 395, 491 (although on 395 said to be voluntary only and not universal). It is also in Kolbe 572, Valentyn X 110, Hesse 187, Philips 281, Mentzel III 299, Schomburg 359, Thunberg II 193, Pagès (1797) 153, and others. Some writers have it at the first marriage, BVR 175, 20, 147, 163, 166 (page 20, eaten by husband), 206, 218, 310, 434, 435, Grevenbroek 199; and presumably in these cases it was repeated at remarriage, although this is stated by 163, 310 only, and denied by 434, 435. For the use in mourning see 131 (all nearest relatives), 238 (wife at death of husband), 321 (ditto, and widower at death of wife, but both voluntary), also Dapper 650, Hesse 189, Valentyn 110; but Kolbe 571, 572 considers it improbable. For the obligation of ~ on female heirs as 491 see Dapper 650, Hesse 187, Valentyn X 110; but note the denials of female inheritance* s.v. that word. Other instances of ~ are also reported, especially in the case of children whose immediately-preceding siblings have died: Dapper 650 (and see Schapera 63), his ‘echoes’ Hesse 189 and Grevenbroek 201, and Bövingh 13, 14; but doubted by Kolbe 570. |
| Fishing. Some writers deny any knowledge of this entirely, 34, 84, 217, Hondius 29, 30; but many mention the spearing of rays in shallow water, 16 (probably, 166 (page 20, ditto), 409, and Kolbe 537, Philips 273. Killing of leaping fish in the air by thrown rakum or assegai is in 71, 436, BVR 60, 181, Bövingh 12; catching by hand in rock-pools or clefts is in Kolbe 537, Mentzel III 318, Philips 278; angling in Kolbe 198, 538, Philips 278 and his Plate 60; and the improbable use of nets in BVR 112, Philips 278. There are also vague references, 320, 486, Dapper 648, Hesse 188, Brink 15, Pagès (1797) 144, etc. With the odd statement in 174 (page 149) that ‘flute-music’ helps to attract the fish may be compared Kolbe's shouting or whistling, 537, 538. |
| Flywhisks. 17, 126, 162, 166 (page 20, fox-tail), 485: all refer to the tails of animals, as also do most in BVR,
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| Hondius 31, Grevenbroek 253, Valentyn X 104, Buttner 120, Sparrman II 36, Thunberg I 193, II 180, Pagès (1797) 144. 17, Dapper 647, Hesse 186, Guedeville 68 also have them but with ostrich-feathers as an alternative: these latter are in BVR 45, 48, Schomburg 322. For the Hottentot name see Nienaber 401, 402: ‘Sau’ in 126; ‘Zou’ in Dapper 647, Hesse 186, 485; ‘Sauw’ in Buttner 120, ‘Schjoek’ (not in Nienaber's list) is in Brink 20, ‘Schjou’ in Kolbe 478 (which Mentzel III 302 incorrectly says is not a Hottentot word), ‘Schjoe’ in Valentyn X 107. Bövingh 12 echoes Schreyer word for word in the name and description, as is not infrequent. See also Plates 1, 35, 40, 54, 65, and note the caption to the ridiculous Plate 61. |
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| Gorachouqua (‘Tobacco-thieves’) 12-13.3.57, 5.5.60, 21, 483. Also DR 19.10.57 (met by expedition), 29.10.57 (at Fort for first time), 29.10.58 (enemies of Cochoqua), 5.2.59 (in list); and Dapper 7, II Valentyn X 126, 127, etc. |
| Goringhaicona see Watermen |
| Goringhaiqua see Caepmans |
| Gouriqua. 21 (‘Chouriguas’ identified as ‘Caepmans’, but the description better fits the Watermen), ? 22 (‘Krijegoekwa’ as real name of the ‘Saldanhars’, but these were the Cochoqua for the most part), 290. Probably alternative spelling of Griqua, q.v. Also Valentyn X 89, 103 as ‘Gauris’, Kolbe 379, 396 (to East beyond Sonderende R.). Plate 39 |
| Griqua ? 22 (‘Krijegoekwa’), ? 131 (‘Chouri Keriquas’), 174 (page 111, ‘Gregoriguas’, neighbours of ‘Sousoas’), 483, 484 (‘Kariguriquas or Hosoas’, apparently in error: ‘Great’ and ‘Little’ mentioned). Also mentioned 31.10.57, 15.11.57 (? as ‘Charigruquas’). Division into ‘Great ~’ and ‘Little ~’ also Dapper 9, 25, 27, 59, Valentyn X 63, 93-99, 103, 107 and van Riebeeck's 1662 memoir. ~ also Kolbe 387, 8, Pagès (1797) 142, Schomburg 372 and Plate (as ‘Grigriquas’). |
| Guts, etc., eaten nearly raw. Passim in BVR and present volume. |
| Guts worn on neck (in reality the ‘caul’ or omentum of ceremonially sacrificed sheep). 17, 83, 84, 125, 146, 147, 163, 174 (page 145, sick child, worn until rotten, then eaten by old men), 218, 349, 390, 406, 435, 487. Also BVR passim, with no reasons given except by Roe (BVR 77), with which compare 174, Kolbe 438, Grevenbroek 207, 245. Schreyer's use at boy's adulthood, 125, is also in Thunberg II 427. The use as engagement or bridal gifts by girl to boy 163, 218, 487 are echoes of Dapper 649, as also are Hesse 187, Valentyn X 109: the reverse, as given by boy to girl 349, 426 is also in Guedeville 68. For the use in mourning, especially by the heir, see Kolbe 580, Barchewitz 73, Philips 295, Schomburg 367, Mentzel III 325, Picard 118. |
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| Hair. Described passim and in BVR. For the partial shaving see BVR 119, 112, 16, 131 (in mourning), 174 (page 115, in patterns, page 119, ditto, ‘as we do poodles’, page 149 with ‘razors’), 202 (with flintknives), 292 (Namaqua wives fully shaven); also Dapper 646, Grevenbroek 245 (convalescents), Kolbe 573 (mourning, headache), Valentyn X 88 (mourning). |
| Hair-ornaments. 16, 35, 56, 84, 125, 126, 146, 166 (page 19, small white shells, 21 ditto), 174 (page 119), 183, 234, 237, 287, 320, 330, 331, 383, 388, 395, 404, 433, 435, 485. Nearly all have ‘seashells’, as also Dapper 646 (mistranslated as ‘horns’ by Schapera 51), Grevenbroek 253, Valentyn X 104. See Plates 40, 44, 47, 53, 54, 60. |
| Hamcumqua (Hequon). 27.9.60, 22 (‘Heukum’, hearsay). Also Dapper 9, 41, Kolbe 398, 399, Thunberg II 16, etc. |
| Hessequa (Hesaqua, Heuzaqua, etc.) 27.9.60, 21.11.62, 10.12.76, 21.10.88, 174 (page 109, tall men, large tribe, barter once yearly at Fort, page 139, living at Mossel Bay, page 143, ~ alone have a king, page 145, strict laws of inheritance), 240, ? 290 (‘Ilassiquas’), 483, 484 (‘Heuzaquas’, grow Dacha). Also Dapper 9, 39, 41, 59, Kolbe 81, 291, 393, 394, Valentyn X 89, 103, Mentzel III 329, and others. Plate 39 as ‘Gassiquas’. |
| Houteniqua. 31.3.90. Also Kolbe 397, etc. |
| Hunting. 34, 71, 119 (lion with cattle, also hand to hand), 122 (elephant in parties, rhinoceros and hippopotamus in pitfalls, elands, deer, steenbok), 123 (hares, wild-cats, partridges, pheasants snared), 166 (page 20), 239 (elephant), 240 (birds when flying), 286 (Sonqua especially), 320 (lion in parties, also hand to hand), 351, 485, 486 (seals). Also BVR 123, 165, Kolbe 460, 473, 534, 535, 536 and Plates, Buttner 102, 103, 104, 138ff, Philips 274, 275, 276, Brink 15, Paterson 65, Thunberg 79, 189, 196, etc. Plate 65 |
| Huts. 8, 34, 84, 129, 142, 163, 166 (page 21, branches and turf [sic]), 174 (page 119, gladiolus leaves and stalks, arched porches [sic]), 183, 192, 203, 218, 234, 238, 259, 264, 286, 289, 309, 320, 330, 331, 383, 384 395, 405, 434, 463, 486. Also passim in BVR and practically all later writers. The fullest descriptions are in 129, Kolbe 500 and Plate (contradicting 289 ‘four or five families’ and 218 ‘straw’), Bövingh 16, Brink 10-12, Mentzel III 294, 295, Sparrman I 195, 196, 197. Comparisons are to stacks of hop-poles 234, bake-ovens BVR 77, Hondius 31, 34, 203, 218, Buttner 97, Cnoll 64, Ziegenbalgh 11, Pagès (1797) 147, 148; haycocks, 383, 405, Guedeville 73, Philips 266; beehives BVR 66, 72, 395, Funnell 291, Percival 90; and ‘the huts of the wild Irish’ 309. The best Plate here is 65. |
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| Ilassiquas (? Hessequa). 290 |
| Illunhwa. 23, but not in 1661 journal nor identifiable |
| Infanticide. Baby buried with dead mother 128, 148, 166 (page 20, but text suggests bastards only), Grevenbroek 183, Valentyn X 110, 158; but by the time of Mentzel III 279 and Sparrman I 359 the child often exposed to be taken in by colonists - not entirely from altruism since it then had to serve them unpaid until 25 years old, Thunberg II 159, 184. See also DR 24.1.69, baby thus rescued by Cape ladies. ¶ One of twins 128, 174 (page 143, female), 183, Grevenbroek 181 (but not inland), Kolbe 445, 446, 447, 544 and Plate (but not if both male), Valentyn X 110, Bövingh 24 (sometimes), Maxwell 5, Philips 282, 283 (but not if both male), Brink 32 (ditto), Schomburg 361 (ditto), Mentzel III 278 (inland, not now at Cape), Thunberg II 195 (sometimes). ¶ In general 321 (if too many), 396 (ditto), Thunberg II 195 (cripples). |
| Inheritance. 131, 174 (page 145, ‘the law of ~ prevails’), 286, 487, 491. But to 491 note that Grevenbroek 263, Kolbe 563, Buttner 83, Mentzel III 326 insist that females could not inherit. Note also Guts on neck above as worn by heir. |
| Inqua. 22.12.88, 26.12.88. |
| Iron-working. 17, 128, 166 (page 21, ‘swords’ [sic]), 174 (page 149, needles, razors - both are improbable), 203, 219, 486. Self-made assegai-heads are also in Dapper 647, 648, Kolbe 515, 516 (and smelting), Barrow 161, Mentzel III 289, Banks 441, etc. Hence of course the enthusiasm for iron in barter in early days (BVR passim to page 47), which however fell off after 1610. See also DR 5.7.60 (‘to be wished it
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| could be kept out of their hands, since from it they make only ... weapons’). |
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| Kirri (and cf. Rakum). 119, 123, 126, 131, 166 (page 21, ‘clubs’), 174 (page 135, ‘club’, page 154, ‘kini’), 205, 219, 239, 240, 241, 287, 303, 347, 350, 405, 409, 485. Also Hondius 31, Grevenbroek 139, Kolbe 477, 478, 526, Valentyn X 62, 109, Buttner 153, Philips 272 (as ‘Darts’), Brink 39, Sparrman II 9, Mentzel III 288 and Plate, Thunberg II 191. For the word see Nienaber 336, 337: it does not appear before Kolbe, only ‘clubs’, ‘sticks’, except for 126. There is occasional doubt whether ~ or Rakum is meant. Plates 35, 47, 65 |
| Knives. 126, 129, 148 (stone), 203 (ditto) |
| Kraals. 129, 163, 166 (page 21, circle of 200-300 huts, cattle in centre at night), 174 (page 115, Hottentot word for ‘hut’ [sic], page 119, circle, cattle in centre), 346 (= ‘hut’ [sic]), 350. Well described in Kolbe 470 and Plate, with criticisms of other descriptions, Mentzel III 295, Sparrman I 197. Plate 65 |
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| Language: the sign o indicates that words are given. 25.6.77o, 8, 16, 19, 34o, 52, 63o, 67, 83, 109o, 113, 118o, 119o, 125o, 126o, 127o, 130,147o, 161, 166 (page 21, like crackle of hens), 174 (pages 115o ‘bouchu’, 117o ‘karos’, 121o ‘sirigoos’ = tortoises, 135o ‘boubaes tabak’ = Virginian, 137o ‘kortom’ = bonus in barter, ‘etom schaap’ = prime wether, 153o ‘dacha’, unlearnable but they learn Dutch, borrowed words end in -kom, 155o long list of words and numerals, and see Schapera's notes, 157o ditto), 218, 219o, 233o, 234, 237o, 238o, 242, 259, 264, 297, 343, 346o, 350o, 388, 404o, 405, 463, 475, 485o. Also passim in BVR, with words given on pages 38, 111, 120, 123, 174; and in most later writers. The stock simile is ‘like turkeys’, first found in BVR 19. Several writers (of all periods) assert that the language cannot be learnt, which is of course ridiculous; as is also the statement that they could not learn
other languages, contradicted, by, e.g., 71, Peyton (BVR 72, 75), the ‘Remonstrantie’ (BVR 178), and Kolbe who says, 358, that ‘Pegu’, the lad taken by van Reede to the East Indies in 1685, spoke Dutch, Portuguese, Malay, Sinhalese, etc. |
| Legbands (women). 17, 20, 35o, 56, 63, 71, 103, 109, 113, 127o, 147, 162, 166, 174 (page 117o, dried reeds ‘which some think’ guts, others thongs), 183, 202, 218, 233, 238, 241, 264, 269, 287o, 309, 320o, 331, 383, 388o, 390, 395, 404, 435, 462, 485o. The entries markedo have the correct ‘thongs’, though with ‘guts’ as an alternative in the cases of 174, 287, 485, as also in Grevenbroek 195, Valentyn X 104, Bövingh 13. The ‘guts’ are in most early writers, unfortunately following Dapper 646, who was probably misled by Nieuhoff, 17: later and more accurate observers as a rule have ‘thongs’, Maxwell warning, 56, that ‘most strangers have mistaken them’ for guts. 20, Kolbe 481, Valentyn X 104, Bövingh 13, Brink 20, Thunberg II 77 add that unmarried girls have ~ of reeds. There is one earlier reference only, BVR 128. The suggestion that they were worn chiefly for the rhythmic rattle in dancing is in 17, 127, 218, 320, 485, Dapper 646, Hesse 186, Guedeville 68, Percival 89. Barrow writing in 1801 says, 105, that the ~ were now abandoned for beads, copper chains. They are on various Plates, e.g. 1, 9, 35, 44, 47, 52 (best), 60. |
| Lice. 113, 130, 131, 203, 238, 264, 269, 287, 320, 350, 383, 404, 486. Nearly all say they were eaten, as do Kolbe 495, 496, Valentyn X 104, Barchewitz 70, 71, Philips 267, Schwartze 36, Sparrman II 78, 79, Le Vaillant (1790) 255. Plate 65 |
| Magic. 22, 304, 485, 487. (And see Amulet). Also Dapper 653, 4, Kolbe 404, 405, 419, 434, 437-439, 524, 525 (contradicting Dapper), Maxwell 50 (none), Le Vaillant (1790) 393, Thunberg II 195, Percival 88. |
| Marksmanship. 17, 56, 71, 123, 146, 162, 174 (page 131, with assegais), 184, 205, 219, 234, 239, 319, 349, 436, 483, 485. The ~ with stones, assegais, and ‘sticks’ (Rakum) is also in earlier writers, BVR 37, 45, 60, 83, 181, and in many later ones, e.g., Kolbe 388, 478, 526, Valentyn X 62, 105, Maxwell 50, Bövingh 11, 12, Philips 272. Schomburg 121, Barrow 110 add ~ with firearms also. It will be noted that references to ~ with bows and arrows are comparatively rare: see under that heading. |
| Marriage (and see Finger-mutilation, Guts on Neck). 17, 20, 127, 147, 148 [sic], 163, 166 (page 20, man wounds his left breast and woman sucks blood, she cuts off finger-joint which he eats), 174 (page 129, feast, page 143, must get leave of Chief, page 145, get leave of parents who get leave of Chief, page 147, feast described), 218, 238, 240, 349, 350, 406, 438 (‘no ceremony’, [sic]), 487, 490. Also Dapper 649, Grevenbroek 201, Hesse 187, Kolbe 450-453, 456, 457 and Plate, Valentyn X 109, Buttner 105-110, Barchewitz 71, Guedeville 68, Philips 278-281, Pagès (1782) 24, (1797) 151, 152, Allamand and Klockner 112, 113, 114, Schomburg 355-359, Sparrman I 357, Picard 115, Thunberg II 192. But according to Barrow 114 in 1801 there were now no ceremonies. |
| Mats (also Cords, Ropes) from reeds. 34, 129, 163, 238, 289, 320, 331, 486. Also BVR 30, 72, 77, 133; and e.g., Dapper 648, Valentyn X 105. The weaving appears to have been somewhat crude, though there are references to mats and baskets so closely woven as to be watertight, the latter perhaps imported from inland tribes: Kolbe 499, 473 and Plate (queried by Mentzel III 298, 299), Brink 11, 12, Masson 294, Sparrman II 32 and Plate, Paterson 91, Le Vaillant (1790), 222, Thunberg I 204, 210, II 82, 83, 191, Stout 59, Barrow 12. Also DR 16.12.60 (Namaqua baskets for milk). |
| Medicine (and see Magic, Urine). 22, 68, 70, 174 (pages 149, 151, wounds beaten until numb, then scarified, sucked: thus also for poisoned bites. Bruises by fatsmearing, scarifying, sucking; similarly for rheumatism. Page 153 herbs kept secret; herbs for colic; dagga as ~), 287, 292, 310, 388, 436, 437, 491 (blood-letting, blistering). Practically all writers agree as to their lack of skill: Tavernier 68, 70 and Leguat 436, 437 are outstanding exceptions, although Percival 157 calls them ‘very skilful’ with sores and poisoned wounds. Note also DR 20.2.57 when the diarist was much impressed by the cure of a snakebite by scarifying, sucking and warm cow-dung. |
| Milk (and see Taboos). Entries marked o mention blowing for ~, 17, 35, 118, 128, 130o, 174 (page 129, cow- and ewe-milk drunk, no taboos mentioned), 240o, 269, 286, 289, 297, 310, 320, 350o, 485, 486o. Also Dapper 648, Grevenbroek 187o, Hesse 188, Kolbe 468o and Plateo, Valentyn X 105, 106o (hearsay), Maxwell 52, Schmidt 252, Philips 267, 280, 281, Schwartze 24o, Mentzel III 323, Barchewitz 71o, Brink 21, Schomburg 356, Sparrman II 312, Le Vaillant (1790) 273, 275o, Pagès (1797) 144. Mentzel III 291, Sparrman I 197, 239, II 32 and others say ~ never drunk fresh, denied by Kolbe 468. See also DR 21.11.52 (drunk from large leather bag by use of a small tuft or swab), 22.11.52 (children laid by mothers to suck ewe-teats, ‘seer soet en speculatiff om aensien’). Plates 53, 65. |
| Music. Reed-pipes (no generic Hottentot name found).
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| 10-11.3.61, 174 (page 149, ‘like flutes’), 289, 290, 291: also BVR 6, Kirby 135-142, Dapper 634, Grevenbroek 213, Valentyn X 71, 111, Paterson 87, Le Vaillant (1795) II 107 ¶ Drums (‘tkoi-tkoi’ or similar, Nienaber 477). 56, 127, 240, 349. Also Kirby 12-46, Dapper 653, Grevenbroek 213, Kolbe 528 and Plate, Valentyn X 105, Buttner 136, Salmon 127, Brink 28, Mentzel III 305, Sparrman I 229, Picard 118, Le Vaillant (1790) 289-292, Thunberg I 193 ¶ Quill-bow (‘gora’ or similar, Nienaber 277, 278, 286, 287). 127, 349. Also Kirby (171-192), Dapper 653, Kolbe 527 and Plate, Valentyn X 105, Buttner 147, Salmon 126, Picard 89, Sparrman I 228, Mentzel III 305, 306, 307, Le Vaillant (1790) 289-292, Thunberg II 78, Barrow 98, Percival 91, 92. |
|
| Namaqua. 10-11.3.61, 27.3.80, 21.10.80, 16.1.84, 29.11.84, 22.2.88, 5.3.88, 23, 126, 131, 174 (page 109, page 111, shields, ivory penis-covers), 215 (unnamed), 289, 290, 291, 300, 304 (unnamed), 463, 483. Also DR 31.10.57 (mentioned), 15.11.57 (powerful, copper), 17.5.68 (raid at Bakkeley Plaats). Plates 39, 40. |
| Name. 8o, 16, 34o, 52, 83, 103o, 118o, 161, 238o, 269o, 286o, 319o, 382o, 394o, 423o, 431o, 483. That this derived from a word used in dancing is almost certainly the correct explanation, as in the entries marked o above. Other writers, unmarked above, derive it from a Dutch word for clumsy speakers, probably (as Nienaber suggests, page 24) by a misreading of Dapper 626, who in reality meant that this South African word had been adopted in Holland with this meaning. A few writers, e.g., Kolbe 348, Hesse 184, Funnell 289, Philips 363, say that it was their own name for themselves, which is definitely incorrect - unless in the sense in which an Englishman in the Argentine might jokingly call himself a ‘Gringo’, a possibility supported by 483 above, Hondius 28, 29, Dapper 652, with phrases like ‘a name now used by them’. In earlier writers, BVR 101, 112, there are mentions of the dance-word, but without linking it to the name. |
| Necklaces (and see Guts). 17, 56, 84, 126, 127, 147, 166 (page 20, women, pearls), 174 (page 109, copper, page 119, beads), 218, 237, 238, 287, 320, 388, 485. Also BVR 18, 128; and see various Plates. |
|
| Obiqua (Ubiqua), sub-tribe of Sonqua (Bushmen). 26.3.76, 24.3.78, 30.11.84, 22.2.88, 290 (robbers). Shown on Plate 39. |
| Odiqua, allies of Chainouqua. 290. Shown on Plate 39. |
|
| Penis. 19, 204, 241, 406, 484: all refer to the large size, as also Valentyn X 103, Dapper 644 (contradicted by Schapera 45). |
| Penis-covers. 10-11.3.61, 8, 16, 56, 63, 68, 103, 109, 113, 126, 162, 166 (page 19, ‘loincloth’ [sic]), 174(page 111, Namaqua ivory [misdescribed], page 117, Chiefs otter- or badger-skin), 183, 202, 217, 233, 237, 241, 259, 269, 319, 331, 383, 388, 395, 404, 433, 484. There is evidence here for an interesting cultural change. Early writers mention the casual lack of concealment: e.g., BVR 19 ‘little covered’, 33 ‘as much as none at all’, 45 ‘little scrap’, 141 ‘hangeth loose over’, 56 ‘scrap of fur’, 68 ‘poor scrap of linen’ [sic], 126 ‘scrap of fur’, 237 [‘koros’ in error for ‘kulkaros’] ‘can be pushed aside’, 319 ‘covers little’, 395 ‘often fails to cover’, as also Dapper's 645 ‘tiny scrap’ of fur. (But it is curious that the very earliest reference, da Gama in BVR 3, 4 very definitely has ‘sheaths’, indicating complete concealment, although for St. Helena Bay, not the Cape.) Later, however, expressions appear such as ‘a piece of skin somewhat sewn together’, Kolbe 478, 479 and Plate; ‘a bag’ in Valentyn X 104, Heydt 345, Sparrman I 184, 185 although still described as giving ‘imperfect concealment’; and in this volume 433 even has ‘a case’; and for the transition 484 has ‘a bag or a scrap’, Buttner 59 writes of ‘a bag’ for the richer, but still ‘a
scrap’ of fur for the others, and Mentzel III 285 has ‘a pouch’ but also III 264 ‘little concealed or not at all’, the scrap of fur again. And finally, for sexual emphasis far removed from the casualness of early days, Pagès (1782) 23 has ‘a small bag, ornamented ... with little rings ... which make a sort of clicking as they walk’, Stavorinus I 548 has ‘a cylindrical case’, Barrow 103 ‘a kind of case ... one of the most immodest objects ... that could have been conceived’, Lockyer 300 ‘a Case 7 or 8 inches long ... a very immodest Figure’, Beekman (116 in Pinkerton XI) ‘a Case of proportionable Length which sticks out in a most unseemly manner.’ Plates 9, 35, 40, 47, 53, 54 and the ridiculous 61. The ivory penis-shields of the Namaqua are on 126, 174 (page 111 but misdescribed), also Dapper 635, etc., and Plates 40, 44. |
| Polygamy. 20, 125, 127, 166 (page 20, never), 174 (page 145, allowed, page 147, by richer only), 206 (no), 218, 286, 321, 350, 388, 395, 406, 435, 490. The consensus of opinion, here and in later writers, is that ~ was permissible but relatively rare. Polyandry is mentioned by Buttner 110, Thunberg II 42, 65, 193. |
| Pottery. 129, 174 (page 121, among richer Hottentots ‘beautiful’), 384. Also BVR 88. For the making see Schapera's footnote to 174, also Grevenbroek 253, Kolbe 463, 514 and Plate (echoed by Philips 267, 270), Buttner 82; and especially Mentzel III 296 including the beater-and-anvil technique, which ranges in time from pre-dynastic Egypt until today in Ceylon, and in place from Scandinavia to Indonesia (my paper in MAN, June 1962). Most accounts say that the pots were fired: Schreyer 129 may merely have omitted this, or it may have been a later development. |
| Punishments. 20.8.73, 19.4.85, 27.4.85, 20, 119, 147, 166 (page 20, death for adultery), 174 (page 145, death for murder only; adultery, theft lesser ~), 206, 218, 238, 260, 269, 286, 287, 321, 434, 437, 487, 490. There is much additional material, e.g., in Dapper 649ff, most of it echoed by Kolbe 454, 457, 551ff, Valentyn X 109, and other writers. |
|
| Rakum. 15, ? 234, 239, 240, 241, always as ‘sticks’, the name not appearing much before Kolbe 477, 478, 526, 534: it is probably not an original Hottentot word but a coinage like ‘tabakum’ and ‘horom’ (to hear), from Dutch ‘raken’ (to hit the mark), as suggested by Bövingh 11. |
| Religion. 20o, 21, 35o, 56o, 63 68, 84, 118, 125, 147o, 163o, 166o (page 20, sun, moon), 174o (page 139, slight knowledge of ~, fear of thunder, sun worshipped by cursing it, and by ‘Amusement*’, moon by dancing), 183o, 192, 205o, 218, 234, 241o, 264, 269o, 286o, 297, 310o, 321, 350, 384, 388, 394, 406, 407, 423, 433, 463, 475o, 487o. Except for the relatively few references marked o, which support or suggest worship of sun and moon, and/or consider the Dances* to be at least semi-religious, all writers here and in BVR deny the existence of any ~. Dapper 653 writes of a deity ‘Humma’, not prayed to, taken from 20 and echoed word for word by Hesse 181. Later writers also either entirely deny ~, or suggest a vague reverence for sun and moon: Kolbe 406ff, 414ff, 428ff, 436 is one of the very few definitely asserting the existence of ~, quoted and contradicted by
|
| |
| |
| Sparrman I 206, 207, 213 and Mentzel III 267, 301. For Schreyer's ‘Tsiqua’ in 118 see Nienaber 280-282, and cf. Grevenbroek 193, Bövingh 19, Kolbe 354, 408, Valentyn X 109, Schmidt 253. Sacrifices, as in 118, 269, 286, 487 have not been found elsewhere. |
|
| Saldanhars, Saldanhimen, etc., see Cochoqua: as ‘Krijegoekwa’ (?Griqua) in error 22 |
| Salt. 129 (unknown), 346 (disliked) |
| Sandals. 16, 38, 123, 126, 174 (page 117, sometimes, ox-hide), 202, 484, 485. Also in earlier writers (BVR index). Brink 20, Kolbe 479 and Plate, Sparrman 192ff and Plate have good descriptions. |
| Sea-shells. 16, 35, 56, 84, 126, 166 (page 121, cups), 183, 234, 237, 241, 292 (ears), 320 (cups), 330, 331, 383, 388, 395 (ears), 404, 433 (ears), 485. All except those noted give them as hair-ornaments. |
| Sewing (of cloaks, from three parts), 16, 126, 128, 162, 174 (page 149, needles iron or ivory, thread sinews), 237, 484: also Mundy, BVR 140, without details. Most agree as to the use of sinews for thread: Schreyer 126, 128 is the only writer to suggest the obviously practical porcupine-quills as needles, other, having grass, 237; thorns, 484, Dapper 645; bones 162, Kolbe 422, 506, Le Vaillant (1690) 267, Philips 270, and other writers. |
| Shamelessness. 35, 68, 85, 204, 259, 308, 309, 405, 406; and BVR 60, 122, 180. |
| Sheath worn on neck. 126, 174 (page 117, with arrowheads, tobacco), 237, 241, 319, 405. Also Dapper 646, Hesse 186, Grevenbroek 187, Kolbe 476 and Plate Buttner 122, Guedeville 68, Philips 264, Brink 48; and BVR 101. Plate 54. |
| Shields. 10-11.3.61, 124 (vague), 166 (page 22, Namaquas ivory~on breast and arms [sic]), 174(page 111, Namaqua ~). Confusion seems to have arisen over the Namaqua forehead-ornaments and actual defensive shields: the references in Kolbe 590, Valentyn X 90, Paterson 94, Le Vaillant (1796) 106, Barrow 154 all apply to ‘Kaffers towards the Terra de Natal’ as Kolbe has it, i.e., to Bantu. |
| Smearing. 6.3.54, 8, 16, 17, 19, 35, 52, 56, 63, 68, 84, 103, 109, 113, 125, 126, 146, 161, 166 (page 21, nailfurrows made in ~, greasiness = wealth), 174 (page 113, black grease, page 115, fat), 183, 202, 219, 234, 237, 240, 241, 259, 264, 269, 286, 287, 291, 292, 309, 319, 320, 330, 331, 343, 346, 347, 383, 388, 395, 404, 433, 463, 485. Also BVR passim as in the index. Few early writers suggest any practical reasons for ~: 18 and 68 consider it a preventative of ‘dropsy’ (elephantiasis), 109, 319, 320, 383, 395 as useful against sun and cold, as also Grevenbroek 263, Kolbe 370, Philips 263, Kindersiey 68, Brink 39, Mentzel III 283, Sparrman I 184, Thunberg II 161, Barrow 106, 167; or as increasing agility. ¶ The mention by various writers that they considered themselves ‘the blacker, the more beautiful’, and Leguat's 433 ‘They are not born very Tawny, but ... besmear themselves so ... that they become Black as Jet, upon which they lay themselves on their Backs expos'd to the Sun, that the Colour may better penetrate’ - these irresistibly suggest the fashionable beaches of today ¶ The equation of greasiness with wealth, 16, 126, 166, 343, 485 is also in Dapper 646, Kolbe 484, Valentyn X 104, Banks 441, Lockyer 300; and DR 31.10.58, the Cochoqua Chief ‘dripping with grease’. ¶ The scraping of patterns in the ~ with the long fingernails, 125, 166 is also in Herbert 122, Kolbe
passim, Buttner 61, etc., and it seems possible that faulty observation of this gave rise to some descriptions of Cicatrisation*, q.v. |
| Sonqua (Souqua, Soanqua, etc.). Bushmen, as also their sub-tribe Obiqua*: 8.11.60, 26.3.76, 6.5.78, 30.11.84, ? 143 (‘pigmies ... less than two feet tall’), 174 (page 111, their cattle taken by Dutch [sic], so now hunters, living in forests), 286o, 483o, 487. The entries marked o and in the following refer to their employment as soldiers by other tribes: Dapper 9, 31, 33, Kolbe 378, 395 (as serving other tribes though not as soldiers), 399, 499, 519, 554, 555, Valentyn X 57, 58, 61, 65, 66, 67, 83, 96, often o, Forster 76, Schomburg 372, Mentzel III 308, 309, 330, 333, 334, 335, Sparrman II 141-146 as ‘Chinese or Snese Hottentots’), Thunberg I 131, 132, 264, II 173, 174, 175, Barrow 228-249, 332, 334, 352, 353, 356, 357, Jong I 191-194, Percival 95 as ‘Bushmen also called Chinese Hottentots’. Plates 35?, 39. |
| Sousoas (Sousequas, etc.) see Chainouqua, from name of Chief. Plate 39 |
| Squat. 19, 84, 129, 237, 346, 438. Also BVR 17, 152, 175. |
| Stink. In practically all writers, and passim in BVR. |
| Strandlopers see Watermen |
|
| Taboos (regarding food: probably little observed by Watermen). 129, 130, 174 (page 125, women not beef, fresh milk, page 129, scaleless fish, rays, oysters, shellfish ~ to all), 351, 388. Beef ~ to women 129, 174, 351, Pagès (1797) 145. Hares ~ to men 130, 351, Grevenbroek 179, Kolbe 487, 555, Buttner 130, 131, Brink 18, Pagès (1797) 145; but Bövingh 26, Picard 114 ~ to all. Cow-milk ~ to women 174 (but denied by Brink 18), Kolbe 131 (but 469, 493 not ~ to anyone), Allamand and Klockner 102, Schomburg 350, Thunberg II 189 (and II 42 ~ to men if milked by women). Ewe-milk ~ to men 130, Grevenbroek 179, Salmon 63, Allamand and Klockner 102, Brink 18, Schomburg 350, Thunberg II 189; but Picard 114 ~ to all. Scaleless fish, shellfish, etc. 174, Kolbe 487, 538, Bövingh 26, Philips 278, Brink 17, Picard 114; but Pagès (1797) 145 ~ to men only. Pork ~ to all 388, Kolbe 487, Bövingh 26 (inland), Brink 17, Picard 114. |
| Thievishness. 83, 118, 147, 162, 174 (page 123), 287 (not), 321 (not), 438 (not), 487 (not). Later writers all tend to deny this, as also BVR 72, 77, 114, whereas the earlier writers there all complain of ~. |
| Tobacco. 6.9.55, 13.3.57. References to its use in barter or as payment for work passim, as also to the Hottentot craving for it, in this volume and later writers. Points of interest are: the giving ~ to small children 19, 68, 174 (page 123), 433, also Kolbe 463, Philips 284, and others; Hoffman's apparent surprise that Hottentots inhaled, 162, also as unusual in Kolbe 497, Brink 36, Banks 440; the passing-on of a pipe 174 (page 121), 237, 438, also Grevenbroek 273, Valentyn X 105, Philips 277, Wolf 44, Thunberg I 196, 207, and others. Kolbe 674 makes the unexpected point that the Hottentots were better judges of ~ than the Dutch. In BVR note that the first mention is in 1646 only: smoking (of anything) was learned from the Europeans - note that Cruythoff (DR 10-11.3.61) had to show the Namaquas this. |
| Tobacco-thieves see Gorachouqua |
|
| Ubiqua see Obiqua |
| Urine. 124 (medicine, twice), 487 (magic). Grevenbroek 243, Barrow 249 also have its use in medicine. For magic and rituals see also Kolbe 422, 426, 453, 536, 550, echoed by Philips 277, 280, 283, 289, 295; also see Allamand and Klockner 94, 110, 113, 119, Schomburg 340, 350, 357, 365, Pagès (1782) 24 and (1797) 150ff, Mentzel III 281, Sparrman I 357, Picard 114ff, Thunberg II 42, 192; and other writers. |
| |
| |
| Vulva-covers. 16, 35, 127, 147, 217, 388, 485. Plates 47, 52. |
|
| Watermen (Goringhaicona, and see Cuyper, Herry, Scipio). 5.5.60 (error), 5.3.88 (unnamed), 17, 19 (‘Strandloopers’), 21 (‘Chouriquas’ in error), 204 (raid and bring cattle [sic]), 205 (unnamed). Also DR 31.10.57 (‘Choeringaina ... Herry* and all the ~’), 3.2.59 (hiding among the Caepmans). |
| Women's bag. 17, 127, 218, 388, 485. Also Dapper 647, Hesse 186, Grevenbroek 197, Kolbe 480, Thunberg I 178, 194, and other writers. |
| Women's breasts. 19, 84, 147, 161, 166 (page 20), 218, 238, 241, 406, 436, 484. All refer to the length of these, most adding that they can give suck to the baby on their back: thus also in BVR and many later writers. Plates 35, 40, 44, 47, 52, 60. |
| Women's feet. 19, 118. The smallness of these is confirmed by many writers, including Dapper 644, Kolbe 371, Grevenbroek 175, Guedeville 72, Banks 43, Barrow 107: Sparrman in 1772, 1 180, makes the odd claim that this ‘was remarked by no-one previously’. |
| Women's skirts. 16, 35, 113, 127, 166 (page 20, deerskin), 174 (page 117, sheepskin), 217, 241, 292, 383, 436, 485. Plates 35, 65. |
|
| Hottentots-fish, Raia sp. speared under water by them; or Pachymetopon sp., probably P. aeneum as thought to resemble them facially. 16, 136, 174 (page 103, ‘carp’, page 129, ‘bream’), 409. |
| Hottentots-Holland. 6.6.57, 11.2.71, 16.10.72, 1.1.76, 20.3.76, 28.11.76, 3.11.79, 23.12.88, 174 (page 137), 195. Plate 51 |
| Hottentots-Holland Berge. 6.9.55, 174 (page 137, on route to Hessequa) |
| Hour. As measure of distance = 2 English miles. |
| Hout Bay. ? 28.6.83, 3.2.88, 26, 192, 193, ? 308 (reading ‘masketh’ for ‘maketh’). Also DR 14.11.52 (in Verburgh's diary, first use of name). Plates 24, 51 |
| Hout Bay River. 26 (unnamed) |
| Hout den Bul. 30.9.59, 24.9.66. Also Overtwater's Memoir 7.9.63 (now useless), van Goens Sr. Instructions 1682 (to be demolished) |
| Houte Wambuis. 4-5.4.61. Also mentioned in DR 18.7.68, 7.9.68 |
| Houtman, Cornelis de (see BVR). 157, 217 (error) |
| Hoveling. 4.2.76 (unnamed), 18.3.76 (ditto), 180 |
| Hoy (English term = Dutch ‘galliot’). 414. Small, single-masted, usually mainsail on gaff, and foresail. |
| HS = Hakluyt Society. 374, 438 |
| Hudson, Robert. 28.6.99, 454, 455 |
| Huguenots. 15.4.88, 27.4.88, 11.5.88, 11.6.88, 19.8.88, 22.8.88, 26.8.88, 8.10.88, 12.10.88, 15.10.88, 17.10.88, 24.10.88, 25.10.88, 13.11.88, 1.2.89, 9.4.90, 17.10.96, 28.3.02, 262, 353, 374, 387, 396, 403, 409, 428, 429, 431, 432, 438, 461, 462. The first party was brought out to Saldanha Bay by Voorschoten, and thence to Table Bay by Jupiter, sent for this purpose by Simon van der Stel (letter 26.4.88, Cape Archives 502). |
| Huigen (flatfish, not identified, also in BVR. Perhaps Austroglossus microlepis or Tsilla capensis). 483 |
| ‘Hunter’, freeman supplying Governor, etc., with game, or supporting himself by selling to burghers. 17.7.55, 23, 34, 35, 110, 213, 241 (‘lion-guard’), 266, 331 |
| Husing, Henning. Hamburg, 1647-1713. To Cape 1672, Freeman 1678. Meat-supplier to V.O.C., perhaps the wealthiest colonist, a leader of opposition to W.A. van der Stel. (See Hoge, SADB). 479 |
| Hut see s.v. Cajuit |
Huys Byweg. 18.10.99, 21.10.99
do. Overryp see Overryp
do. te Bergen. 26.2.75
do. te Duynen. 3.11.96, 8.11.96, 9.11.96, 415, 422
do. te Loo. 19.2.99, 20.3.99, 448 (unnamed)
do. te Neck. 8.9.83, 30.9.83
do. te Spijck. 6.6.83, 246, 248
do. te Stryen see Stryen
do. te Velsen. 21.3.70, 1.4.70, 144 |
|
Ilpendam (yacht, Elpendam, cf. Hoff van ~). 26.8.63, 6.9.63, 75, 77
ditto (? same ship) 13.2.99, 20.3.99, 448 (unnamed) |
| Interloper (Dutch ‘Entrelooper’), ship not belonging to the English East-India Company and regarded by it as trespassing on its rights. 2.11.96, 4.1.97, 421, 422, 446, See America, Rebecca, Scarborough |
| Ipenstein (little flute, 53 men). 19.4.72, 165 |
| Iron (and see Hottentots, Iron-working). 84, 85, 126, 146, 147, 148, 166 (page 22, barter), 202, 217, 218, 404, 486 |
| ‘Island’, Cape thought to be. 64, 118 (denied), 417. See also in BVR, and Plate 26 |
| Iversen, Volquardt (Volkert Evertsz.), ‘De Beschryving der Reisen ...’, Amsterdam 1670 (from German of 1669). 44-46, 102, 103, 106. Plate 7 |
| Ivory. 10-11.3.61, 9, 17, 35, 122, 126, 128, 166 (page 19, 20, armlets, page 22, bartered, Namaquas ~ shields on breasts and arms), 174 (pages 117, 119, armlets), 202, 235, 237, 239, 241, 287, 435, 485 |
|
| Jackal (also = Fox), Thos mesomelas. 15, 16, 34, 39, 166 (page 15), 482, 484. The accounts of ‘Lions’ digging up graves probably refers to ~ in reality. |
| Jagt see yacht |
| Jamaica. 10.4.99, 450, 451 |
| Jamby (yacht). 9.7.80, 28.4.85, 14.5.85, 17.5.86, 29.3.87, 258, 314 |
| James' Mount see King ~ |
| James and Mary (Royal ~). 8.1.88, ? 2.6.91, 385. (Cf. John and Mary) |
| Jansen, Reinhart (and see Stavenisse). 405, 406 |
| Jan van Gent (bird). 33, 483. Valentyn X 1, 2 says named for J.C. van Neck (1600, see BVR) and that = Cape Gannet: some other writers agree but others mention both ~ and Cape Gannet as different birds. |
| Japan and Japanese. 4, 141, 199, 206, 235, 250, 281, 343 |
| Java (and see Batavia, Bantam). 53, 55, 57, 149, 310, 464 |
| Java. 16.6.82, 6.6.83, 21.1.86, 9.3.86, ? 15.4.86, 11.4.88, 7.5.88, 246, 248, 338, 342, 405 |
| Jetty. 4.3.56, 20.7.57, 17.1.58, 20.8.60, 20.9.65, 29.12.66, 27, 188, 195, 196, 244, 253, 319, 346, 363, 367, 368, 369, 398, 409, 410, 418, 420, 423. Also DR 14.4.73 (to be lengthened, cove silting up). Plates 17, 28, 31 (two shown), 46, 53, 63,, 65 |
| Joanna (Johanna, now Anjouan, Comoro Island). 308, 377 |
| Joanna (English). 20.6.82, 27.6.82 |
| John and Mary (cf. James and Mary). 8.12.01 |
| Jonas (Dutch). 14.5.79 |
| Jong, C. de, ‘Reizen ...’, Haerlem 1802-3 |
| Jonge Prins. 11.3.65, 22.4.65, 3.4.69, 16.4.69, 20.4.72, 30.5.72, 79, 141, 165 |
| Josiah (English), ? 2.6.91, 8.4.99, 18.4.99, 385, 450, 451 |
| Jourdain, John see BVR (41-45). |
| Joyeux, M. de. 271, 302, 323 |
Juffer Cornelia. 15.3.79, 208
ditto Maria. 14.5.79 |
| Julia. 10.11.99, 30.11.99, 464, 465 |
| Jupiter (‘sailing-shallop’, small, in local service). 24.1.88, 30.9.88, 19.10.88, 23.10.88, 1.7.96, 1.7.97,
|
| |
| |
| 25.9.98. Also DR 13.8.85 (as ‘zeylchaloup’, to Saldanha Bay), letter to Holland 18.3.99 (worn out, broken up). |
| Jutten Island (Saldanha Bay). 16.12.66, 22.1.67, 8.7.69, 6.4.02. Also DR 9.3.56, first mention by name. Plates 20, 45 |
|
| K. Dutch words not found here see under C. |
| Kalk Bay (in False Bay). Plates 45, 51 |
| Kalliatour-wood. 236. By Muret-Sanders Dictionary is synonym of sandalwood. |
| Karsten, M.C., ‘The Old Company's Garden’, Cape Town 1951 |
| Kat (French ‘Chevalier’, English ‘Curtain’). Interior work within a fort, to give a better field of fire or (as at Cape) to protect part of the outer works from being commanded in reverse. Ordered by van Reede in 1685. See plan in Pearse. |
| Kattenburg (C ~). 11.4.69, 30.11.72, 13.12.72, 141, 171 (unnamed) |
| Katzenellenbogen bastion. 198, 367, 402, 418. Plates 53 63 |
| ‘Kedging’, same as ‘Warping’ |
| Keeling, William see BVR. |
| Keert de Koe. 26-27.8.59, 8.6.76. Also van Goens Sr. Instructions in 1682, to be demolished. |
| Kees (Hottentot, Cochoqua Chief). 190 |
| Killer Whale, Orcinus orca. 250 |
| Kindersley, Mrs., ‘Letters ...’, London 1777 |
| King Charles' Mount see Charles' Mount |
| King James' Mount. 367 (‘or Lyons Rump’, as in BVR), but 418 (apparently Devils Peak in error) |
| Kingfisher. 2.6.02 |
| Kinsale (Ireland). 171, 173 |
| Kirby, P.R., ‘Musical Instruments ...’, Oxford 1934 |
| Kirstenbosch, National Botanical Gardens. 132. Plates 48-50 |
| Klapmuts. 26.10.88, 26.12.88. About 33o50, 18o52, Cape Town sheet, 1:250,000 |
| Klaverblad (flute, hooker). 6.6.86 (little flute), 22.6.86 (hooker), 20.3.87 (ship), 20.5.87, 311 |
| Klipfish, Clinus superciliosus, etc. 483 |
| Klipkousen see Abalones |
| Klipspringer, Oreo tragus. 137 (‘klippsteiger’) |
| Kloof of DR 22.10.88, in which the Jonkershoek River flows. E.S.E. of Stellenbosch, Cape Town sheet. |
| Kloof Nek (between Table Mountain and Lions Head). 1.6.98, 40, 49, 188 |
| Knives. 103, 126, 129, 162, 217, 289 |
| Knox, Robert. 5.10.88, 8.10.88, 12.10.88. ? 1640-1720. 1659-79 prisoner of the King of Kandy, escaped, joined English East India Company. In 1684 as Skipper of Tonquin to Madagascar for slaves, still in her 1686. 1694 arrived at Cork from Indies. ‘Historical Relation of the Island of Ceylon ...’, London 1681, and trs. into Dutch, French, German (NED). |
| Knyf, Willem (Skipper of Stavenisse). 1.3.87, 314, 315 Kogge, Koog see Cogge |
| Kolbe, P., ‘Naukeurige en Uitvoorige Beschrijving van de Kaap de Goede Hoop ...’, Amsterdam, 1727, from the German original ‘Caput Bonae Spei Hodiernum ...’, Nürnberg 1719: pages quoted are from the latter. Also trs. English, French. 115, 136, 138. (SADB) |
| Koopman (Hottentot, Chainouqua Chief). 3.3.88, 22.7.88, 1.1.91, 19.1.91. (SADB) |
| Koornhoop. 17.7.57, 24.9.66. |
| ‘Kopffstuck’. 9 (many meanings, including lintel, box on the ear) |
| Korhaan, Afrotis afra. 76, 134 |
| ‘Koros’. 237 (more correctly ‘Kul-karos’, from the words for ‘penis’ and ‘cloak’) |
| Koukerken (yacht) see Coukerken |
| Kraek-fish see Drilvis |
| Krossenburg see Cronenburg |
| Krygsman. 17.9.77, 19.9.77, 30.9.77, 13.6.86, 14.6.86, 25.6.86, 307, 308, 311 |
| Kuylen (Cuylen) post. 15.10.88. About 33o57, 18o40, Cape Town sheet, ‘Kuilsrivier’. Plates 45 (mislocated), 51 |
| Kyckuyt. 25.8.59, 26-27.8.59, 8.6.76. Also van Goens instructions 1682, to be demolished. Plates 21, 45, 51 |
| Kydd, Captain (pirate). 7.1.97 |
|
| Labillardière, M., ‘Account of a Voyage ...’, London 1800 |
| Lacombe, Jean de, ‘A Compendium of the East ...’, London 1937 (from MS. of 1681). 142, 475 |
| Lacus, Hendrik (Fiscaal). 5.6.64, 12.12.66, 29.12.66. (Deposed 1667 and sent to Batavia as soldier.) |
| La Gaillarde see Le Gaillard |
| La Juille. 100 |
| Lake on Table Mountain. 90 (none), 166 (page 16, river and ~ with fish), 210 (pools, no fish), 375 (small), 461 (large), 478 (none). |
| La Loire. 9.6.87, 27.6.87, 21.4.88, 1.5.88, 317, 322, 323, 328, 330, 331, 333, 338, 342, 352, 353 |
| Lam. 15.2.54, 10 |
| La Maligne (frigate, 30 guns). 31.5.85, 1.6.85, 7.6.85, 13.3.86, 26.3.86, 9.6.87, 11.6.87, 27.6.87, 28.6.87, 11.7.87, 261, 264, 265, 268, 271, 295, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 305, 306, 317, 322, 329, 330, 333, 370 (error for La Normande), 371 (ditto) |
| Land (van) Schouwen. 20.2.80, 17.3.81, 7.4.81, 16.2.82, 6.4.82, 29.4.82, 19.3.87, 20.5.87, 11.7.89, 12.7.89, 226, 228, 236, 314, 367, 368 |
| Lands Welvaren. 29.3.88, 30.3.88, 30.4.88, 14.2.98, 17.2.98, 13.3.98, 336, 339, 340, 342, 351, 352 |
| Langewyck (flute). 30.9.83, 30.3.85, 9.3.86, 21.3.87, 20.5.87, 19.4.88, 14.5.88, 252, 314, 338, 342 |
| Langhansz, Christoffel, ‘Neue Ost-Indische Reise ...’, Leipzig 1715 (also earlier edn. 1705). 132, 400-411. There are suspicious parallels with the earlier Dampier: e.g., his landlord getting sheep surreptiously. (SADB) |
| La Normande. 9.6.87, 11.6.87, 27.6.87, 28.6.87, 26.4.89, 30.6.89, 317, 322, 330, 331, 352, 358-362, 370 (as ‘La Maligne’ in error), 371 (ditto) |
| Lantsmeer (yacht, 53 men). 27.8.63, 6.9.63, 76, 77 |
| Laren (flute, 60 men). 22.4.72, 30.5.72, ? 165 |
| Lark, Calendula magnirostris, Carthilauda albescens. 134, 483 |
| La Rochelle. 1.9.66, 23.8.70. 94 |
| Last: as weight 3,000, 3,600 lb., as ships' burden about 2 modern tons |
| ‘Laurels’ (hedges in Garden), Kiggelaria africana, today ‘Spekhout’. 188, 198, 276 (‘called Spek’), 296, 404, 470 |
| Laycock, Richard. 424, 425, 426 |
| Le Blanc, Father Marcel. 322, 324, 325, 331, 333, 358-366 |
| Leck. 8.5.98, 439-442 (unnamed) |
| Le Coche. 5.5.89, 6.5.89, 30.6.89, 358-362, 370, 371, 372 |
| Le Dromadaire. 9.6.87, 11.6.87, 27.6.87, 28.6.87, 17.4.88, 1.5.88, 317, 322, 330, 331, 333 (error), 338, 342, 352, 353 |
| Leerdam (flute). 25.7.58, 48, 49 |
| Le Gaillard (or La Gaillarde: both spellings occur,) 9.6.87, 11.6.87, 27.6.87, 28.6.87, 21.4.88, 30.4.88. 1.5.88, 317, 322, 330, 331, 338, 342, 352, 353 |
| Legger: about 160 English gallons (other values are also given) |
| Leguat, François, ‘A New Voyage to the East ...’,
|
| |
| |
| London 1708 (also French edition, and HS I 82, 83). 374-376, 426-438. Plates 55, 59, 60, 61 |
| Leigh, Philip. 313 |
| Lemons and Citrons. 22-24.8.52, 3-5.7.56, 12.9.60, 139, 174 (page 97, Garden), 188, 193, 212, 228, 232, 266, 276, 296, 319, 387, 409, 428, 480, 481. Also DR 6.9.56 (trees in Garden), 18.6.63 (ditto) |
| ‘Lent’. 15.10.59, 14.10.72, 23.10.93, 1.8.96, 28.3.02, ? 83. The clearest explanation of the peculiar system is in Mentzel 1 163ff, soldiers at the Cape being divided into: (a) those doing duty normally, in uniform, drawing pay, ration-allowance, bread; (b) ‘Freeworkers’, Artisans, working for the V.O.C., same as (a) but not in uniform; (c) ‘Passgangers’, men on furlough, working privately at their trades, same as (b) but must pay 4 Rxd. per month to be divided among the (a) men of their respective companies; (d) men ‘Lent’ to freemen-colonists (as Overseers), not uniformed and drawing neither pay, ration-money nor bread, and the time thus employed not counting towards their 5-year engagement - paid by their employers, who must pay off the man's debt to the V.O.C. for chest, uniform, etc., and money advanced to him by the crimp in Holland. |
| Leopard (Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus; and see ‘Tiger’). 17.6.56, 15, 86o, 138 (in addition to ‘Panthers’), 148o, 166 (page 15o), 192, 202, 205o, 213, 270o, 297o, 429o, 481. Entries marked o give ~ in addition to ‘Tigers’ and all are mere mentions only. |
| Les Jeux. 17.4.88, 23.4.88, 338, 342, 343, 353 |
| Lesley, Capt. John. 19.1.00 |
| L'Etoile d'Orient. 11.4.98, 29.4.98, 439 (unnamed, previously English Seymore or Success), 440 (ditto), 474, 475 |
| Lettuce (also vaguely as ‘Salads’). 13.9.53, 49, 79, 161, 228, 237, 253, 409 |
| L'Europe. 23.8.70, 31,8.70 |
Le Vaillant, F., ‘Voyage ...’, Paris n/d (1792: first edn. 1790)
ditto ‘New Travels ...’, London 1796 (first edn. 1795) |
| Liefde. 14.9.99 |
| Lies, name of a Netherlands plant not found in S. Africa, probably misapplied to ‘Swamp Grass’, Diplachne fusca. 26, 40, 42 |
| Liesbeek River. 12-13.3.57 (unnamed), 26-27.8.59 (ditto), 13 (ditto), 26, 34 (unnamed), 157, 191, 407 (unnamed). Plate 24 |
| Lighter (German ‘erleichter’). 115, 143 |
| Lime. 27.5.53, 8.6.65, 39, 49, 79, 102, 166 (page 4, kiln on Robben Island, error), 182, 272, 347, 374, 402, 460, 479. Plate 17 |
| Linschoten, Jan Huygen van: see in BVR. 157. SADB Vol. I |
| Lion. 17.6.56, 21.3.58, 20.11.64, 5, 8, 15, 16, 21, 29, 34, 49, 53, 56 (more probably Jackals), 64, 70, 71, 76, 85, 86, 91, 96, 103, 110, 111, 113, 119, 148, 161, 164, 166 (pages 8, 11, seen at Salt River, page 15), 174 (page 95, on Table Mountain, page 133, very common), 184, 202, 205, 209, 213, 228, 232, 233, 239, 266, 270, 282, 284, 297, 320, 394, 407, 408, 429, 430, 431, 462, 478, 481. Also DR 31.7.56, 19.8.56 (~ and porcupine), 6.10.88 (raiding near Fort). Plates 16, 19 |
| Lion Hill. 12.2.54, 15, 23, 33, 41, 46, 49, 56, 67 (and (Plate), 78, 79, 86, 106, 110, 157, 161, 166 (page 16, look-out post, name from shape), 174 (page 95, ditto, ditto), 183, 189 (quarry), 192, 194 (ores), 196, 199, 208, 210 (2,172 feet), 212, 227, 228, 232, 237, 243, 259, 271, 272, 277, 309, 313, 322, 336, 337, 340, 349, 350, 375, 402, 478. Various plates, including the ridiculous Plate 13. |
| Lions Head, 2, 194 seet; in English accounts practically always ‘Sugar Loaf’, as also in BVR and long after 1702. 22.3.73, 14.5.79, 28.3.90, 26.3.02, 41, 142, 176, 199, 210 (2, 172 feet), 217, 221, 237, 245, 253, 255, 257 (misidentified as Devils Peak on his Plate 31), 308, 340, 341, 358, 367, 368, 370, 375, 386, 390, 402, 418, 424, 440, 442, 445, 446, 452, 461, 471, 478. Most of the references (and some in the preceding entry) are to the look-out post and signal station. 402 gives the signals incorrectly: in reality the numbers of ships sighted was indicated by the number of shots fired, although perhaps also by the flag, as in Salmon (45), Mentzel (1 89). The flag flown for the outward fleets was always the Dutch one, as e.g., Brink (22), for the return-fleets the secret recognition-flag, changed yearly and advised in sealed orders to the fleets. Plates 53, 54, 63, etc. |
| Lions Rump (Lions Tail, today Signal Hill), 1, 149 feet. 16.3.71 (in item 26), 16.7.85, 5.1.88, 41, 166 (page 16, flag flown on ~), 294, 337, 342, 350, 358, 367 ‘James' Point’ or ~), 387, 416, 417, 418, 425, 441, 454, 461, 464, 473, 479 (flag on). Plate 63 (flag) |
| Lisbon. 177, 323, 458 |
| Lizards. 41, 292 (two described, and Plates 42, 43) |
| Lizard. 26.6.99, 2.7.99, 3.7.99, 21.2.01, 453, 454, 455, 471 |
| Lockyer, C., ‘Account of the Trade ...’, London 1711 |
| Lodgings, and costs of. 68, 86, 91, 102, 103, 232, 236, 243, 250, 258, 368, 378, 382, 384 (cf. 403), 385, 387, 390, 398, 402, 403 (cf. 384), 418, 421, 464, 466 |
| Loenen (flute). 21.3.59,31.3.59, 53 |
| L'Oiseau. 31.5.85, 1.6.85, 7.6.85, 13.3.86, 26.3.86, 9.6.87, 11.6.87, 27.6.87, 28.6.87, 10.4.88, 18,4.88, 19.4.88, 261, 264, 268, 271, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 305, 306, 317, 322, 329, 330, 338, 342, 352, 353 |
| London (and see British Museum). 11.10.96, 9.5.98, 5.9.99, 21.2.01, 171, 174, 299, 311, 438 |
| London (frigate, 170 men). 11.11.99, 29.11.99, 464, 465 |
| Longboat (Dutch, German ‘boot’, French ‘bateau’): the largest boat carried by a ship, rowed, or sailed with leeboards. 30.9.56 (under sail, and 1-2.10.56 leeboards), 18.5.88, 26.4.89, 24.5.97, 30.12.99 (in item 99), 27, 40, 41, 46, 55, 92, 110, 111, 146, 157, 174 (page 91, hindered by trombas*), 210, 220, 244, 253, 258, 272, 299, 303, 314, 315, 346, 347, 369, 386, 390, 398, 410, 413, 416, 418, 419, 420, 422, 425, 440, 441, 442k 336, 450, 452, 455, 466, 468, 469, 472. Plates 4, 6, 63 |
| Longitude. 4 (‘60o’, not stated from where: probably same as next), 8 (Cape ‘56o’, probably Cape Salvador, Brazil, actually 57o), 174 (page 93, ‘39o25 from Gibraltar’, actually 23o45, page 107 ‘11o30 from Amsterdam’, actually 13o30), 262, 265 (reward for), 267 (‘18½o from Paris’, actually 16o10), 275, 278 (‘18o from Paris’, actually 16o10; Hierro from Paris ‘22½o’, actually 20o16; hence Cape from Hierro ‘40½o’, actually 36o26), 295 (‘350½o’, not stated from where), 308 (Cape ‘82o25’ from Princes Island, actually 86o45), 309 (ditto), 359 (Cape 40o from -?-, probably Hierro), 371, 373 (Cape ‘36½’ from -?-, probably Hierro), 391 (Cape ‘about 43o27 from Cape Salvador’, actually 57o), 401 (method of finding: see his pages 63, 90, 91). Graaf ‘Oost-Indische Spiegel’ gives 48 degrees from ‘an island’ in Canaries. Useful summary in 1682 ‘Cosmography’: Corvo in Azores because Declination* zero there; Peak of Tenerife by ‘the more modern, especially the Dutch’; Hierro in Canaries by ‘the French to this day’; coast of Brazil as 4, 8, 391. It
adds the pressing need for a chronometer, ‘if such an Automaton could be made...but none hath been so happy as to accomplish the same’. |
| ‘Looff en Vrintschap’ (English) see Loving Friendship |
| Loosduynen (flute). 21.9.65, 25.4.69, 12.5.69, 142 |
| |
| |
| L'Orient (port). 370, 474 |
| L'Oriflamme. 18.5.88, 20.5.88, 2.6.88, 3.6.88, 358 |
| Loving Friendship. 24.1.83, 6.2.83, 244 |
| Lowth, Capt. Matthew. 19.12.99 to 31.12.99, 2.1.00, 465-470 |
| Loyal Bliss. 471, 472 |
| Loyal Merchant. 19.12.99 to 31.12.99 in item 99, 2.1.00, 4.1.00, 11.1.00, 15.1.00, 465-470 |
| Luillier, ‘Voyage du Sieur ~’, Hague 1706 (also Paris 1705, Rotterdam 1726) 474, 475 |
| LV = Linschoten Vereeniging |
| Lynx, C. caracal. 166 (page 11, at Salt River; page 15, in addition to Leopards; page 22, skins bartered) |
|
| Maagd (Maecht) van Enkhuysen (war-yacht, 28-30 guns, 133 men). 3.4.55, 15.4.55, 33, 34, 43. Plate 6 |
| Maalgasen (‘Divers’), Morus capensis. 132 |
| Maas (measure). Usually same as Can* |
| Maas River. 9.6.65, 3.12.68, 2.4.69, 20.3.70, 5.8.01, 115, 141, 311 |
| Maatzuiker, Johan (Governor-General 1653 to death 1678). 20 |
| Macassar. 23.3.72, 26.3.72, 30.4.76, 22.5.76, 164, 182, 185 |
| Macclesfield. 17.1.02 |
| Mackerel, Scomber japonicus: Horse- ~, T. trachurus. 136 |
| Madagascar. 2.4.54, 8.3.55, 12.3.55, 25.9.59, 1.9.66, 16.12.66, 23.8.70, 7.3.71, 22.5.76, 29.11.76, 24.1.83, 11.5.83, 6.7.83, 24.3.87, 29.3.87, 12.10.88, 11.10.96, 12.11.96, 7.1.97, 1.6.98, 10.4.99, 16.6.99, 1.7.99, 28.12.99, 30.12.99, 21.2.01, 29, 94, 101, 151, 155, 157, 165, 176, 185, 194 (slaves from), 217 (ditto), 244, 247, 314, 377, 389, 413, 422, 425, 438, 450, 454, 468. Also DR 27.5.54 (rice from), 15-18.6.54 (ditto), 12.12.54 (Tulip back from, news that French likely to abandon ~) |
| Madeira. 16.6.99, 10.11.99, 11.11.99, 295, 391 |
| ‘Madjeleijn’ (plant, not identified: perhaps Dutch for marjoram). 38 |
| Madras. 14.7.92, 24.5.94, 1.6.94, 11.10.96, 14.10.96, 12.4.99, 367, 386, 413, 417, 423, 439, 440, 441, 445, 446, 450 |
| Madras (~ Merchant). 11.1.97, 17.1.97, 1.2.97, 425, 426 |
| Magellan Straits. 12.10.88, 307 |
| Magpie (Pied Crow), Corvus albus. 483 |
| Maio Island (Cape Verde Islands). 111, 453, 471 |
| Malabar. 52, 185, 491 |
| Malacca. 10.4.88, 20.8.88, 5.5.95, 52, 53, 239 |
| Malacca. 2.3.53, 4.3.53, 6.3.53, 10.4.53, 17.4.53, 19.2.55, 6.3.58, 19.3.58, 5.10.59, 22.10.59, 4, 55, 57 |
| Malay (language: Fryke's ~ words not traced). 259 |
| Man, Andries de (First Clerk, later Secunde: died 8.5.97). 10.6.87, 187 (unnamed), 188 (ditto), 191 (named), 195 (unnamed), 365 (ditto) |
| Mandelslo, J.A., von, ‘Gedenkwaerdige ... Reyse ..., Amsterdam 1638 |
| Mangas de Velludo see Cape Gannet |
| Marcus Island (Saldanha Bay). 16.12.66, 22.1.67 (‘Marques’). Plates 20, 45 |
| Margaret (Margit, Margriet). 28.12.99 and 29.12.99 (in item 99), 15.1.00, 466-460. Also DR 25.10.85 (at Cape with slaves from Madagascar for New York) |
| Maria (French yacht, Ste. Marie; and cf. Princessen ~, Dutch, and (Princess) Mary, (English). 7.3.71 (‘Spiegelschip*’ apparently error), 17.3.71, 101, 155 (‘yacht’), 157 (‘yacht’) |
| Mars. 8.5.62 |
| Marsseveen 4.2.63 |
| Mary (cf. Princess ~). 11.10.96, 17.10.96, 19.10.96, 22.10.96, 24.10.96, 413, 414, 415, 416, 418, 419 |
| Mascarines (Mascarhenas) see Réunion |
| Massingberd (Metsenberg, English). 22.11.83, 27.11.83, 252, 253 |
| Masson, F., ‘Account ...’, Royal Society 1775 |
| Masuliptam. 29.12.86, 314 |
| Masurier, -. 330, 331 |
| Matelief, Cornelis, ‘Journaal ende Historische Verhaal ...’, Amsterdam 1648: see in BVR. 217. (SADB) |
| Mauritius (Island). 9.4.55, 12.4.72, 23.4.72, 30.5.72, 3.10.88, 12.10.88, 1.6.98, 62, 77, 106, 164, 165, 172, 247, 248, 253, 299, 301, 376, 386, 413, 464 |
| Mauritius Island. 4.2.76, 18.3.76 (unnamed) |
| Maxwell, J., letter n/d in British Museum MS., copied by Theal, in Collectanea |
| Mayerberg. 21.10.73, 8.11.73 (cf. Muyderberg) |
| Mayotte Islands. 13.11.74, 21.2.01, 308 |
| Medlars. 24.8.52, 12.9.60, 82 |
| Meerkat, Cynictis penicillata. 306 |
| Meerman. 28.8.63 (156 men), 9.9.63, 76 (‘yacht’, ?), 77, 78 |
| Meeuwen Island (Saldanha Bay, and see Cormorans, Isle aux). 26.8.70, 1.9.70. Plate 20 |
| Meidrecht. 5.8.01 |
| Meister, Georg, ‘Orientalisch-Indischer ... Gärtner’, Dresden 1692. 115, 197-199, 202-206, 339, 340-352, 401. Plates 52, 53, 54 |
| Melon. 42, 161, 174 (page 167 ‘Solanum Indicum’), 212, 227 (‘Spanischer Speck’ which de Vries, not unnaturally, read as ‘Spanish Sek’, sherry, and put among the drinks: the term is still used in Afrikaans for ~), 255, 266, 282, 299, 300, 302, 303, 351. Also DR 29.1.56 (coming up beautifully), 9.10.54 (more land allotted for ~) |
| Mentzel, O.F., ‘Description ...’, Cape Town 1921 (from Glogau 1785-7); also ‘Life of R.S. Alleman’, Cape Town 1919 but all references except one are to the former. |
| ‘Merchant’. Rank in V.O.C.: Commandeur, Upper-Merchant, ~, Under- ~, Book-keeper, etc. Also in English ships equivalent of ‘Factor’. |
| Meresteyn (Mehrensteyn, etc.) 27.5.94, 14.6.94, 17.6.94, 7.7.94, 14.2.98, 17.2.98, 13.3.98, 6.4.02, 401, 410 |
| Merklein, Johann Jacob, ‘Reise nach Java ...’, Nürnberg 1672 (fuller than Nürnberg 1663 and Hague 1930). 4, 5, 8, 9, 67 |
| Merry, John. 447, 448 |
| ‘Messieurs’ 83: suggests a Frenchman, see ‘Lent*’ |
| ‘Metal’: gunmetal cannons as contrasted with iron ones |
| Metsenburgh see Massingberd |
| Middelburg. 32, 62, 67, 138, 464 |
| Middelburgh (Nieuw ~, Wapen van ~). 17.8.65, 31.3.70, 24.2.71, 14.4.72, 13.11.74, 17.11.76, 1.12.76, 12.4.79, 28.4.79, 62, 144, 164, 175, 176, 187 (unnamed), 188, 193, 194, 196, 210 |
| Mierop. 12.10.85, 30.6.89 |
| Mile. Van Goens Instructions 16.4.57 fixed ~ as about 1½ English, but in the documents it is always the Rhineland ~ of 4.45 English ~ (though in practice on the ground often = 4 only). And see Plate 24 |
| Militia. 1.5.59, 29.12.66, 24.2.71, 11.6.87, 14.6.87, 7.5.95, 10.5.95. Also DR 19.4.72 (first quarterly parade, 93 men), letter to Holland 1.6.87 (112 men), DR 15.11.88 (44 horse, 82 foot), 1-4.11.01 (Cape Town 2 companies of 74 each plus 64 horse) |
| Milkwood-tree, Sideroxylon inerme. 40 |
| Mills. 26-27.8.59, 30.10.85, 1.8.99, 317, 325. Also DR 25.8.58 (horse- ~ unsatisfactory, water- ~ to be built), 27.10.59 (in use, Mostert given monopoly), 23.12.69 (repaired). Plate 17 |
| Mining. 25.8.69, 19.9.69, 3.6.71, 28.11.76, 8.6.86, 1.7.86, 191, 193-195, 214, 216, 226, 227, 228, 232, 337, 338. Also DR 28.1.54 ‘We have put a silversmith to work
|
| |
| |
| ... to find out whether silver could be extracted from a certain mineral that has been found’), 10.2.54 (‘the silversmiths found nothing in it’), 13.2.54 (another adverse report), letter from Amsterdam 24.12.54 (‘the mineral sent by you ... tested but nothing at all found in it’), DR 26.11.69 (negative report by miners), 24.1.70 (again negative at Riebeeks Castle), 18.9.70 (again negative). |
| Minors, William see in BVR |
| Mirwell, Capt. 451 |
| Mirrors. 103 (barter), 174 (Hottentots fascinated by ~) |
| Modena (English). 29.7.92, 5.8.92, 7.5.94, 2.6.94, 390 |
| Moercappel 1.6.88, 21.6.88 |
| Moluccas. 46, 252, 491 |
| Mom see Mum |
| Mondevergue, Marquis François L. de. 1.9.66, 12.12.66, 12.12.66, 14.12.66, 16.12.66, 28.12.66, 30.12.66, 5.1.67, 23.8.70, 1.9.70, 7.3.71, 94-97, 100, 155-157 |
| Monday, Admiral see Mundy (actually Munden). |
| Monmouth, Duke of. 22.11.83, 299, 301, 305, 308, 311 |
| Monomotapa: Kingdom (of exaggerated extent and importance in early writers) on and south of the Zambesi River. 83, 85, 163, 216, 217, 269. See Peter Heylin's ‘Cosmographie ...’, London 1652, for a map of ~, complete with towns, lakes and rivers, and with a description of the Emperor and his Amazon guard. Plate 39 |
| Monsoon, from Hindi ‘mausim’, season. From Capt. Smith: ‘A Mounsonne is a constant wind in the East Indies, that bloweth alwaies three moneths together one way, and the next three moneths the contrary way.’ (More exactly, 4 months, then 2 months of variable winds, then 4 months.) |
| Montague. 5.9.99, 14.9.99 |
| Montanus, Arnoldus. 250: probably in ‘De Wonderen van 't Oosten ...’, Amsterdam 1650 |
| Moore, John H., ‘A New and Complete Collection of Voyages and Travels ...’, London 1778 |
| Morgen = 2 1/9 English acres |
| ‘Morgensterne’ (spiked maces). 236 |
| Mostert, Wouter Cornelisz. 26-27.8.59, 166 (page 7, ‘Cape Burgomaster’), 192, 193 (‘Jan’, apparently in error). (SADB) |
| Mouille Point (always unnamed: in some cases Green Point may be meant). 16.3.71, 41, 246, 255, ? 387 (‘Gallows’) |
| Mozambique. 11.3.86, 22, 38, 165, 303 |
| MR = Marine Records, India Office, London |
| Muid (Mudde) = about 190 English lb. |
| Mulder, Gerbrant (Fiscaal). 187, 188, 195. |
| Mullet, Mugil cephalus, etc. 284, 483 |
| Mum, very strong (and excellent) beer still brewed at Brunswick. 102, 108, 253, 351, 382, 403 |
| Mundy, Peter see in BVR |
| ‘Mundy’, Admiral. 170, 171. Sir Richard Munden, 1640-80. Knighted for taking of S.Helena: which was even more difficult than as described here, since after landing in Prosperous Bay a steep cliff had to be scaled. |
| Munro, I., ‘Narrative ...’, London 1789 |
| Museum. 20.11.64, 15, 16, 64, 70, 85, 154, 213, 228, 232, 233, 270, 408, 430, 462. Also DR 16.6.56 (lionskin in hall of fort), 31.7.56 (lion/porcupine story, not stated that skins to ~ as e.g., 64), 19.8.56 (ditto, ditto). Later ~ was in Garden-pavilion (e.g., Valentyn X 20, Beeckman in Pinkerton XI, Barchewitz 80, Lockyer 295 with one schilling admission-fee) |
| Muskets. During this period the ‘snaphaan’ and the real flintlock were su perseding the earlier firelock or matchlock with its smouldering ‘match’-cord: in the snaphaan the pan-cover protecting the priming was arranged to slide back as the hammer fell, in the flintlock the blow of the flint moved the cover by striking on part of it. (Unfortunately the term ‘snaphaan’ was often used incorrectly later for the flintlock. 11, 30, 53 (snaphaan), 71 (trap-gun, hence flint), 174 (page 133, unusable in wet weather, the firelock), 242 (linstocks mentioned), 268, 270 (trapguns), 300. Also DR 25.12.52, 13.5.56 (‘cannot burn in wet weather, but the snaphaanen, pistols and pocket-pistols seem very strange to’ the Hottentots), 11.6.56 (‘match-cords’), 23.5.59 (ditto), 16.7.66 (trap-gun, hence flint). Also Inventory 15.12.76 has 104 snaphaanen, 354 ‘muskets’; 18.3.99 has 438 snaphaanen, 785 ‘muskets’. See also Lategan, Dr. F.V., ‘Die Boer se Roer’, Bloemfontein (1967) |
| Musket-shot, probably now 150 yards: 269 as distance Fort to town, 296 ditto, 479 ditto: also vaguely 262, 265, 352 |
| Musschaetboom. 79 (error for Notenboom), 92 (ditto) |
| Mussel, Mytilus sp. 21, 56, 128, 483, 486 |
| Mustard (seed)-leaves (vaguely Cruciferae) 11, 13. Also DR 19.10.52 (wild ~ to be sown) |
| Mutsje (Musje, Dutch ‘little cap’), 1/10 can *. 11, 62 |
| Muyderberg (cf. Mayerberg). 5.5.76, 22.5.76, 185 |
|
| Naber, S.P. L'Honoré: editor of reprints of Schreyer, Hoffman, Hesse, Saar, Herport, etc. Hague ca 1930 |
| Naerden (Naarden). 15.2.54, 10 |
| Nardenburg (Aardenburg). 22.1.76, 180 |
| Nail (for barter: the heavy ship-building ~ is meant). 303 |
| Natal. 1.3.87, 19.2.88, 31.8.88, 154 (‘the island called the Terra de Natall’) |
| Nathanael (English). 6.5.89, 3.7.89, 5.7.89, 360 |
| Navarre (French). 28.8.70 |
| Necombo (? Negumbo, little yacht). 3.7.80 |
| NED. New English (Oxford) Dictionary |
| Nederland. 6.5.89, 19.6.89, 18.10.99, 21.10.99, 20.11.99, 358, 360 |
| Needles, the see Agulhas |
| Neptune. 19.1.00, 26.1.00 |
| Newcastle. 24.1.83, 391 |
| New England (U.S.A.). 91 (‘New Holland’), 177 |
| Neyn, P. de (Fiscaal 1671-74), ‘Lusthof der Huwelyken ...’, Amsterdam 1730: mostly on Hottentots, and this nearly all from Dapper; but he has a long and vivid account of the execution of the Hottentot Saldanha-Bay murderers by the Hottentots themselves (see DR 20.8.73). |
| Ngonomoa see Gonnema |
| Nicholas. 307 |
| Nienaber, G.S., ‘Hottentots’, Pretoria 1963 |
| Nieuburg. 8.6.99, 452 (unnamed) |
| Nieuhof, Johan, ‘Gedenkwaerdige Brasiliaanse Zeeen Lant-Reize ..., Amsterdam 1682. 8.1.55, 10-16, 19-23, 26, 27, 48, 53, 155-157, 165. (SADB). Plates 2, 24 |
| Nieuwenhoven (yacht). 16.4.65, 22.4.65. 92 |
| Nieuwland (flute). 4.5.88, 21.6.88, 5.6.94, 12.6.94, 1.7.99, 30.12.99 (in item 99) |
| Nieuwpoort (flute). 25.7.58, 1.8.58, 48-52, 168 |
| Nieuw Rotterdam see Wapen van Rotterdam |
| Night-scented flower. (CAS Pelargonium triste, Kirstenbosch Hesperantha sp.). 139, 174 (page 107 ‘geranium’) |
| Nigtevegt. 5.6.94, 12.6.94, 14.2.98, 17.2.98, 13.3.98 |
| Noord (galliot). 5.1.88, 3.2.88, 31.8.88, 3.9.88, 30.9.88, 12.10.88, 19.10.88, 31.3.90. Also letter to Holland 24.5.90 (sent to get Stavenisse survivors, got ‘the residue’, but wrecked on way back) |
| Noordgouw. 1.7.96, 1.7.97 |
| Norman, Robert (Mate of Mary). 416, 418, 420 |
| Norris, Sir William. 17.6.99, 20.6.99, 1.7.99, 453, 454 |
| |
| |
| ‘Northabout’ (Dutch ‘achterom’). 1.4.58, 10.4.65, 17.9.77, 29.10.88, 27.1.89, 27.5.94, 9, 10, 67, 91, 92, 106, 107, 156, 177, 180, 197, 242, 243, 252, 316, 340, 352, 366, 374, 391, 401, 411, 438. Also DR 8-9.10.59 ‘return-ships ... strictly forbidden to sail through the Channel’. In time of war for safety: in peacetime for return-fleets to prevent smuggling of East-Indian goods into small vessels in the English Channel. Carried a bonus of two months' pay homeward (Langhansz 74) or three (Saar 187). |
| Norway (and see Bergen). 9, 143, 144, 148, 236 |
| Nostra Senhora de los Milagros. 8.5.86, 11.5.86, 21.5.86, 6.6.86, 308, 314, 315, 352 |
| N.S. del Valle. 21.12.88, 25.12.88 |
| Notenboom. 11.3.65, 22.4.65, 79 (‘Musschaetboom’ in error), 92 (ditto) |
| Nuytsen (berg). 24.3.69, 13.4.69, 141 |
| Nyptang (hooker). 3.9.96, 27.10.96, 414 (‘pink’), 416 (unnamed), 418 (ditto), 419 (ditto) |
|
| Oaks. 428 (Rondebosch). Also DR 29.8.99 (12,000 ~ from Rondebosch to Stellenbosch, 8,000 to Drakenstein), letter 1.3.00 (30,000 planted last year) |
| Oats. 17.5.56, 138, 232, 237. Also DR (2.10.54, growing well but beaten down by wind) |
| Obiquas, see s.v. Hottentots: note DR 30.11.84 (‘Sonquas ... a people of this sort called ~) |
| Oedasoa. (Hottentot, Chief of Cochoqua). 8.11.62, 5.8.77, 21, 22 (incorrect), 131 (‘Odasva’). Also DR 13.10.58 (‘Eva [said to be] with ~, the paramount Chief of the Cochoqua’, 21.10.58 (‘Doman ... said that she was ... with the wives of Ngonomoa ... the paramount Chief, and ~, the second one’), 29.10.58 (‘~ did not dare to visit the Commander’) [for fear of Caepmans and Gorachouqua], 30.10, 31.10.58 (‘Harwarden and Eva sent to ~ ... but he could not make up his mind to come with them ... asked, whether the Dutch Chief was also of noble descent’), 30.12.58 (‘the Cochoquas ... reported that their Chief had been severely bitten ... by a lion’), 31.12.58 (‘~ had met with his mishap while out with a large party ... they came across a lion, which had ... rushed at ~ ... bitten him in the arm. All the men courageously sprang upon the lion ... killed the lion with assegais’), 20.6.59 ([Envoys from ~] ‘were told that if their Chief ~ wished to come to the fort ... he could be treated by our surgeons’), 22.6, 23.6.59 ([reported that] ‘he was very thin, suffering constantly from the wounds ... Since he could not be cured by his own doctor, he hoped to get more effective assistance from us’), 29.6.59 ([another party reported] ‘that they had found ~ very weak’), 1.7.59 (‘weak and in great pain ... sent message that we should wait until his health improved’), 3.11.60 (‘The Serjeant returned ... bringing ~ with him’), 8.11.60 (‘~ departed’). (SADB) |
| Oestgeest. 27.3.02 |
| Oijevaer (Oyevaer, flute). 2.4.62, 11.3.65, 22.4.65, 79 |
| Ólafsson, Jón see in BVR |
| Oldenburgh. 6.12.72, 9.12.72, 10.12.72, 11.12.72, 6.1.73, 166 (passim: page 2, 36 guns; pages 3, 4, at Robben Island 28 and 29.11.72 [DR 6 to 9.12.72], to roads 1.12.72 [DR 10.12.72]; page 14 sailed 27.12.72 [DR 6.1.73]) |
| Oldenland (‘Holderland’), Hendrik Bernhard. Born ca 1663 at Lübeck, died early 1697. With Schryver's 1689 expedition, then freeman but re-engaged for Garden before 1693. 387, 423. Thunberg saw his herbarium in Holland in 1770. Mentioned by Valentyn, Kolbe, Stavorinus. (SADB) |
| Olearius, Adam (Ölschläger), 1600-1671, traveller and author, edited Iversen. 44 |
| Oliphant. 21.2.55 |
| Olitzch, Mine-Director. 19.3.81, 226, 248. His son 248, 251 |
| Olives. 13, 97, 139, 188 |
| Ommeren, Joanna van (wife of van Goens Sr.) 16.2.82, 30.5.83, 236 (unnamed), 243 (ditto) |
| Onions. 38, 255, 409 |
| Onkruiyd (‘Uncright’). 471 |
| Oorlammers, Oorambaren: Malay respectively ‘orang lama’, man of experience, and ‘orang baru’, neophyte. 247, 402 |
| Oostenburg. 5.4.72, 4.2.76 (unnamed), 18.3.76 (ditto), 17.9.77, 1.10.77, 164, 180 |
| Oosterland. 17.5.86, 8.6.86, 20.3.87, 20.5.87, 25.4.88, 15.5.88, 12.6.93, 24.5.97, 314, 338, 343 |
| Oostersoubergh. 30.6.89 |
| Oostersteyn. 13.2.99, 20.3.99, 14.1.01, 447 (unnamed), 471 (‘Ostresteen’) |
| Oosthuysen. 28.4.88, 12.6.93, 339 |
| Oranges. 12.9.60, 13, 97, 139, 174 (page 97, Garden), 188, 212, 228, 232, 266, 276, 287, 302, 317, 428, 481 |
| Orange (English). 5.6.92, 16.6.92, 390 |
| Orangie. 5.3.58, 19.3.58 |
| Orlop deck. 421. Strictly speaking (NED) the lowest ‘deck’, just above the hold, and not reckoned as a deck; but often misused for almost any deck. |
| Ostrich, Struthio camelis. 8, 14, 17, 22, 23, 57, 62, 64, 70, 76, 108, 113, 114, 128, 131, 132, 148, 149, 150, 164, 166 (page 12, eggs hatched by sun [sic], eggs and feathers sold at Cape), 184, 190, 213, 233, 235, 239, 240, 241, 242, 381, 394, 408, 409, 462, 483. The legend that they leave their eggs to be hatched by the sun is in 57, 164, 166, 381, 409, contradicted by 132, 184, the former also contradicting the legend that for concealment they hide their heads in the sand. Bolling's 150 ‘~ in China’ not identified: the drawing suggests Crested Crane, but this is not found there. |
| Ours. 9.7.55, 29, 30 |
| Outshoorn, Hendrik van (Governor-General 1691-1704). 6.6.83, 246, 248 |
| Overbeke, Arnout van. 23.7.68, 11.8.68, 25.3.72, 13.4.72, 108, 109. (SADB) |
| Overnes. 14.2.98, 17.2.98, 13.3.98 |
| Overryp (Huys ~, flute). 20.2.99, 2.4.99, 448 (unnamed), 450 (ditto), 451 (ditto) |
| Overtwater, Pieter Anthonisz. 26.8.63, 9.9.63, 76-78 |
| Ovington, John, ‘Voyage to Suratt ...’, London 1696. 391-399. Plate 58 |
| Oyster, Crassostraea margaritacea (true ~ being very rare). 136, 483 |
|
| Padbrugge, Robert. 7.3.71, 10.3.71, 157, 158 |
Pagès, Vicomte P.M.F. de, ‘Voyage ...’, Yverdon 1768
ditto ditto ‘Nouveau voyage’, Paris 1797 |
| Paliacatte (now Pulicat). 27.5.86 |
| Pampus (Bambus). 13.4.88, 28.5.88, 12.6.93, 342 |
| Panther, probably often = ‘Tiger’, Panthera pardus melanotica. 119, 138 (in addition to Tiger), 174 (page 117, cloaks of ~ skin for Chiefs) |
| Papenburg. 20.4.73, 11.5.73, 168. Captured by English near Texel, 1673 (Sainsbury, ‘Calendar ..., 1671-3’, Oxford 1932 |
| ‘Paradise’. 174 (page 139, on way to Hessequas), 193 (not the same, forest on Table Mountain) |
| Parel (Paerel, Perle, Paerel). 2.3.53, 6.3.53, 17.4.53, 6.3.58, 19.3.58, 22.3.59, 1.4.59, 48, 53, 62. Plate 12 |
| Parsley (introduced). 38, 161. Also DR 16.7.53 (growing badly) |
| Partridge, Francolinus, sp.: the three sorts, white, red, grey of 270 are perhaps F. capensis, F. levaillantii,
|
| |
| |
| F. africanus respectively. 123, 134, 184, 213, 266, 268, 270, 282, 297, 331, 394, 482 (4 sorts) |
| ‘Pass’. 3.6.93, 11.4.98, 177. Maritime powers issued such to their ships, to prevent them from being taken for pirates. |
| Paterson, W., ‘Narrative of Four Journeys ...’, London 1790 |
| Paul, Apostle. 487. Romans II 14 (A.V.) ‘the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law’. |
| Pay, to: e.g. 419 (‘with Pitch or Tar’). Capt Smith: ‘... the Okum being close beat into euery seame ... being well payed ouer with hot pitch, doth make her more tight than it is possible by ioyning Planke to Planke’. |
| Peaches (introduced). 13, 212, 428, 481 |
| Peacocks, Wild, Ardea sp. probably A. pavonina. 134, 184, 213, 297, 483 |
| Pears (introduced). 12.9.60, 82, 97, 139, 199, 212, 228, 236, 276, 380, 382, 428, 481 |
Pearse, G.E., ‘Eighteenth Century Architecture in South Africa’, London 1933
ditto, William, Log of Caesar, 1679. 221, 222 |
| Peas (introduced). 38, 237, 380. Also DR 16.7.52 (white ~ sown), 20.7.52 (green ~, ‘erten sonder schellen,’ growing well), 4.9.52 (first green ~ gathered). |
| Peguyn (‘sloepe’). 7.1.58. Also DR 20.10.55 (mentioned), 28-29.7.56 (see s.v. Robbejacht) |
| Peg, Captain (Pegu). ? 287, 463. Also Kolbe 358, 386, 518, 549, Valentyn X 102, 105, 106; and Resolutions 28.11.88 as ‘Begou,’ Saldanhar Captain. |
| Pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus. 132, 184, 190, 394, 483 |
| Pelican (English). 3.2.87 |
|
| Penguin, Spheniscus demersus. 6.4.54, 8, 14, 26, 39 (‘or Dodersen’), 75, 110, 133, 150, 166 (page 4, on Robben Island, ‘two featherless paws like a dog's ears’, eggs hatched by sun [sic]), 211, 250, 284 (‘Bigwin’), 386, 459 (‘Begewind’), 483. The note on 150 that they are thus named, ‘not because they are fat but because of their white heads’ is puzzling: cf. Herbert (BVR) deriving it from Welsh; but ? Icelandic. |
|
| Peperboom. 18.10.99, 21.10.99, 21.10.99, 24.10.99 |
| Percival, R., ‘Account ...’, London 1804 |
| Periwinkles (Topshells). 17, 486 |
| Persia and Gulf (and see Gamron). 1.2.71, 4, 35, 40, 53, 62, 67, 141, 167, 185, 236, 389 |
| Persia Merchant. 253 |
| Peter and Paul (frigate, 70 men). 25.2.99, 8.3.99, 2.4.99, 10.5.99, 1.7.99, 3.7.99, 30.12.99, 450 (unnamed), 451 (ditto) |
| Peyton, W. see in BVR |
| Phaulkon, Constantine. 279, 358: for a summary of his exceptional career see the latter entry. |
| Pheasant, Francolinus capensis. 123, 134, 213, 282, 297, 331, 394, 430, 482 |
Phenix (Dutch, Vogel Phenixz, Fenix). 3.4.55, 15.4.55, 11.3.65, 22.4.65, 33, 34, 40, 42, 79
ditto (English). 7.4.85, 13.4.85, 255, 257 |
| Phenney, George. 414, 416, 417, 419, 420, 421, 440 |
| Philipeau (French). 19.4.98, 29.4.98, 439 (unnamed: previously English Seymour or Success), 440 (ditto, ditto) |
| Philips, J., ‘Authentic Journal ...’, London 1794: draws heavily on Kolbe and is echoed by Salmon, often word for word. |
| Picard, B., illustrator of ‘Cérémonies ...’, Amsterdam 1789 (Vol. I only) |
| Pieces-of-eight (Reales de à ocho): by various writers = Rxd. (48 stivers) in value, or slightly more. |
| Pied Buck (Bontebok), Damaliscus Pygargus. 123, 137 |
| Pijl (yacht, about 40 men). 12.4.72, 23.4.72, 19.5.72, 30.5.72, 164, 165 (twice) |
| Pijlzwaard. 12.10.85, 208. Graaf's reference to the men lost on Table Mountain not found elsewhere; and apparently 1685 was her only call, her maiden voyage and wrecked in her homeward passage. |
| Pinacher see Pynaker |
| Pineapples (introduced). 199, 276, 302, 317, 409, 429 ditto (indigenous, empty fruits): probably Eucomis clavata). 23 |
| Pink (Dutch ‘hoeker’ in one case), 414, 416 |
| Pinguin Island see Robben Island |
| Pinkerton, J., ‘General Collection ...’, London 1805 |
| Pinnace: English, rowing-boat, usually 8-oared, part of equipment of sailing-ships; early Dutch probably two-masted, fore-and-aft sails on gaffs and booms, but later (‘pinas-schip’) like flute* but with topgallants and mizzen-topsail (although another source says square-sterned). 9.2.54, 23.3.72 (280 men), Plate 62, all Dutch. All following are small boats: 386, 390, 415, 418, 419, 425, 450, 452, 466, 472, 474 |
| Piracy. 17.4.69, 12.10.88, 3.6.93, 11.4.98, 10.5.99, 16.6.99, 28-31.12.99 (in item 99), 30, 55, 182, 314, 377, 467-470. For ‘Turkish’ read ‘Moorish’; and see Kydd. |
| Platteklip Gorge (always unnamed). 40, 86, 87, 90, 208, 210 (the ‘klip’ itself), 216, 342, 477. Plate 8 |
| Plover, probably Charadrius sp. 39 |
| Plymouth. 14.10.96, 5.6.99, 17.1.02, 26.7.02, 452, 458, 477 |
| Point: 1/32 of compass-circle, i.e., 11o15 |
| Polaenen. 25.8.69 |
| Poleroon. 15.10.79, 222 |
| Polsbroek see Zuyd Polsbroek |
| Pomegranates (introduced). 212, 276, 317, 380, 382, 409, 428, 481 |
| Pondicheri. 27.2.88, 10.4.88, 26.4.89, 264, 353, 358, 360, 370, 372 |
| Pool (frigate). 3.2.98, 440 (unnamed) |
| Poop (Dutch Kampanje, Campagne, etc., French Dunette), 156, 197 (defined). Flat roof of Cajuit. See also Langhansz (66, 90). |
| Porcupine, Hystrix africae-australis. 8, 15, 56, 64, 70, 113, 126, 128, 131, 137, 184, 190, 232, 233, 408 (‘Igel’, hedgehog), 429, 481. Also DR 31.7.56, 19.8.56 (lion killed by ~: and in various accounts above). The legend of their ‘shooting’ their quills is in 15, 56, contradicted in 113 by the ever-reliable Schreyer. |
| Porpoise, Lagenorhyncus obscurus (but quite possibly in reality Dolphin, Delphinus delphis) 271 |
| Portsmouth. 2.11.86, 29.9.96, 6.6.99, 16.6.99, 8.12.01 |
| Portugal and Portuguese (and see Lisbon). 28.3.58, 4.2.66, 11.3.86, 8.5.86, 11.5.86, 21.12.88, 25.12.88, 9, 21, 22, 23, 27, 30, 33, 64, 112, 117, 144, 160, 163, 174 (pages 93, 103, mentioned only), 177, 199, 220, 227, 267, 271, 275, 279, 281, 287, 302, 314, 315, 352, 362, 363, 365, 366, 380, 400, 483, 491 |
| Posthoorn (‘bootje’, ‘Advys-jacht’). 4.2.76 (unnamed), 18.3.76 (ditto), 15.2.82, 180, 236 (‘hooker’) |
| President. 253 |
| ‘Prester John’. Fabulous early medieval King in Africa; from 14th Century = Emperor of Abyssinia |
| Preston, John. 244 |
| Prévost, A.F. d'E., ‘Histoire Générale ...’, Hague 1747, corrected and augmented by De Hondt from the earlier Paris edition. |
| Princes Island (Sunda Strait). 4, 258, 308 |
| Princeland (flute). 30.3.85, 20.3.87, 20.5.87, 21.10.88, 7.11.88 |
| Princes Maria (Dutch). 30.3.85, 252 |
| Princes Royal (Dutch, flute). 2.3.53, 10.4.53, 17.4.53
|
| |
| |
| 21.9.56, 30.9.56, 1.10.56, 2.10.56, 7.10.56, 8.3.59, 16.3.59, 20.3.59, 4, 5, 8, 9, 45, 46, 53, 62 |
| Princess Mary (English, frigate: cf. Mary). 10.4.88, 11.4.88, 20.4.88, 338, 342 |
| Princesse Louise (Danish). 4.4.98, 439 (unnamed), 440 (ditto) |
| Prins Fredrik (Danish), 6.5.98, 8.1.99, 442 (unnamed) |
| Prins Willem (~ van Seeland, ~ de Deerde). 12.4.55, 1.2.71, 24.2.71, 14.4.72, 32, 42, 62, 165 (de Deerde), 175 (ditto), 180. Cf. the next entry. |
| Prins Willem Hendrik (~ de Deerde). 2.5.74, 3.6.74, 12.1.76, 13.2.81. Cf. the preceding entry. |
| ‘Pritzkopf’. 135. ? Beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris or Mesoplodon layardii |
| Providence (English). 24.3.87, 3.4.87, 315 (as Vergulde Pelikaan in error) |
| Provintie see Vereenigde ~ |
| Prudent Mary (English). 4.2.83, 5.2.83, 8.2.83, 7.4.85, 13.4.85, 244, 257 |
| Pulo Chinco (Island, N.W. Sumatra: apparently Pulu Djonggi of the British Admiralty ‘Pilot’, near Mansalar Island). 221, 228, 246 |
| Pumpkins. 9, 317. Also DR 25.10.52 (~ seed sown), 29.1.53 (Brazil ~ coming up well). |
| Purchas, Samuel, ‘Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes ...’, London 1625-6, reprint Glasgow 1905. |
| Purmer (cf. Purmerland). 17.7.85, 12.6.93 |
| Purmerendt see in BVR Index. |
| Purmerland (yacht, 51 men, cf. Purmer). 28.8.63, 6.9.63, 76-78 |
| Purslane, Portulaca sp. 459 |
| Pynaker. 20.4.73, 11.5.73, 168 |
| Pyrard (de Laval) see in BVR |
|
| QB. Quarterly Bulletin of the South African Library, Cape Town. |
| Quaelberg(en), Cornelis van. 25.8.66 and passim to 16.6.68, 11.8.68, 94-97, 108, 109 |
| Quagga, Equus quagga: usually as ‘Wild Horses’. 21, 56, ? 70, ? 148, ? 205, 240, 241, 270, 283 (‘asses’ in error), 429, 481, 482 (‘wild asses’ in error) |
| Quail, C. coturnix. 134, 483 |
| Quarry (Lions Hill). 2.12.88, 189, 381, 402 |
| Quartel (hooker). 193 |
| Quinces (introduced). 22-24.8.52, 12.9.60, 139, 199, 212, 228, 276, 300, 380, 382, 388, 409, 428, 461, 475, 481. Also DR 7.9.61 (grafted on thorn-trees). |
|
| Rabbits: usually means Dassies in early writers, but the following are ~, imported. 2.4.54, 26, 166 (page 4, on Robben Island), 479 (ditto), 482 (in addition to Dassies). Also DR 16.10.56 (five from Holland to Robben Island, those previously put there extinct), 17.11.74 (a pest on Robben Island). |
| Radishes (imported). 38, 39 (and ‘Rammelasz’), 42, 46, 49, 55, 79, 144, 228. Also DR 16.7.52 (sown), 20.7.52 (growing well). |
| Rad van Avontuur. 21.6.88 |
| Ranunculus (indigenous, probably R. pubescens). 26 |
| Ras, Anna, ‘De Kasteel ...’, Cape Town 1959 |
| Raven, Corvultor albicollis (and see Crow: Sea- ~ = Cape Hen). 134, 409, 483 |
| Ray, Raia sp. (caught by Hottentots). 238, 409 |
| Reales de à ocho see Pieces-of-eight |
| Rebecca (interloper). 2.11.96, 4.1.97, 415, 417, 420, 421, 422 |
| Red Bishop, Euplectes orix (and see Blackbird). 134 |
| Redoubts (and see Duynhoop, Houd den Bul, Houte Wambuis, Keer de Koe, Kyckuyt, Koornhoop). 5.6.64 (between Table Bay and False Bay), 103, 183, 194. Also DR 26.1.68 (guns placed on ‘The New Point’), 14.9.68 (‘behind the Lion Mountain’, in hand: Sea-Point), 1.3.73 (‘the new Sea-point’ now earth, to be stone), 7.8.73 (~ sited in Hottentots-Holland on False Bay). |
| Reed-birds, probably Rallus caerulescens. 483 |
| Reede, Hendrik Adriaan van. ? 1636-1691. Administrator Quilon, Malabar (‘Hortus Indicus Malabaricus’, 1678, etc.). Holland 1677, out again 1684 especially to combat private trade by officials. Cape 19.4 to 16.7.85. Then Ceylon, Bengal, Malabar: died 1691 near Surat, perhaps poisoned. 19.4.85, 1.6.85, 4.6.85, 16.7.85, 31.7.85, 266, 267, 268, 272-275, 277, 278, 281, 295, 463. SADB Vol. I |
| ‘Remonstrantie’ see in BVR: full text in Godee-Molsbergen, ‘De Stichter ...’, Amsterdam 1912 |
| Rennefort, Urbain Souchu de, ‘Histoire des Indes Orientales ...’, Leiden and Paris 1688, and in Dutch, Middelburg same year. 94-101 |
| Resolution (English). 454 |
| Réunion (Mascarhenas, Bourbon). 20.5.88, 374, 387, 440 |
| Revenge (English). 307 |
| Reward (killing ‘Tiger’, Lion, etc.) 17.6.56, 16, 431, 462 |
| Rhinoceros, R. bicornis capensis. 8.1.55, 11, 15, 16, 22, 29, 30, 54 (and Plate), 56, 63, 85, 96, 119, 122, 131, 136, 137, 149, 163, 164, 166 (page 11, at Salt River, fight with elephant, page 16, page 22, horns bartered), 184, 191, 202, 213, 228, 235, 241, 282, 283, 286, 291, 300, 301, 304, 429, 430, 462, 482, 484. Also DR 6.11.57 (trade in ~ horns prohibited). The horns were valued because of the belief that when used as cups they would detect or neutralise poison, subsisting as late as 1744 (Thomas in Harris, 344ff). Three other legends were their armour-plated skins, their inveterate hatred of elephants, and that they licked their victims to death: all denied by Schreyer 122, 136. Plates 9, 23, 36 (armour-plated), 59 |
| Rice (introduced). 2.4.54, 17.5.56, 8.2.71, 5, 14, 40, 70, 103, 112, 114, 128, 137, 157, 162, 185, 208, 211, 231, 240, 347, 442, 464, 467. Also DR 12.10.52 (more ~ needed, for Hottentots), 17.4.53 (from Batavia), 23.4.53 (ditto), 15.4.54 (ditto), 4.5.54 (galliot to Madagascar for ~), 15-18.6.54 (ditto), 11.7.54 (from Batavia), 2.6.57 (sown at Cape), 7.10.57 (ditto, East of Liesbeek R.), 18.2.58 (from Batavia), 12.3.76 (from Ceylon), 26.3.79 (from Batavia) |
| Ridderschap van Holland (yacht). 8.9.83, 14.9.83, 30.9.83, 7.4.85, 9.3.86, 15.4.86, 10.4.88, 30.4.88, 1.6.98, 1.3.00, 252, 255, 338, 339, 340, 342, 351, 352 |
Riebeeck, Abraham van. 187-196. Plate 27. SADB Vol. I
ditto Jan van. Passim 1652-1662, 10, 11, 13, 21, 34, 38-40, 42, 55 (unnamed), 58, 64 (unnamed), 65 (ditto), 180, 187. 1619-1677. (SADB) |
| Riebeeks Castle: about 30o18, 18o55, Cape Town sheet. 194, 195. ? Plate 24 |
| Riet Vlei: about 33o50, 18o30, Cape Town sheet. 42 (unnamed), 76 (unnamed), 174 (page 99, ‘Salt Bay’). Plate 24 |
| Rig of ships see s.v. Spiegelschip. |
| Rising Eagle (English). 26.3.02, 27.3.02, 4.4.02, 8.5.02, 473, 474 |
| Robbejacht (‘sloep’, 16 or 17 lasten*). 4.9.55. Also DR 28-29.7.56 (‘Before noon the chaloupen ~ and Peguyn returned from the Saldanha Bay ... the Hottentots had attacked the small boat of the ~’, taking copper, tobacco, a musket, and breaking up the boat for the nails and other iron); 18.11.57 (refers to this as ‘last year’ and ‘by Charingurinas’; 5.8.58 (mentioned as wrecked on Angola coast) |
| Robben Island. Passim from 14.5.53 in ‘Background’, 11, 20 (interpreter banished to), 23, 26 (rabbits,
|
| |
| |
| sheep put on), 33, 39 (4 men stationed on), 40 (watch-post), 43, 55, 75, 78, 92, 108, 157, 165, 166 (pages 3, 4, sheep, oxen, ‘wonderful garden’, limekiln [sic], tarantulas, salamanders, rabbits, penguins), 174 (page 91, convicts, shells from ~), 182 (pirates to), 193, 194, 196, 211, 221 (and as ‘Penguin Island’), 242, 243, 244 (‘Penguin Island’), 246 (ditto, and all English items), 253, 255, 268 (‘Robin’, as in all French items), 272, 299, 301, 302, 305, 308 (unnamed), 313, 322, 333, 337, 340, 342, 360, 367, 369, 374, 380, 386, 387, 401, 402, 414, 415, 416, 417, 422, 426, 427, 439, 441, 447, 450, 452, 454, 460, 464, 465, 466, 472, 473, 474, 475, 479. Also DR 18.3.54 (post set on ~), 5.6.54 and passim (shells from), 16.10.56 (rabbits put on), 15.3.57 (offenders banished to ~ for three years), 16.3.58 (rabbits put on), 17.11.54 (rabbits a pest on). Plates 24, 31, 34, 45, 46, 51 |
| Robbertson, William (Chief Surgeon). 14.12.60, 23.12.60, 64 (unnamed) |
Roberts, Austin, ‘Mammals of South Africa’, Cape Town 1951
ditto ditto ‘Birds of South Africa’, Cape Town 1957 (revised edition). |
| Robinson, Dr. A.M. Lewin. 330-333 |
| Rodriguez Island. 376, 387 |
| Roebuck, Pelea capreolus. 49, 68, 82, 90, 96, 123, 126, 137, 149, 209, 213, 266, 268, 270, 282, 286, 297, 331, 429, 482 |
| Roebuck (English). 471 |
| Roggeveen's Fleet 1723, Anon, ‘Tweejarige Reize ...’, Dordrecht 1764: the writer was never at the Cape, his material mostly from Dapper. Not quoted. |
| Romeijn. 30.3.85 |
| Rondebosch. 17.5.56, 11.12.56, 17.7.57 (unnamed), 31.8.63, 13.8.64, 14.6.69, 16.4.85, 21.3.88, 16.11.88, 16.4.99, 76, 97, 191, 192, 428, 480 (often unnamed). Also DR 25.7.56 (tobacco to be sown at ~) |
| Roode Zand (pass): N.W. of Tulbagh, Worcester 1:250,000 sheet as ‘Oukloof’. 1.3.1700 |
| Roode Vos (galliot). 8.3.55, 9.7.55, 10, 34, 38. Also DR 2.6.53 (replaced Swarte Vos in local service at Cape). |
| Root (Hottentots). 14, 17, 21, 71, 84, 127, 128, 162, 166 (page 21, arum), 174 (page 119, gladiolus*, ‘Hottentot-bread’; page 129 ‘sword-lily’ bulbs: Schapera's note as ‘Hotnotsvyg*’, also leaves of ‘many kinds of sedum*’; page 131, arum- ~), 183, 203, 217, 297, 349, 351, 388, 433, 486. Obviously many varieties of ~ were eaten, though probably usually bulbs or corms rather than ‘roots’. They are mentioned in many writers from the earliest days: BVR 3, 4, 33, 100 (plant described), 133, 152, 154, 180 (described); also Dapper 647, Grevenbroek 185, Kolbe 241, 253, 258, 488, 522, Valentyn X 67, 89, Maxwell 52, Cnoll 65, Schmidt 252, Salmon 61, Sparrman I 148, II 94, 313, Thunberg II 189, Pagès (1797) 144, Labilliardière 97, Barrow 110, Sonnerat 181. For 486 CAS gives Cyphia sp.; the ‘Uintjes’ of Kolbe, Valentyn, Maxwell, Cnoll, Sparrman, Barrow are Morea edulis; the ‘Sisynrichia’ of Kolbe, Valentyn are misnomers for Iridaceae; the ‘Hotnotsvyg’ (still thus in Afrikaans) of Kolbe and Labillardière are Carprobrotus edulis (formerly Mesembryanthemum edule) as also 174 and Sparrman; one of Thunberg's is Gladiolus edulis as in 174; the ‘Arums’ of Grevenbroek, Kolbe are probably
Zantedeschia aethiopica. |
| Roscam (hooker). 27.5.94 |
| Roses (introduced). 139 (Cabbage ~, Persian ~) |
| Rosemary (introduced Rosmarinus officianalis; indigenous, ‘Wild ~’, Eriocephalus umbellatus). 139, 161, 166 (page 11, wild, near Salt River), 174 (page 97, hedges), 188, 199, 212, 228, 404. Most references are to the hedges in the Company's Garden, as also in e.g., Mentzel I 119, Buttner 6, Heydt 323 |
| Rotterdam. 55, 115, 187, 211, 311, 419 |
Royal Charles (cf. Charles). 20.9.65, 21.9.65
do. James and Mary see James and Mary
do. Russell (English, ‘sloop’, Dutch ‘brigantine’, 15 men). 7.1.97, 26.1.97, 425 |
| Rustenburg (and see Rondebosch). 13.10.79, 30.4.83, 16.4.85, 21.1.88, 19.3.88, 76 (unnamed), 97 (ditto) |
| Rxd., Rixdollar, say 4s/2d: purchasing value say 35s/-. |
| Rye (introduced). 14, 138, 237, 343, 409 |
| Rysende Son. 11.3.65, 22.4.65, 79, 85, 86, 91, 92 |
|
| Saamslag (Zusammenslag). 11.4.88, 4.5.88, 30.6.89, 338, 342 |
| Saar, Johan Jacob, ‘Oost-Indianischer Fünfzehen-Jährige Kriegsdienst ..., Hague 1930 from Nürnberg 1662, 1672. 44, 58-67, 116, 231. Plates 11, 13, 14 |
| Saddle, The (between Table Mountain and Devils Peak). 23, 26, 27, 209, 339 |
| Sage (introduced). 38, 199 (hedges in Garden) |
| S. Andries (hired ship). 17.9.77, 20.2.80 |
| S. Antão (Cape Verde Islands). 10, 45 |
S. Anthonis (French). 18.4.85, 28.4.85
ditto (Portuguese). 11.3.86, 26.3.86, 303 |
| S. Augustine Bay (Madagascar) 11.10.96, 413 |
| S. Bras, Bay of: see Mossel Bay Kolve's map, etc. |
| S. Georges (French). 9.7.55 (in item 3) |
| S. George, Fort (Madras). 423, 441, 450 |
| S. Helena Bay. 20.9.70 (in item 15) |
| S. Helena (Island). 10.4.55, 3-5.7.56, 1.4.59, 30.11.72, 9.12.72, 5.3.73, 29.4.73, 1.5.73, 24.7.73, 11.10.96, 17.10.96, 20.10.96, 11.1.97, 1.2.97, 9.5.98, 2.6.02, 9, 40, 156, 164, 166 (page 5, three ships, 1,220 men sailed 3.12.72 to seize ~), 168, 170-173, 210, 242, 243, 245, 247, 251, 261, 359, 360, 365-385, 391, 411, 414, 419, 425, 426, 427, 438, 471. Also DR 2.2.60 ‘since the English now hold ~ ... orders of the Lords XVII ships shall not touch there this year ... in view of the shaky Government [in England] ... doubtful whether matters will come to a firmer alliance or be broken off violently’. |
| S. Helena Nova. 18.5.78. Also DR 22.1.58 (‘yacht Maria reported ... for fully 14 days searched for the island of ~, but failed to find it’), 6.5.60 (‘Loenen to sail in search of ~’, sailed 15.5, back 28.6 unsuccessful), Frisius Report as Commissioner 1661 (‘now searched for during 3 years ... van Riebeeck thinks further search useless’), 4.4.63 (stores and soldiers sent to ~ with return-fleet, but Velthoen back 1.6.63 reporting no success). |
S. Jean (300 men). 10.12.66, 12.12.66, 16.12.66 (in item 15)
(another, 60 men). 31.8.66, 1.9.66 (in item 15) |
| S. Jean Bajou. 26.8.70, 28.8.70 (in item 15) |
| S. Lawrence (Madagascar), 244, 377, 413, 466, 468 |
| S. Louis (French). 474 |
| S. Maartinsdyck. 4.5.85, 14.5.85, 15.5.85, 258, 314 |
| S. Malo. 370, 458 |
| S. Maries (Madagascar). 12.10.88, 466, 467 |
| Saint-Martin, Baron Isaac de l'Ostal de, Major-General. 28.6.83, 19.4.85, 4.6.85, 16.6.85, 246-248, 267, 268, 273, 274, 278, 295. Born Béarn 1629, died Batavia 1696. C.-in-C. in Indies, active 1650-1696 in nearly all campaigns, especially in Bantam (Ency. Ned.-Indien). See also Hesse (48, 97, 115, 116, 138). |
| S. Nicolas (French). 27.2.88 |
| Saint-Pierre, J.H.B. de, ‘Voyage à l'Isle de France ...’, Amsterdam 1773 |
| S. Tiago (Cape Verde Islands). 28.4.79, 29.10.86,
|
| |
| |
| 2.11.86, 21.10.88, 16.6.99, 10.11.99, 111, 112, 116, 160, 185, 252, 368, 389, 391, 410, 453, 471 |
| S. Vicente (Cape Verde Islands). 29.10.88, 10, 45 |
| Sal (Cape Verde Islands). 374 |
Salamander. 166 (page 4, on Robben Island, ‘poisonous’ [sic])
ditto Bay (Saldanha Bay). 26.8.70 |
| Saldanha Bay. 8.3.55 in item 3, 9.7.55 (ditto), 7.1.58, 16.12.66, and passim in ‘Background’, 22, 26, 29, 30, 64, ? 71, 83, 94-101, 157, 174 (pages 87, 89, defective maps, massacre 1673 [DR 14.7, etc.]), 190 (1673), 217, 415, 423, 483, 484. Also see s.v. Robbejacht for Hottentot raid in 1656. Plates 20, 39, 45 |
| Salland see Zalland |
| Salm (flute). 4 |
| Salmon, T., ‘Modern History ...’, Dublin 1752 (rarely quoted, since in most cases he merely echoes Philips) |
| Salmon, Johnius hololepidotus, Atracoscion aequidens. 136 |
| Salt and Salterns (and see Riet Vlei). 31.5.54, 8.1.55, 76, 388. Also DR 29.1.59 (new saltern at Riet Vlei). |
| Salt Islands see Cape Verde Islands |
| Salt River. 2.10.52, 25.8.59, 26-27.8.59, 5.11.96, 24.5.97, 11, ? 20, 26, 34, 38, 40, 42, 157, 166 (pages 8-12, Cortemünde in hiding at ~), 189, 192, 195, ? 255, 477, 479. Plates 34, 51 |
| Salvador, Cape. 391 (zero of longitude), probably also 4, 8. Bahia (Brazil), 38o29 W. |
| Sampan. 31.5.54 |
| Sampson (English). 29.7.92, 5.8.92, 22.5.94, 2.6.94, 14.10.96, 5.11.96, 18.11.96, 15.12.96, 3.5.98, 9.5.98, 390 (unnamed), 413-423, 441, 442 |
| Samuel (English). 14.7.92, 1.6.94, 2.6.94 |
| Sandalwood. 236 |
| Sandenburg, 38 see Duynhoop. |
| Sandkruiper, Rhinobatos sp. 483 |
| Sandlooper (little flute). 25.4.98, 8.5.98, 157, 439 (unnamed), 440 (ditto), 441 (ditto) |
| Sarah (Hottentot). 18.12.71, 174 (page 127, suicide when abandoned by Dutchmen who had promised marriage) |
| Sardine, Sardinops ocellata. 409 |
| Sargasso Sea. 67, 107, 156, 180, 251, 261, 340, 352, 411 |
| Sarjansland see Sirjansland |
| Sarsaparilla (indigenous, not identified). 387 |
| ‘Satisso’. Professor G.S. Nienaber writes: ‘~ is, no doubt, the earlier form of a word which today appears in Nama as “satsi”, “quietly”.’ 127, 350 |
| Saumacque (French). 30.12.66, 22.1.67, 96 |
| Scarborough (Interloper). 4.1.97 (3 guns, 105 men), 425 (‘hagboat’), 426 |
| Sceptre (English). 14.10.96, 5.11.96, 15.12.96, 25.4.98, 2.5.98, 16.6.99, 2.7.99, 413, 415, 416, 417, 439, 440, 441, 453, 455 |
| Schacher (Hottentot Chief). 13.4.72, 20.8.73. (SADB) |
| Schapen Island (Saldanha Bay; and see Biche, Isle à la). 16.12.66, 22.1.67, 26.8.70, 1.9.70. Plate 20 |
| Schapera, Isaac, ‘Early Cape Hottentots’, Cape Town 1933. 174 |
| Schelde (yacht). 20.3.87, 20.5.87, 5.6.88, 11.6.88, 29-30.6.88, 1.7.88, 2.7.88, 314 |
| Schellag (Schelling). 26.4.98, 8.5.98, 439 (unnamed), 440 (ditto), 441 (ditto), 442 (ditto) |
| Schiebroek (little yacht). 6.6.83, 6.7.83, 12.6.93, 246, 248 |
| Schieland. 20.2.80, 6.6.83, 7.6.83, 9.3.86, 15.4.86, 15.6.89, 246, 248 |
| Schieman. 33, 347. Often mistranslated ‘Boatswain's Mate’. He was responsible for the bowsprit and foremast and their gear, just as the Boatswain was responsible for the main and mizzen masts, and, like the Boatswain, he had a Mate to assist him. See Graaf, Oost-Indische Spiegel, page 28. |
| Schilling (Schelling). ⅛ Rxd., or say 6d. |
| Schmidt, G., ‘Voyage ...’, in Walckenaer, Vol. XVIII, Paris 1842 |
| Schomburg, L.H. von, ‘Reise van Kopenhagen ...’, Odense 1784 |
| Schoondyk. 14.2.98, 17.2.98, 13.3.98 |
| Schouten, Wouter, ‘Oost-Indische Voyagie ...’, Amsterdam 1676. 48-52, 79-92, 160, 163, 226. Plate 8 |
| Schreyer, Johan, ‘Neue Ost-Indische Reisz-Beschreibung’, Hague 1931 from Saalfeld 1679, Leipzig 1681. 110, 111, 114-139, 166 (pages 7, 12, ‘garrisonsurgeon’), 202, 401. (SADB) |
| Schryver, Ensign Isaac. 16.1.84, 31.3.90, 1.1.91, 19.1.91, 283 (unnamed, ‘Lieutenant’). (SADB) |
| ‘Schuhes’. 204 (game in Germany, not identified) |
| Schulp. 27.5.94 |
| Schwartze, G.L., ‘Reise nach Ost-Indien ...’, Heilbronn 1751 |
| Schweitzer, Christopherus, ‘Journal- und Tage-Buch seiner sechs-jährigen Ost-Indianische Reise ...’, Tübingen 1686. 182-184, 185, 226, 229, 236, 243. Plate 26 |
| Scipio (Hottentot, Watermen). 5.3.88 |
| Scurvy. 15.2.54, 2.4.55, 21.9.56, 25.7.58, 16.3.59, 26.8.63, 24.4.65, 24.10.99, 11, 117, 166 (pages 3, 4, this month 24 deaths, page 5, landed 36 sick of ~), 229, 266, 268, 294, 377, 401, 413, 458, 459, 472. Also DR 15.4.73 (Asia brought in by Derdewaak* and cook, rest all ~) |
| ‘Sea-cats’ see Sepias |
| ‘Sea-cow’, ‘Sea-horse’. ‘Sea-cow’ usually = Hippopotamus, but Bolling, 154, has ‘Sea-horse’ for this. |
| ‘Sea-lion’, Mirounga leonina, 154 (‘Sea-cow’), ? 482 (‘Sea-horse’) |
| Seals (‘Robben’, sea-dogs, etc.: Arctocephalus pusillus). 14.11.52, 10.4.53, 8, 9 (for Holland), 16, 17, 26, 33, 35, 39 (for Holland), 52, 55, 75, 83, 96, 110, 136 (‘two sorts’?), 187, 198, 211, 217, 234 (skins to Holland [sic]), 242, 245, 284, 297, 381, 409, 427, 459, 482 (‘sea-bars’), 485. Also DR 7.2.54 (5,373 skins from Dassen Island), 24.2.54 (2,000 ditto, ditto), 26.4.55 (skins sent to Holland), 7.3.56 (ditto), but letter from Holland 12.10.56 received 5.2.57 (‘stop sealing ... little demand ... sales do not cover the costs ... intolerable stench in the ships’) |
| Seal Island (False Bay). Plates 24 (‘Klip’), 45, 51 (‘R’) |
| ‘Sea-pigs’. 482 (probably tunnies) |
| ‘Sea-ravens’ see Cape Hens |
| ‘Sea-swallows’ (unidentified: by other writers might be Cape Doves, flying-fish, Sooty Terns, Storm Petrels). 33, 143 |
| Sebret, - (envoy to Siam). 11.6.87, 16.6.87, 10.4.88, 23.4.88 |
| Secretary-bird, Sagittarias serpentarius. 135 |
| ‘Secunde’. ‘Chief Administrator’, ‘Deputy-Governor’ at the Cape, taking charge in case of Governor's absence or death. |
| Sedum (inexistent in S. Africa: probably misapplied to some small Crassulaceae). 174 (page 129, leaves of ‘many kinds of ~’ eaten by the Hottentots) |
| ‘Seelen-Verkauffers’, corruption of ‘Cedullen-verkauffers’, Crimps*; also Cape Gannets because they welcomed ships as did ~, to get sailors to re-engage. 197, 401 |
| See-Pferd. 62 |
| Sepias (‘Sea-cats’, Loligo sp.). 135, 482 |
| ‘Servants’. (1) Capitalised = all employees of the V.O.C.; (2) not capitalised see ‘Lent*’ |
| Seymour (English). 439 (taken by French), 440 |
| Shad. Pomatomus saltator. 136, 483 |
| |
| |
| Shallop (Dutch chaloep, etc., German schalup, etc., French chialoupe; but both in Dutch and English there is confusion between two meanings of ‘sloops’, ‘sloepen’, (a) large, heavy boats with fore-and-aft or lug-sails, perhaps carrying guns, (b) ~, ship's boats, rowed or sailed, smaller than longboat*, larger than skiff*). 13.3.55 (52 × 15 × 6 feet, definitely (a) therefore, as also DR 4.9.55, ‘16 or 17 lasten*’; 7.1.58 Peguyn*); and probably 39 (‘Biscayan sloepen’ for whaling). 21.9.65, 10.12.66, 26.8.70, 7.3.71, 16.3.71, 15.6.83, 10, 11, 42, 55, 76, 78, 97, 107, 110, 165, 176, 178, 187, 192, 195, 196, 258, 262, 272, 274, 279, 297, 302, 328, 336, 337, 342, 346, 358, 359, 361, 362, 363, 368, 386, 404, 409, 410, 414 - all are (b); but 368, 416, and 425 (in DR as ‘Brigantine’) are the larger (a). |
| Shark, Carcharodon carcharias. 271 |
| Shearwater, Great Grey, Adamastor cinereus. 133 (‘Blaue Moeben’) |
| Sheathing. From Capt. Smith: ‘which is as casing the Hull vnder water with Tar, and Hair, close couered ouer within thin boards fast nailed to the Hull’ (against ‘Wormes’). |
| Sheep: references to barter and to Hottentot cloaks, and caps are omitted, 14.5.53, 14.10.72, 14.3.88, 25.10.88, 28.3.02, 13, 15, 26 (put on Robben Island), 35, 39, 57, 103, 119, 148, 160, 166 (page 4, on Robben Island, page 5, ditto, 208 lb., tail 20 lb., page 15), 174 (page 135, Gonnema's ~ seized), 191, 204, 212, 213, 214, 217, 222, 228, 236, 241, 243, 247, 251, 253, 255, 257, 258, 266, 270, 282, 289, 290, 295, 297, 300, 303, 309, 313, 331, 343, 381, 394, 403, 408, 413, 415, 416, 423, 442, 448, 452, 460, 462, 464, 466, 475, 482, 487. Many of those shown, as also in BVR, are to the absence of wool (although Luillier, 475, oddly writes of their ‘long wool’) and to the heavy tails, Keeling (BVR 35) claiming the record of 35 lb. |
| Shetland Isles. 21.10.88 (‘Hitland’), 106, 107, 180 |
| ‘Shore-swallows’ (not identified). 204 (‘birds of prey’) |
| ‘Shrosberrie’ (English, ? Shrewsbury). 386 |
| Siam and Siamese. 1.6.85, 13.3.86, 11.5.86, 21.5.86, 6.6.86, 11.6.87, 10.4.88, 17.4.88, 21.4.88, 23.4.88, 30.4.88, 18.5.88, 20.5.88, 4, 43, 235, 261, 264, 265, 267, 268, 270, 271, 274, 279, 294-297, 299, 301, 303, 305, 308, 314, 315, 317, 321, 322, 323, 329, 330, 338, 342, 352, 353, 358, 398, 454 |
| Sibois see Cibois |
| ‘Sick-Comforter’: the best English translation is ‘Lay-reader’, since his duties both on board and ashore included the reading of prayers and of sermons (but not preaching in his own words) as well as sick-visiting. 40-42 |
| Sidney (English). 11.1.97, 16.1.97, 1.2.97, 25.4.98, 2.5.98, 18.4.99, 425, 426, 439, 440, 441, 450, 451 |
| Sillida (N.W. Sumatra: today probably Sibolga). 19.3.81, 221, 336 |
| Sillida (yacht) 13.6.86, 26.4.88, 307-311, 339, 343 |
| Silversteyn. 14.5.79, 16.6.82, 11.3.85, 30.3.85, 9.4.88, 16.4.88, 30.4.88, 338, 339, 340, 342, 351, 352 |
| Simond, Revd. Pieter. 19.8.88, 22.8.88, 15.10.88, 17.10.88, 431. (SADB) |
| Simons Bay (False Bay). Plate 51 |
| ‘Singelde’ (English). 454 |
| Sion see Zion |
| Sirjansland (Sarjansland). 12.6.93, 19.5.99, 1.7.99, 454 |
| Siskin, Crithagra sp. 134 |
| Skiff (Dutch schuyt, German ditto, French canot): the smallest of the boats carried by a ship, rowed or sailed. 30.9.56, 17.1.58, 20.9.65, 24.7.73, 5.1.88, 26.4.88, 18.5.88, 20.8.88, 12.10.88, 26.4.89, 24.5.97, 28.12.99, 30.12.99, 27, 39, 42, 157, 165, 247, 248 (‘land-skiff’, i.e., one in local service under the Equipagie-meester, not belonging to any ship), 360, 361, 468, 469, 470 |
| Skipjack, Pomatomus saltator. 136 |
| ‘S.L.’, ‘A Relation of several Voyages made into the East Indies by C. Fryke and C. Schewitzer [sic]’, London 1700. 182, 184, 229, 231, 258, 259 |
| Slaughterhouse. 154, 202, 346, 409. Plate 28 |
| Slaves. 2.4.54, 12.3.55, 28.4.55, 28.3.58, 14.10.72, 22.5.76, 29.11.76, 30.11.76, 11.5.83, 24.1.88, 19.10.88, 26.12.88, 1.8.96, 1.7.99, 30.12.99, 28.3.02, 26 (error of date), 139, 165, 194, 196, 217, 242, 243, 244, 276, 279, 303, 304, 310, 382, 389, 404, 411, 431 (prices), 438, 450, 451, 461, 466, 467, 480. Also DR 6.5.58 (225 ~ arrived from Guinea), 9.5.58 (sold to freemen), 28.8.56 (28 fugitive ~), 30.5.58 (now 98 Company's, 89 private ~, sufficient), 21.5.59 (some ~ freed of shackles and armed against Caepmans), letter to Holland 18.5.78 (125 Company's ~ died last year in epidemic). |
| Slavehouse. 28.7.79, 276, 480. Also letter to Holland 23.11.79, new ~ in use. Plate 28 |
| Sloop see Shallop |
| Slopeend, Spatula capensis. 133 (‘Schloben’) |
| Slot Honingen (Schlott van Honningen). 11.3.65, 22.4.65, 62, 79 |
| Smient, Dircq Jansen (Ensign to Captain). 29.4.73, 1.11.76, 19.11.76, 166 (page 15, mentioned as Ensign), 190 (unnamed), 191 (ditto) |
Smith, C.A., ‘Common names of South African Plants’, Pretoria 1966
ditto J.L.B., ‘Sea Fishes of Southern Africa,’ Cape Town 1961.
ditto, Capt. John, ‘A Sea Grammar,’ London 1627 |
| Smuggling. 146, 255, 257, 400, 402, 409. Also DR 22.9.54 (prohibition of sale of brandy from ships), 30.12.75 (ditto, and of tobacco), Resolutions 1.3.81 (~ of tobacco cannot be prevented) |
| Snakes (usually casual mentions, unidentifiable). 85, 91, 124, 166 (page 10, five ells long, page 15), 174 (page 91, mentioned on Robben Island; page 105), 213, 228, 260, 292 (horned ~, ‘Ceraste’, probably Bitis cornuta), 478 |
| Snipe, Rostratula bengalensis, Capella sp. 134, 482 |
| Soetendal, 21.3.70, 1.4.70 |
| Soldaat (frigate, 63 men). 12.11.96, 1.7.97, 1.6.98, 422 |
| Soleil de l'Orient. 22.5.79, 220, 221 |
| Soles, Austroglossus pectoralis. 284, 302, 483 |
| Sonderend River, (34o05, etc., Worcester 3119 sheet). 21.10.88. Plate 39 |
| Sonnerat, P., ‘Voyage ...’, Paris 1806 (first edn. 1782) |
| Sorrel (common indigenous, Oxalis pes-caprae, trifoliate like ‘clover’; indigenous Wood- ~, Rumex sp.) 24.10.99, 38. Also DR 19.6.52 (‘found another kind of ~ very similar to the Dutch ~ and much better than the common clover- ~), 19.10.52 (Cape ~ to be sown). See also many references in BVR as cure for scurvy. |
| South, Thomas. 414-421 |
| Spaan, G. van, ‘Gelukzoeker’ (in ‘Schermschool der Huisleden’, Amsterdam 1752. 136 |
| Spain and Spanish. 20.8.02, 9, 279, 281, 400, 458 |
| Spanbroek (small flute). 9.3.71, 2.5.74, 3.6.74, 2.3.76, 18.3.76, 156, 157, 175, 180 |
| Sparen. 27.5.94 |
| Sparendam (yacht, also flute, 170-184 men). 26.8.63, 2.4.69, 13.4.69, 2.3.71, 7.3.71, 10.3.71, 23.3.72, 12.3.76 75, 78, 141, ? 155 (unnamed), 157, 164, 185 |
| Sparrman, A., ‘Voyage ...’, London 1786 from Swedish. 138 |
| Sparrow, Passer melanurus. 134 (‘neat nests on twigs’ are abandoned weaver-bird nests), 483 (‘many sorts of ~’) |
| |
| |
| Speck, Spanischer 227 = Canteloup melon, ‘Spaanspek’ in Afrikaans today |
| Speedy Return (English). 15.1.02 |
| Spiegel. 24.2.99, 448 (unnamed) |
| ‘Spiegelschip’. Dutch term used for the standard East-Indiamen, emphasizing the high, ornamented, square stern (in contrast with the round-sterned Flute*, etc.). The standard rig was bowsprit with spritsail and spritsail-topsail, Dutch and German ‘Blinden’ (see e.g., Plate 4, the latter furled), foremast (Fokkemast, Fockmast, French confusingly ‘Misaine’; and French ‘Foc’ is a triangular sail from foremast to bowsprit, not normal in the ~ rig), with course (foresail) and foretopsail (and perhaps, especially later, fore-topgallant sail); mainmast (Grootmast, Grossmast, Grand-mât) with course (mainsail), maintopsail, and perhaps main-topgallant sail; mizzen (Besaan, Besan, Artimon). In earlier days this last was short, with a smallish lateen-yard and sail: later it was as high as the foremast, with long lateenyard and large sail, and perhaps a mizzen-topsail. (Later again, as in the Plates in Heydt, only the upper part of this yard carried canvas, so that a gaff would have sufficed; but the long yard was retained, chiefly as being a useful spare spar.) For an exhaustive list of spars, sails, ropes, etc. see Tappen (153ff). See also Plates 4, 10, 12, 25, 29, etc. |
| Spierdyk (yacht, 800 tons). 16.6.86, 20.3.87, 20.5.87, 23.4.88, 9.5.88, 30.6.89, 8.6.99, 310, 314, 338, 343, 410, 452 (unnamed) |
| Spilbergen, Joris van (Cape 1801, see BVR). 157, 479. SADB Vol. I |
| Spinach (introduced). 253. Also DR 20.7.52 (growing well) |
| Spoonbill, Platalea alba. 483 |
| Springbok, Antidorcas marsupialis. ? 284, ? 297 |
| Stad Ceuelen. 22.1.99, 25.1.99, 7.2.99, 446 (unnamed) |
| Stadt Grave see Grave |
| Standvastigheyt. 1.7.97 |
| Starling, Spreo bicolor. 134 |
| ‘Starling-gulls’, ? Sterretje, Larus hartlaubii. 133 |
| Starmeer (Stermeer, Stormer). 20.4.73, 11.5.73, 168 |
| ‘Start’, to: anchor started = broke loose from ground. 368 |
| Stavenisse (and see Centaurus): wrecked some 90 miles south of Durban in February 1686. Many of the crew set out for the Cape by land: others, together with the survivors of the crews of the wrecked English Bona Ventura and Good Hope, built a small vessel and in her reached Table Bay (DR 1.3.1687). This, taken over by the Company and named Centaurus, collected 19 of the land-party, most of the rest having died (Despatch to Holland 26.4.1688). Noord rescued two others, the bos'un Adriaans Jans and a boy, and brought them to the Cape (Despatch to Holland 15.9.1689). (In a second voyage Noord rescued more survivors, but was herself wrecked on the way to the Cape.) The bos'un's report is in the Hague Archives 4006, reproduced also in Godee-Molsbergen ‘Reizen in Zuid-Afrika, Derde Deel’, Linschoten Vereeniging XX, 's Gravenhage 1922, pp. 59-68: it is not ‘the log’ as in Langhansz, but the report made by the bos'un and forwarded to Holland, nor did he arrive ‘alone’, as mentioned above. 19.4.85, 4.5.85, 1.3.87, 10.11.87, 19.2.88, 31.8.88, 314, 405, 406 (details incorrect, see above). Also letter to Holland 24.5.90 (rescue of ‘the residue’ by Noord, her wreck, 18 tried to come by land, only 4 arrived). |
| Stavorinus, J.S., ‘Reize van Zeeland ...’, Leiden 1793 |
| Staysails: triangular sails set on the stays supporting the masts. 422 |
| Steenbergen (about 34o05, 15o25, Cape Town sheet). 16.7.85, 214, 337, 338. Plate 51 |
| Steenbok, Raphicerus campestris. 49, 76, 82 (? as ‘Steendassen’ in error), 90, 122, 137, 164, 209, 213, 482 |
| Steenbrassen (Bream, L. lithognatus). 136 (‘Steinbeissen’), 192, 409, 483 |
| Stel, Frans van der. 26.1.86 (unnamed), 420, 422. ? 1668-1718. (SADB) |
| Stel, Simon van der. 12.10.79 and passim to 22.1.99,, 14.10.99, 214-216, 220, 222, 226, 230, 231, 247, 253, 255, 262, 266, 268, 270, 274, 275, 277, 278, 281, 287, 290, 291, 299, 300-304, 306, 315, 323, 324, 327, 329, 330, 331, 343, 346, 353, 358, 360, 363-366, 385-390, 413, 416, 418, 420, 421, 422, 425, 442, 463, 480 (‘Adrian’ in error). 1639-1712. SADB, Vol. I. And see Böeseken, A.J., ‘~ en sy Kinder ...’, Cape Town, 1964 |
| Stel, Wilhelm Adriaan van der. 22.1.99 and passim to end, 446, 447, 454, 464-472, 480 (error for ‘Simon’), 481, 491. (SADB) |
| Stellenbosch. 3.11.79, 20.3.81 (8 families), 16.7.85, 11.6.87, 14.6.87, 10.10.87, 3.2.88, 16.10.88, 17.10.88, 18.10.88, 26.12.88, 7.5.95, 10.5.95, 214, 269, 285, 480 |
| Sterthemius, Pieter. 3.4.55, 7.4.55, 15.4.55, 12.3.60, 20.8.60, 32, 34, 38, 39, 58, 65 (unnamed), 67 (ditto) |
| ‘Stevens Colonie’ (on Liesbeek R.). 12-13.3.57 |
| Sticht Utrecht (Stifft Utrecht). 18.3.70, 1.2.71, 24.2.71, 17.3.72, 4.5.76, 22.5.76, 143, 144, 154, 164, 182, 185 |
| Sticks (Hottentots) see Kirri, Rakum |
| Stiver. 1/48 Rxd., or say 1d. |
| Stout, B., ‘Narrative ...’, London 1798 |
| Stowaways. 24.1.68, 3.7.89, 23.10.93, 22.10.96, 15.12.96, 165, 208, 385, 419, 466. Also DR 30.5.58 (accounts of 31 ~ homeward closed: ‘This desertion takes place every year’), 11.11.58 (recently 12: freemen forbidden to go on board any ships), 23.1.59 (in English ships), 27.5.59 (listed 10 freemen, 6 Servants of the Company, 3 convicts, sent back from S. Helena), 7.1.60 (death of woman ~ outward as ‘soldier’), 22.3.60 (8 Servants, 4 ‘lent*’), 30.4.60 (accounts closed of 20 Servants, 18 freemen and ‘lent’, 3 convicts), 2.3.61 (10 from Batavia sent back there), Resolutions 12.4.61 (5 Servants, 8 freemen and ‘lent’, 1 convict brought back from S. Helena), DR 25.3.68 (woman ~ as soldier discovered on arrival outwards), 2.2.73 (another, asked for and married to freeman). Many other references both outwards and homewards: see note in BVR Index |
| ‘Strandlopertje’, Charadrius sp. 134 |
| Strangman, Edward, ‘Early French Callers at the Cape’, Cape Town 1936. 29, 30, 261, 264, 271, 295, 305, 322, 352, 353, 374 |
| Stratton, Capt. 450, 451 |
| Struys, Johan, ‘Drie Aenmerkelige en seer rampsoedige Reysen ...’, Amsterdam 1676. 167-171 |
| Struys Bay. 24.3.87, 3.4.87, 315 (as Vlees Bay) |
| Stryen. 6.6.83, 6.7.83, 246 (‘Huys te ~’), 248 |
| Stumpnose, Rhabdosargus tricuspidens. 136 |
| ‘Style’. The year of the Julian Calendar was .0078 days too long. Pope Gregory by Bull of March 1582 ordered that Centuries should not be Leap Years unless divisible by 400, but there was already 10 days of error. The change, and omission of the ten days, was at once adopted in most of Italy, Portugal, Spain; and in 1583 by the Roman Catholic States of Germany, in 1700 by the Protestant ones as also Denmark, Sweden. England did not make the change until 1751, when the error was eleven days (Russia not until 1917); and at the same time the year was started on January 1st. instead of on March 25th. as until then. |
| |
| |
| Success (English ship taken by French). 439, 440 |
| Sugar-beer. 402. According to Mentzel (11 141) made from bran, jaggery (palm-sugar from the East Indies), hops, yeast and a little ordinary beer. Its sale was in theory reserved to certain needy widows (e.g., DR 31.12.87). |
| Sugarbird, Promerops cafer. 135 (tail ⅜ ell) |
| Sugar Loaf see Lion's Head |
| Suidbeveland (Z. Beveland). 19.8.88, 7.9.88, 12.10.88, 30.6.89 |
| Sumatra (and see Pulo Chinco, Sillida). 18.11.76, 8.6.86, 1.7.86, 29.3.87, 214, 226, 337, 371 |
| Sumatra. 4.2.76 (unnamed), 18.3.76 (ditto), 20.2.80, 19.3.81, 7.4.81, 180, 221, 226, 227, 228 |
| Sunbird, Malachite ~, Nectarinia famosa; Lesser Double-collard ~ Notiocinnyris chalybeus. 134 |
| Sunda Strait. 15.2.82, 30.3.88, 168, 246, 248, 336, 338, 340, 343, 410, 471 |
| Surat. 20.9.65, 22.5.79, 5.2.83, 13.4.85, 18.4.85, 17.1.88, 18.4.88, 3.10.88, 27.5.92, 7.5.94, 29.9.96, 35, 46, 62, 102, 141, 252, 265, 353, 358, 389, 392, 410, 439, 440, 441, 471 |
| Surat Merchant. 26.10.80, 253 |
| Susannah (English). 31.5.83, 8.6.83, 245, 246, 247 (unnamed). |
| Swaag see Swangh |
| Swaantje see Vliegende Swaan |
| Swaenenburg (flute). 164 |
| Swangh (Swaag, flute, 49 men). 1.7.96, 1.7.99 |
| Swarte Leeuw (frigate, yacht: previously French Droite, captured). 22.1.91, 1.7.94, 1.7.95, 1.7.96, 24.5.97, 376, 390 (unnamed), 416 (ditto), 418 (ditto), 422 (ditto). At Cape as convalescent depot, irreparable, to be sunk as mole-battery but wrecked 24.5.97. |
| Swarte Vos (galliot). 18.1.53, 4, 5 (unnamed). Also DR 5.6.53 (to Persia). |
| Sweet Potatoes. 212, 351, 403, 409 |
| Swemmer (hooker, 17 men). 20.3.70, 24.3.70, 144 |
| Swift (English). 10.4.99, 450, 451 |
| Swordfish, Xiphias gladius see Enemies*, 250 |
| Swordfish (? error for Posthoorn). 236 |
|
| ‘Table-cloth’: the saying appears here in 46. 11, 14, 33, 46, 65, 79, 87, 146, 166 (pages 16, 17, and storms), 189, 421. See also Rechteren, Mundy in BVR; and many later writers, e.g., Dapper 637, Kolbe 70, 311, 312, 314, Valentyn X 7, Barchewitz 18, Heydt 338, Philips 250, Pagès (1782) 136, Le Vaillant (1790) 32, 33, St. Pierre 29, Mentzel II 144, Thunberg I 227 (‘like a periwig’), Degrandpré II 86, 236, Jong II 83, Percival 128, 129 (‘The Devil is going to dinner’), Cordiner 41. |
Table Mountain (and see Lake* on ~). Passim, and in BVR. Height officially 3,549 feet; 23 (two German miles), 174 (page 95, 7,500 paces), 210 (3,575 feet, surprisingly accurate), 228 (1,350 feet, hearsay). Earlier estimates are equally incorrect: BVR 97 (11,833 feet), 118 (11,860 feet), etc.
Ascents: first recorded 1503, BVR 8, 5, 40-42, 86-91, 142 (‘cannot be climbed’), 188, 189 (partial), 208-210, 216, 217, 324-326, 333, 339 (partial), 477, 478. Also DR 29.9.82 (eleven men). All the ~ are by the Platteklip* Gorge, always unnamed, as are also most of those in later writers, though Percival (127-133) climbed it three times by three different routes, and adds that it is ‘climbed by every visitor’.
See also Luckhoff, C.A., ‘Table Mountain ...’, Cape Town 1951 |
| Tachard, Father Guy, ‘Voyage de Siam ...’, Paris 1686, ‘Second Voyage ...’, Paris 1689. 21.4.88, 23.4.88, 271-294, 301, 305, 306, 322-330, 352, 370, 373. Plates 33-43, 48-50 |
| ‘Tallow’. See the Dutch text, 482, sentence not understood. |
| Tamboer (Dutch frigate, yacht, etc., 116 men). 1.7.94, 19.2.99, 2.4.99, 448 (unnamed), 450 (ditto), 451 (? as ‘Brigantine’) |
| Tannen (or Camen). 18.5.88, 30.5.88, 2.6.88, 3.6.88 |
| Tappen, David, ‘Funftzehen-Jàhrige ... Reise-Beschreibung ...,’ Hannover and Wolfenbüttel, 1704. 110-114, 117, 138, 236-242 |
| Tarnaten see Ternaten |
| ‘Tauquets’ (birds, not identified). 250 |
| Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, ‘De Zes Reisen ...’, Amsterdam 1682: also London 1889, 1925, Harris I, Prévost XIII. 67, 68, 70, 71, 216. Plates 15, 16 |
| Tea. 192, 199, 267, 276, 279, 317, 387, 401, 448 |
| Tenerife. 111, 165, 182, 471, 477 |
| Ten Rhyne, Wilhelm. ‘Schediasma ...’, Schaffhausen 1686. 174, 226. Born Deventer ca 1640: to Java 1673 as Surgeon: there and voyage to Japan. Badly trs. in Churchill: trs. Schapera with invaluable notes. |
| Ter Eemden. 20.8.02 |
| Ternate (place). 252 |
| Ternaten (Tarnaten). 11.4.69, 25.3.72, 15.10.73, 8.11.73, 4.2.70 (unnamed), 18.3.76 (ditto), 17.9.77, 20.9.77, 30.9.77, 27.9.81, 16.10.81, 141, 164, 174, 180, 197, 198, 206, 229-231 |
| Terry, Edward see in BVR |
| Ter Veer see Wapen van Ter Veer |
| Tertholen. 20.2.80 |
Testicles (Hottentot). 19, 56, 63, 68, 113, 124, 125, 147, 166 (page 20, left, 8 weeks age, ‘one eye better shot’), 174 (page 143, one, at birth, agility, birthcontrol), 183, 217, 233, 289, 309, 321, 347, 395, 396, 406, 433, 484. It will be noted that there is a general increase in the age at which the operation is said to be performed, from birth or childhood, BVR 122, 141, 175, 179, 19, 68, 113, 166 (page 20), 174 (page 143), 433, 484; through boyhood, 56, 63, 124, 125, 183, 217, 233, 289, 347, 395, 396, 406; to ‘at marriage’ 147 (though unreliable). After about 1700 greater ages are quoted, as in Kolbe 420, 421: Maxwell 51 has it as a pre-requisite to marriage, because (Valentyn X 103) insisted on by women (cf. the vague ‘propres aux femmes’, 321) perhaps from a fear of twins (Kolbe 424, Salmon 102, Schomburg 340, etc.) After about 1750 it is often stated that the practice had died out at the Cape, though it might or did persist inland: Sparrman I 182, Mentzel III 281, Le Vaillant (1790) 293, (1796) II 5, etc. The most usual other reason given for it is an increase of agility, 19, 68, 125, 174 (page 143), 183, 217, 347, 483, 484; also BVR 179 and later writers, e.g., Valentyn X 103, Buttner 128-130, Percival 84. Other reasons quoted are birth-control, BVR 123, 56, 113, 124, 125, 174 (page 143), 347, 395, 396, 406, and later writers, e.g., Buttner 128-130; to breed more daughters,
Beeckman (in Pinkerton XI 142), Cossigny 25 - or less such, Valentyn X 103.
The operation is described fully by Kolbe 404, 422, 423, Buttner 128-130: Le Vaillant (1796) contradicts Kolbe, but himself gives no descriptions of the ‘two methods’ he mentions. |
| Texel (channel south of ~ island). Passim in documents, 9, 48, 108, 110, 141, 143, 156, 157, 160, 178, 180, 182, 185, 197, 211, 226, 252, 316, 374, 376, 401, 410, 411, 477 |
| Thames. 29.10.86, 25.7.89, 6.9.99, 141 |
| Thevenot, M., ‘Relations de divers Voyages curieux ...’ (Vol. I only, for Beaulieu), Paris 1666. Royal Librarian, one of founders of the Académie Française. 1620-1692. 324, 325, 326 |
| |
| |
| Thomas, Pascoe, ‘Journal of a Voyage ...’ (with Anson), London 1755 |
| Thrush see s.v. Blackbird |
| Thunberg, C.P., ‘Travels ...’, London 1795, 6 from Swedish |
| ‘Tibbesas’ (119) see s.v. Hottentots, Cattle |
| Tidor. 25.3.72, 18.4.76, 28.4.76, 20.2.80, 6.6.83, 164, 182, 184, 246, 248, 251 |
| ‘Tiger’ (Leopard), Panthera pardus melanotica (and cf. Leopard). 17.6.56, 15, 16, 29, 34, 56, 70, 71, 86, 91, 113, 138, 141, 148, 161, 164, 166 (page 11, at Salt R.; page 15; page 22, skins bartered), 184, 191, 205, 209, 213, 228,, 239, 241, 268, 270, 282, 284, 297, 300, 306, 394, 407, 408, 429, 430, 431, 462, 478, 481 |
| Tiger (‘English ~’). 9.1.97, 11.1.97, 1.2.97, 425, 426 |
| Tigerberg. 26.10.88, 161, 479. About 33o52, 18o35, Cape Town 1: 250,000 sheet. Plate 24 |
| Tiger-bushcat see s.v. Cat |
| Timor. 307, 471 |
| ‘Tiorba’: Theorbo, large double-necked bass lute. 194, 196 |
| Tobacco and Pipes see Hottentots, ~ |
| Tommers Wall. 10.11.78 |
| Tonquin. 299, 301, 305 |
| Tonquin (English). 3.10.88, 5.10.88, 12.10.88, 13.10.88 |
| Topshells see Periwinkles |
| Torbay. 8.4.99, 12.4.99, 226 |
| ‘Torpedo’ (fish) see Drilvis |
| Tortoises (too vague for identification). 8, 16, 22, 56, 71, 128, 166 (page 15), 174 (page 121, eaten by Hottentots, shells as cups, shells bartered), 203, 233, 482 |
| Town. 18.5.56, 26.8.66, 24.9.66 (16 freemen in ~), 16.7.85 (80 families), 1.8.96 (~ watch formed), 49, 68, 70, 79, 94, 102, 161, 190, 212 (70 or 80 houses), 227 (60 or 70 freemen), 228, 246, 255, 258, 266, 269 (more than 100 houses), 276, 282, 296 (about 100), 309, 330, 350, 381, 382 (Inns), 397 (more than 500 people), 399, 402, 403 (Inns), 423, 428 (about 300 houses, many Inns [sic]), 479. Also DR 10.10.57 (‘leave given to the Serjeant ... to keep a lodginghouse to accommodate the men from passing ships’), 17.12.57 (Chief Surgeon allowed private practice, and to keep a ‘dry-tavern’), 26-27.8.59 (‘some shops’ allowed to open, prices fixed), Resolutions 7.12.59 (two cooks freed to be bakers, with monopoly of sale of bread, and allowd to sell food, but not drinks since the 2 taverns in town and one at Salt River suffice), 27.1.60 (‘all the Company's buildings to be roofed with tiles, removing the thatch’), 2.1.63 (all houses to be plastered with lime), 30.11.63 (Sick-Comforter* running paid school), Resolutions 29.7.64 (now 2 taverns in ~), 11.9.86 (night-watchmen, tax on householders to pay them). Plates 17, 28 |
| Towr van London (Touwr ~) see Berkley Castle |
| Trade with Hottentots, illegal. 21.2.57, 17.11.79, 11, 62, 63, 97, 148, 234, 235, 282, 384, 436. Also DR 6.11.57 (entirely prohibited), 4.9.58 (~ in trifles allowed), 24.10.58 (~ of cattle prohibited), 24.11.61 (ditto), 9.11.77 (ditto), 4.12.77 (ditto), 19.10.91 (ditto), 20.7.93 (ditto), 17.2.00 (allowed by orders of XVII), 27.10.02 (this abused, force used on Hottentots - later re-prohibited). |
| Tranquebar. 4.4.98, 21.3.02, 7.4.02 |
| ‘Trie’, lie at a: in storm, helm lashed hard over, just enough balanced canvas to keep ship's head to wind. 307 |
| Trill-fish see Drilvis |
| Trombas, trompas, Ecklonia buccinalis. 6.3.54, 27, 75, 143, 174 (page 91, ‘drombassen’, hinder boats), 187, 226, 255, 265, 271, 401, 471. See also in BVR. |
| Trumpets. 13, 214, 215, 243, 248, 291 |
| ‘Trusch-fisch’: apparently Pilot-fish is meant, Naucrates ductor, but this attends sharks, not whales. 250 |
| Tulp (galliot). 10.4.55, 38 (unnamed), 40. Also DR 8.7.55 (again horses from S. Helena), 31.3.57 (mentioned as wrecked near Madagascar) |
| Tunny (‘Sea-pig’), Thunnus thynnus. 187, 250 |
| Turnips (introduced). 9, 46, 79, 161, 228, 232, 237, 243, 466, 481. Also DR 20.7.52 (growing well) |
| Turtledove, Streptopelia capicola. 27, 134, 268, 270, 430 |
| Tyrrell, John. 255, 256, 257. Plate 31 |
|
| Ubiquas see Obiquas |
| Ulisses (flute). 21.3.59, 31.3.59 |
| Unie. 11.4.98, 5.5.98, 13.2.99, 20.3.99; 442 (unnamed), 448 (unnamed) |
| Unrust Island (near Batavia, today Pulu Kapal). 343. Schouten's ship (his page 103) repaired there, also in Langhansz 607, 608 and described by Heydt 103, with Plates. |
| Utrecht see Stigt Utrecht |
|
| Val, Petrus du (‘Viaggi di Pietro della Valle’, 1663, also trs. by Hakluyt Society 1892). 199, 227 |
| Valentyn, François, ‘Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien ...,’ Dordrecht and Amsterdam 1724: all references are to his Vol. I except where marked as ‘X’. 68, 79, 172, 175, 219, 236, 243, 246, 316, 336, 340; X 115, 184, 301 |
| Valkenier, Wouter. 25.1.1700 |
| Vaudricourt, de l'Aulnay de. 11.6.87, 21.11.88, 271, 322, 323, 324, 329, 352, 353 |
| Veenmol (little flute). 3.1.97, 29.1.97, 425. Also letter to Holland 8.3.98 (taken by French). |
| Velho, ‘Roteiro’ (Vasco da Gama) see in BVR |
| ‘Velvet-sleeves’ see Cape Gannet |
| Venhuysen. 12.2.99, 14.1.01, 471 (‘Vanheusen’) |
| Verburg, Nicolaus (Director-General). 180, 185 |
| Verburgh, Frederick (Secunde*). 40 |
| Verdonk, Capt. 4.3.79, 208 |
| Vereenigde Provintien (Provintie). 3.4.55, 15.4.55, 32, 33, 34, 39, 40, 42 |
| Vergelen (about 34o05, 18o55, Cape Town 1:250,000 sheet, as ‘Camphor Trees’). 25.1.1700, 481 |
| Vergulde Draek see Draek |
| Vergulde Pelikaan 315, error for Providence |
| Vermeulen, Gerrit, ‘Merkwaerdige Voyagie ...’, Amsterdam 1677. 111-114, 175-179 |
| Versailles. 199, 266, 267 |
| Vigita (Vigit) Magna. Legendary river in N.W., perhaps Orange. 216 |
| Vines and Vineyards. 21.8.58, 26.8.58, 13.9.60, 13.8.64, 14.6.69, 28.3.02, 14, 82, 97, 139, 146, 191, 192, 208, 212, 228, 232, 243, 262, 282, 306, 343, 381, 382, 394, 397, 403, 428, 429, 461. Also Resolutions 8.5.50 (neglect of agriculture at Stellenbosch in favour of ~, counter-orders), letter to Holland 30.6.97 (now 1,360,200 vines) |
| Vine (pink, Wyngaard). 30.12.99 (in item 99), 31.12.99 (ditto), 2.1.00 (ditto), 26.1.00, 467, 469, 470 |
| Vlaardinge (yacht). 2.4.69, 16.4.69, 141 |
| Vlees Bay. 315, error for Struys Bay |
| Vlie: old channel Zuidersee - North Sea between Terschelling and Vlieland Islands. 18.3.55, 28.3.58, 16.3.59, 22.3.59, 5.10.59, 10.4.65, 1.4.70, 10, 45, 53, 55, 106, 340 |
| Vliegende Swaan(tie) (little flute, hooker, galliot, yacht). 17.3.72, 30.11.72, 9.12.72, 13.12.72, 5.3.73, 24.7.73, 26.2.75, 164, 172 (unnamed) |
| Vlielandt. 15.8.54 |
| Vlissingen. 25.4.69, 4.3.82, 17.10.96, 8.11.96, 3.1.97, 438, 458 |
| Voetboog. 11.7.89, 12.7.89, 367 (unnamed), 368 (ditto) |
| Vogel, Johann Wilhelm, ‘Ost-Indianische Reise-Be- |
| |
| |
| schreibung ...’, Hamburg 1716 (fuller than his ‘Diarium ...’, Frankfurt and Gotha 1690). 211-221, 336-340 |
| Vogel Phenics see Phenix |
| Voorhout (yacht). 1.1.76, 12.1.76, 22.5.76, 29.11.76, 165, 180, 185, 194 |
| Voorschoten (flute). 17.5.85, 16.6.85, 19.3.87, 20.5.87, 15.4.88, 18.4.88, 24.4.88, 8.5.88, 314 |
| Voorsigtigheid. 26.3.72, 24.4.72, 22.5.76, 17.9.77, 19.9.77, 1.10.77, 164, 185 |
| Vosmaar. 17.10.96, 22.10.96, 3.11.96, 13.2.99, 14.2.99, 20.3.99, 26.7.02, 8.8.02, 414, 418, 419, 477 |
| Vries, Simon de, ‘Drie ... Reisen ...’, Utrecht 1694. 182, 226, 229 |
| VRS = Van Riebeeck Society, Cape Town. |
| Vrye Zee. 1.2.71, 24.2.71, 13.4.72, 12.10.79, 164, 222 |
| Vryheit. 25.8.69, 6.3.71, 22.3.71, 30.11.72, 13.12.72, 17.11.76, 18.11.76, 8.12.76, 24.3.82, 25.3.82, 6.4.82, 29.4.82, 27.11.83, 30.3.85, 155, 156, 187-196, 236, 242, 253, 311 |
| Vulture: Cape, Gyps coprotheres, Egyptian, Neophron percnopterus. 135 |
| Vulture (fireship). 9.1.97, 11.1.97, 425 (‘Wulter’), 426 |
|
| Waalstrom. 29.3.88, 33.3.88, 30.4.88, 27.5.94, 30.12.99 (in item 99), 336, 337, 339, 340, 342, 351, 352, 401, 468 (unnamed). Also DR 6.12.99 (arrived in bad state after 3 months repairing storm damage at Mayotte Islands), 27.2.00 (irreparable, to be broken up) |
| Waddinxveen. 24.5.97 |
| Wagenaer (Wagner), Zacharias. 2.4.62 and passim to 29.6.66 (sailed), 76, 77 |
| Walcheren. 11.3.65, 22.4.65, 79 |
| Walckenaer, C.A., ‘Collection ... de Voyages ...’, Paris 1842 |
| Walvis. 2.3.53, 10.4.53, 17.4.53, 8.4.60 |
| Walvis Rock (usually unnamed), 23 (named), 262, 265, 272, 308, 454 (‘the Elevens’). Plates 24, 45 |
Wapen van Alkmaar see Alkmaar
ditto. Amsterdam. 18.3.55, 31.3.55, 33 (unnamed), 34, 62
ditto der Gouw see Gouda (160, 161)
ditto der Goes see Wapen van der Goes
ditto Holland. 22.2.55, 62
ditto Hoorn (flute). 11.3.65, 12.3.65, 22.4.65, 24.12.67, 24.1.68, 1.2.71, 24.2.71, 79, 102, 106
ditto Rotterdam. 30.3.72, 164 (‘Nieuw Rotterdam’)
ditto Sierikzee see Zierikzee
ditto ter Goes (cf. Der Goes). 25.4.69, 12.5.69, 26.3.72, 164
ditto terVeer.6.3.71, 22.3.71, 20.4.73, 11.5.73, 156, 168, 170, 171, 173
ditto Zeeland. 26.3.72 |
| Warden, R., ‘Journal ...’, QB 1953 |
| Warp, to: move a ship by carrying out an anchor (‘~ anchor’) in a boat, in the desired direction, dropping it, and winding the ship up to it: e.g., 368, 445 |
| Warren, Thomas. 16.6.99, 1.7.99, 467, 469, 470 |
| Watches: based chiefly on Graaf's ‘Oost-Indische Spiegel’. (1) ‘Platvoet’ of 1½ hours, 18.30 (‘Sunset’ arbitrarily) to 20.00; (2) ‘First’ to 2400; (3) ‘Dog’ (‘Hondewagt’, as also Saar, page 13) to 0400; (4) ‘Day’ to 0800, then Prayers and breakfast, watch kept by stewards and cooks (or, Mentzel's ‘Life of R.S. Allemann’, VRS 1919, by men detailed from (3) and (4), changing daily); (5) men of (3) now on watch until 1200; (6) Dinner, those of (4) now on watch until 1800; (7) Prayers, then short watch to 1830. (This rotates duties whether crew detailed in two or three watches, according to strength.) Confusingly, modern English usage calls (1) and (2) ‘Dog-watches’, although now of two hours each, 1600-1800, 1800-2000. |
| Waterhouse, Gilbert, ed. S. van der Stel 1685 Diary, London 1932. 301 |
Water (Saldanha Bay). 22.1.67, 26.8.70, 20.9.70, 26, 96, 423
ditto (Table Bay): entries marked o refer to its excellence and/or ease in getting it. 20.8.60, 23.8.70, 9.10.79 24.1.83, 29.1.83, 8.2.83, 31.5.83, 8.6.83, 27.2.88, 10.4.88, 21.4.88, 5.10.88, 6.3.02, 8.3.02, 5o, 8, 9, 11o, 27, 39, 40, 42, 46o, 49o, 53, 55o, 62, 65, 67, 76 (new reservoir), 82o, 92, 103 (charged for), 107, 114, 141, 142 (bad!), 144, 156, 166o (page 15, led to beach ‘in stone pipes’ [sic]), 180, 182, 189o, 199o, 210, 219, 222, 228o, 231, 243, 244, 246, 251, 253, 255, 258, 262, 267, 268 (not so good as Brest), 297o, 303, 306, 310, 311, 317, 319, 331, 338, 342o, 346, 351, 353, 401, 410o, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 419, 420, 422, 425, 439, 440, 442, 445, 446, 447, 448, 450, 451, 452, 454, 455, 461o, 464, 466, 467, 472, 474. Also Van Reede's Instructions 1685 (water to be led to jetty), Resolutions 25.2.70, Mostert given contract for brick ~ course. |
| Water-hen (Moorhen), Gallinula chloropsis. 134 |
| ‘Water-lemon’: thus always for Watermelon in early writers, as in Afrikaans today. 2.4.55, 11, 38, 42, 49, 79, 84, 144, 161 (described), 174 (page 167, ‘melonen speciem’), 199, 212, 227, 228, 230, 237, 409, 429. Also DR 29.1.53 (‘coming up beautifully’), 9.10.54 (more land allotted for ~) |
| Waterman. 7.6.99, 11.6.99, 2.4.02, 452, 474 |
| Watermelons see Waterlemons |
| Waveren (33o18, 19o08, Worcester 1:250,000 sheet, as ‘Tulbagh’). 1.3.1700, 31.7.1700 |
| Weesel(tje) (galliot). 8.9.96, 27.10.96, 3.11.96, 6.4.02 24.8.02, 414 (‘hoy’, unnamed), 418 (unnamed), 419 (unnamed). Also frequently in DR 1699, 1700 as in local service to Saldanha Bay, etc. |
| Weijts, Samuel (English). 10.4.88, 11.4.88, 20.4.88 |
| Welker, Philip Theobald (Boekhouder). 187 (unnamed), 195 |
| Werelt, Jacob de. 18.11.76, 190 (Director of Mining), 191-193, 195 |
| Werlinghoff, Frederick Math. van (Mine-Overseer). 1.7.86, 214-216 (with van der Stel 1685, Sumatra 1686) |
| West-Friesland. 62, 68, 171 (English prize) |
| Wester Amstel (flute). 5.4.82, 29.4.82, 19.5.83, 22.6.83, 8-10.7.83, 236, 242, 243, 247, 248 |
| Westerwijk. 314 |
| Westhoven. 1.7.99 |
| Whale: usually mentioned as in Table Bay, Megaptera novae-angliae: if at sea, especially in Spring, Eubalena australis. 17.1.53, 1.3.54, 2.3.54, 3.3.54, 6.3.54, 9, 16, 17 (Hottentots), 29, 39 (whaling a failure), 55, 57, 84 (Hottentots), 85, 86, 103 (Hottentots), 107, 110, 135, 143, 160, 226, 233, 242, 301, 349, 373, 409, 460. Also DR 6.9.88 (dead ~ washed ashore, blubber taken by Hottentots) |
| Wheat. 13.1.53, 16.12.54, 28.12.54, 17.5.56, 11.12.56, 28.3.02, 14, 77, 138, 161, 166 (page 15, abundant), 191, 212 (exported), 228, 232, 237, 262, 282, 297, 331, 372, 380, 382, 394, 409, 429, 461, 475, 480, 481. Also DR 20.7.52 (growing well), 2.10.54 (ditto, but beaten down by wind) |
| Widowbird, Coliuspasser capensis. 134 |
| Wielingen (opening to sea near Vlissingen). 18.3.55, 42 |
| Wig, ‘a long Campaigne ~’: plain, close-fitting, for travel. 420 |
| Wigeon, Anas capensis. 482 |
| Wijting (hooker). 2.4.69, 16.4.69, 141 |
| ‘Wildeböcke’ (? Wildebeest). 137 |
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| |
| ‘Wilhelmus of Nassau’, Netherlands National Anthem, as today. 13 |
| William of Orange (William III of England). 10.11.78, 26.7.02, 168, 172, 173, 422 |
| Wimmenum (Wimmenongen). 15.3.70, 24.3.70 |
| Wind Hill see Devils Peak (e.g., 56 ‘~ or Devils Hill) |
| Windsor. 9.1.97, 11.1.97, 1.2.97, 425, 426 |
| Wine (at Cape). 2.2.59, 16.11.88, 31.12.88, 23.10.93, 28.3.02, 14, 97, 166 (page 15, abundant), 192, 212, 227, 232, 236, 255, 270, 282, 300, 306, 317, 331, 343 (sold as French), 372 (none!), 381, 382, 394, 397, 398, 402, 403, 407, 429, 432, 461, 475, 480, 481. Also DR 20.2.64 (½ aam* from Bosheuvel), letter from Holland 23.10.66 (~ sent, ‘contrary to our expectations’ proved very tasty), Resolutions 26.6.88 (no ~ to be pressed until grapes certified ripe by inspectors) |
| Winkelier. Official responsible for sales to civilians, especially of food, directly or through shops when these were established. |
| Wintergerst, Martin, ‘Der durch Europam lauffende ... Schwabe oder Reise-Beschreibung ...’, Hague 1932 from Memmingen 1712 (Vol. II only). 458-474 |
| Winthondt (yacht). 12.4.53, 14.4.53, 8 |
| Withington, as in BVR |
| Wolf, J.C., ‘Reise nach Ceylon ...’, Berlin and Stettin 1782 |
| ‘Wolf’, Hyaena brunnea, ‘Tiger- ~’, C. crocuta. 17.6.56, 15, 29, 34, 85, 86, 138, 166 (page 11, at Salt R., page 15), 184, 213, 228, 297, 462 (none), 481. Nearly all are casual mentions only. |
| Wolf (Danish). 17.1.88 |
| Wood (firewood if not otherwise noted). 31.5.54, 13.3.55 (for building sloepe), 27.9.59 (timber), 23.10.93, 11, 13 (and timber), 23 (ditto), 35 (ditto), 39 (ditto), 40, 42, 49, 53, 64 (and timber), 92, 96, 128, 156, 180, 182, 190, 219, 228, 236 (timber), 243, 251, 257, 258, 268, 311, 338, 351, 401, 410, 420, 425, 432, 455, 462, 481 (timber inland), 486. Also DR 10.7 and 15.8.76 (cutting on Table Mountain prohibited), 12.2.99 (‘decay’ of Company's forests, fuel very dear), The scarcity and poor quality of ~ is a continual complaint, from DR 14.9.54 to e.g., Banks, 438, in 1771, the fuel ‘almost as dear’ as the food it was to cook. |
| Woodcock: might be any long-billed wader, perhaps Painted Snipe, Rostratula benghalensis. 430 |
| ‘Wooren’ (? fish, not identified). 42 |
| Wydah, Pintail, Vidua macrura. 134 |
| Wynberg. 192, 193 |
| Wyngaard see Vine |
| Yacht: Dutch ‘Jacht’, ‘Jagdschip’ (ship of chase), small, fast. Term used somewhat vaguely: at times = large galliot, about 50 men (e.g., DR 26.8.63, 27.8.63, 28.8.63), at times confused with frigate, more than 100 men (e.g., DR 30.3.70, 1.7.94). The term is never used in early English accounts, its use in English dating from 1700 (NED), Passim in the documents, 8, 23, 32, 33 (133 men, 28 to 30 guns, ‘war ~’), 34, 35 (but DR 13.3.55 as ‘sloepe’), 42 (but Coningh David also as ‘flute’), 43, 53, 75-78 (but Meerman in DR 156 men), 141, 164 (but Vliegende Swaan also as ‘little flute’ and ‘galliot’), 180 (but Posthoorn also as ‘hooker’), 185, 194, 310, (Spierdijck, 800 tons 314, 339, 343 |
| Yawl: small ship's boat, perhaps 4 to 6 oars (NED). 368, 369, 420, 422, 440, 452, 472 |
| Yellowbills see s.v. Ducks |
| Ysselmonde. 8.5.98; 439, 440, 442 (all unnamed) |
|
| Zalland (Salland). 13.3.87, 30.3.87, 29.3.88, 30.3.88, 30.4.88, 22.8.89, 314, 336, 339, 340, 342, 351, 352, 369 |
| Z. Beveland see Suidbeveland |
| Zebra, Equus burchellii: usually as ‘Wild Asses’. 8.11.60, ?56, 123, 124, 148 (‘wild horses’), 184, 240, 241, 270, 283 (horses), 297 (ditto), 381, 408, 429, 462, 481, 482 (described but as ‘wild horses’). Plate 37 |
| Zeeland. 3.4.55, 12.4.55, 31.3.70, 15.10.79, 19.8.88, 25.3.02, 34, 42, 193, 226, 242, 366, 369, 414, 419, 422, 458 |
| Ziegenbalgh, B., ‘Propagation of the Gospel ...’, London 1718 |
| Zierikzee (Wapen van ~). 26.3.72, 23.4.72, 164 |
| Zion (Sion). 31.3.88, 30.4.88, 18.10.99, 21.10.99, 22.10.99, 27.10.99, 20.11.99, 336, 337, 339, 340, 342, 351, 352, 458-460, 464 |
| Zuyd Polsbroek. 10.4.65, 23.7.68, 11.8.68, 6.3.71, 22.3.71, 2.10.72, 30.11.72, 13.12.72, 91, 108, 109, 156 |
| Zuylen (flute, galliot). 22.3.59, 1.4.59, 53 |
NOTE:
After correspondence with the British Museum, I have concluded that the German form KOLB is preferable to the form ‘Kolbe’ used here. The reader will therefore be so good as to delete, manually or mentally, the final ‘e’ throughout. |
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