Abbreviations and Symbols
| acc. |
- |
accusative (case) |
| Afr. |
- |
Afrikaans |
| D. |
- |
Dutch |
| dat. |
- |
dative (case) |
| E. |
- |
English |
| Eng. |
- |
English |
| e.g. |
- |
for example |
| F. |
- |
feminine |
| fem. |
- |
feminine |
| Fris. |
- |
Frisian |
| G. |
- |
German |
| Germ. |
- |
German |
| gen. |
- |
genitive (case) |
| Gmc. |
- |
Germanic |
| IE. |
- |
Indo-European |
| i.e |
- |
that is |
| infl. |
- |
inflected |
| interr. |
- |
interrogative |
| It. |
- |
Italian |
| Lat. |
- |
Latin |
| lit. |
- |
literally |
| M. |
- |
masculine |
| masc. |
- |
masculine |
| ME. |
- |
Middle English |
| MNL. |
- |
Middle Dutch (lit. Middelnederlands) |
| n. |
- |
neuter |
| NHG. |
- |
Modern German |
| |
- |
(lit. New High German) |
| NNL. |
- |
Modern Dutch |
| |
- |
(lit. Nieuwnederlands) |
| nom. |
- |
nominative (case) |
| OWLF. |
- |
Old West Low Franconian (i.e. Old Dutch prior to 1100) |
| p. |
- |
page |
| part. |
- |
participle |
| pej. |
- |
pejorative |
| pl. |
- |
plural |
| pron. |
- |
pronounced |
| |
| sing. |
- |
singular |
| Wgmc. |
- |
West Germanic |
| ä, ô, û etc. |
= |
original long vowel in Germanic |
| ā, ō, ū etc. |
= |
long vowel of later origin (usually by lengthening in open syllable) |
| ǎ, ǒ, ǔ etc. |
= |
short vowel |
| > |
= |
became, changed into |
| < |
= |
is derived from |
| [ ] |
= |
phonetic transcription (usual meaning) |
| * |
= |
a reconstructed form (placed before a word) |
|
|
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